• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.895-909
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• 2013

Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks towards name servers of the Domain Name System (DNS) have threaten to disrupt this critical service. This paper studies the vulnerability of the cache server to the flooding DNS query traffic. As the resolution service provided by cache server, the incoming DNS requests, even the massive attacking traffic, are maintained in the waiting queue. The sojourn of requests lasts until the corresponding responses are returned from the authoritative server or time out. The victim cache server is thus overloaded by the pounding traffic and thereafter goes down. The impact of such attacks is analyzed via the model of queuing process in both cache server and authoritative server. Some specific limits hold for this practical dual queuing process, such as the limited sojourn time in the queue of cache server and the independence of the two queuing processes. The analytical results are presented to evaluate the impact of DDoS attacks on cache server. Finally, numerical results are provided for further analysis.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.795-801
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• 2006

A No Spin Differential (NSD) design has been improved from evaluation of two NSD models utilizing the axiomatic approach. New design parameters of the second level are developed to satisfy the independence axiom. The design matrices are determined to decouple the relationship between design parameters and process parameters. The values of process parameters are then determined to optimize and improve the NSD design. Consequently a unique and evolutionary NSD design is achieved with the aid of the axiomatic approach.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.259-262
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• 2000

The Cross-impact Hierarchy Process (CHP), an extended model of the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) which is linked to Cross Impact Analysis(CIA), is a powerful decision making tool to assist in the ranking of large number of dependent technological alternatives. In this paper, we will describe an application of the CHP to the aerospace industry. We here conducted a questionnaire survey for S company that is one of the representative aerospace companies in Korea. A questionnaire was designed to obtain both the priority with dependence (the CHP priority) and the priority with independence (the AHP priority) in order to compare the priority derived by each of two methods. The hierarchy in this case study is concerned with priority setting for R&D area to ensure dependent aerospace design technology of the company, The result shows that there exists the difference hard to neglect between the final priorities gained by two methods.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.611-626
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• 2013

In the paper we study the finite-time ruin probability in a general risk model with constant interest force, in which the claim sizes are pairwise quasi-asymptotically independent and arrive according to an arbitrary counting process, and the premium process is a general stochastic process. For the case that the claim-size distribution belongs to the consistent variation class, we obtain an asymptotic formula for the finite-time ruin probability, which holds uniformly for all time horizons varying in a relevant infinite interval. The obtained result also includes an asymptotic formula for the infinite-time ruin probability.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.82-95
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• 1994

When independent individual measurements are taken both $S/c_4$ and $\bar{R}/d_2$ are unbiased estimators of the process standard deviation. However, with dependent data $\bar{R}/d_2$ is not an unbiased estimator of the process standard deviation. On the other hand $S/c_4$ is an asymptotic unbiased estimator. If there exists correlation in the data, positive(negative) correlation tends to increase(decrease) the ARL. The effect of using $\bar{R}/d_2$ is greater than $S/c_4$ if the assumption of independence is invalid. Supplementary runs rule shortens the ARL of X control charts dramatically in the presence of correlation in the data.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.191-199
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• 2003

It is critical to select an appropriate technology valuation method when the characteristics of a technology and valuation environment are variable. To ensure high quality decision making when selecting a technology valuation method, it is necessary to understand the principles of a good technology valuation method, and define and apply a decision making theory for selecting an optimal method. The authors propose that Axiomatic Design Principles can be applied as a decision making theory. In order to apply Axiomatic Design for this problem, this paper describes four domains(customer, functional, physical, and process domain) and four axioms(independence, information, cost, time axiom) for the decision making process for the optimal technology valuation method. The result of this study will contribute flexibility to the dynamic technology valuation process.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.2059-2063
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• 2004

Most power plants have operated many independent computerize systems for maintenance. Independence of systems have caused complexity of business process and inconvenience of computer system management. Because the equipment and material master data is not standardize and structurize, it is difficult to manage equipment maintenance history and material delivery. Especially equipment classification criterion is important for standardization of every maintenance information. It is necessary to integrate function of independent systems for business process simplification and rapid work flow. this paper provides equipment classification criterion design and system integration method with the case of live system development.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.75-79
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• 2021

The article covered theoretical aspects use of information and communication technologies in teaching. Information and communication technologies are technologies that allow you to search, process and assimilate information from various sources, including the Internet. This is the presentation of information in electronic form, its processing and storage, the use of the computer, a variety of programs. The use of information and communication technologies in the work of a student gives an increase in motivation for learning; increased cognitive interest; evaluate their learning activities, identify the problems of their own educational activities; the formation of cognitive independence of students.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2022

Objectives: Humans experience the process of separating-individuating themselves from an object via the conflict between dependence and independence within the self. The separation-individuation theory focuses on the psychological process of individualizing oneself. Although adolescents' individuation from their parents is based on intrapsychic events, there is an increasing need for an intersubjective understanding of it. We applied intersubjectivity to adolescents and parents to interpret and find solutions for problems arising during their individuation process. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed a case of a son and his father treated by the author. From the study subject, contents that represent adolescents and parents' interaction and separation in the individualization process were extracted and analyzed, and their experiences shared in this process were reconstructed from the therapist's perspective. Results: From the case involving an adolescent boy with conduct problems and his interactions with his father, the authors observed the phenomenon of intersubjectivity and proposed the concept of "synchronized individuation" between adolescents and parents. As adolescents rapidly grow and change, they experience various dynamic interactions with their parents. Through learning to tolerate the conflicts and ambivalent tension inherent in this individuation process, adolescents and their parents develop their new identity. Conclusion: "Synchronized individuation" should be understood as complementary to, rather than exclusive from, the existing concept of the separation and individuation. It offers a new paradigm with which to understand adolescent-parent conflicts in the process of separation-individuation.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-55
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• 2007

Parties to national or international disputes use arbitration because they think it is faster than litigation or affords privacy. But it is very important for the parties that the decision of arbitrators is made impartially and independently. For the parties to accept the outcome of an arbitration, it is essential that the final outcome be the result of an impartial process, especially because arbitration is a form of adjudication, albeit a private one. The success of arbitration resides in the conduct of arbitrators. The more independent and impartial arbitrators are, the more trustworthy arbitration will be. Just as court procedures allow for the recusal of judges under certain circumstances, the arbitral process provides means to remove arbitrators from a tribunal if arbitrator can no longer be considered impartial or independent. This is blown as the disqualification or challenge of arbitrators. An arbitrator can also be challenged when he or she does not fulfill the contactually agreed and stipulated qualifications required by the arbitral agreement. An arbitrator's inability to act impartially could give rise to a challenge to the arbitrator, and even to the award. However, deciding whether an interest or relationship could give rise to an apprehension of bias is a difficult issue for every arbitrator. The standard of arbitrator's impartiality and independence is not commensurable to that of judge, because the parties are permitted considerable autonomy in selecting arbitrators. Particularly it may be expected for the party-appointed arbitrator to act as the advocate of the party in the deliberations of the tribunal. Doubts that could give rise to a challenge to the arbitrator should be justifiable. That is the case if a reasonable, informed third party would conclude that the arbitrator's decision making might be influenced by factors other than evidence presented by the parties. Consequently, for example, the mere fact that an arbitrator was to work in the same firm as one of the parties' counsel, this could not automatically be considered as grounds for challenge for lack of impartiality.