• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1161-1170
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• 2014

In global competition like today, intellectual property of novel areas such as traditional knowledge, traditional creation, hereditary resource, etc. are perceived as important resources. Therefore making solid competitive power in overall knowledge resources like cultural contents, brand, design etc. in nation is a pressing question. Accordingly in this study, to prepare for intellectual property rights dispute and advantage-sharing problem that would be variously derived from the Nagoya Protocol which will come into force after 2014, this research selected 200 knowledge of middle region in Korea from 2,047 literal and 931 oral knowledge using preconditioning process. The order of priority of top 50 of them was ranked by a quantitative research method, the Delphi survey. Among them, 30 was literal traditional knowledge and 20 was oral traditional knowledge. Result of this research could be used later as basic material for qualitative researches like the focus group interviewing. Furthermore in this paper is meaningful; the selected traditional knowledge can contribute remarkably to traditional biologic knowledge resource in nation which can be acknowledged in international society, announcing validity (hold precedence for patent) later on.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.831-841
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• 2017

The irrational number ${\pi}$ is defined as the ratio of circumference of a circle to its radius and always becomes constant. This article does Monte Carlo approximation of its value using the famous Buffon's needle experiment and shows that its convergence is not always proportional to the sample size. We also do Monte Carlo simulations to see the convergence of the computed ${\pi}$ values from the random walk series with independent normal increment. Finally we apply the theoretical derivation to various financial time series data such as KOSPI, stock prices of Korean big firms, global stock indices and major foreign exchange rates. The historical data shows that log transformed data random walk process but most of their first lagged data don't follow a normal distribution. More importantly the computed value from the ratio of the regression coefficient ${\pi}$ tend to converge a constant, unfortunately not ${\pi}$. Using this result we could doubt on the efficient market hypothesis, and relate the degree of the hypothesis with the amount of deviation of the estimated ${\pi}$ values.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.630-640
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• 2012

Recently, the range of meridian muscle has expanded to muscular membranes, tendons and sinews as well as muscles, comprehending the modern manual therapy and its theories. So, in this study, the movement of body is explained through the assignment of meridian muscles into 3 Yins and 3 Yangs, and the modern manual therapy is understood with body's movement principles rather than with simple muscular movements. For this, the ground that the meridian muscles can expand to muscular membranes, tendons and sinews is researched in newest papers and studies rather than in the conventional studies that have analyzed the meridian muscles just in anatomic viewpoints. And, to find out how it can be applied to the actual clinic, its relationship with modern manual therapies such as Positional Release Therapy and Muscle Energy Techniques which are in the spotlight lately is also researched, getting the following results: Modern manual therapy is to keep the mutual balance of Yin-Yang meridian muscles after all and secure the stability of body to relieve the pains due to the stagnation of energy and blood. In the main body, they can be allotted into the opening of Great Yang/Great Yin, the closing of Bright Yang(陽明)/Small Yin, and the pivoting of Small Yang/Growing Yin (厥陰). The bending and stretching of meridian muscles as well as the movement of body can be explained according to the principle of opening, closing and pivoting. When the body is divided into 3 Yins and 3 Yangs, the viewpoint of Yin-Yang-Inside-Outside can be applied to the protagonist and antagonist muscles, giving a theoretic basis to the modern manual therapy. In the process to understand Positional Release Therapy and Muscle Energy Techniques in the viewpoint of Meridian Muscle, it turned out that the meridian muscle theory of Oriental Medicine which used to be known only in documents can well explain the movement mechanism of human body. The stress reaction through the reciprocal inhibition in Positional Release Therapy and Muscle Energy Techniques can also be understood with Yin-Yang-Inside-Outside.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1332-1340
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• 2009

Moxa-combustion therapy makes use of heat stimulus and chemicals result form when cauterize the skin with moxa cones to medical cares. Despite an extensive evidence-base guiding the selection of stimulation parameters and attributes of subject, little methodologically research regarding the attributes of moxa cautery in need to provide effective stimulation. To determine moxibustion's effects of the three different moxa cautery made by three different company(as A, B, C), the small intestinal motility in rats were observed after moxibustion at ST36. Under anesthesia, each intensities(1, 5, 10 times), two regions(left and right at ST36) and a quantity(as number of 1, 5, 10 times at once) were applied to the groups divided with sex. In each intensities groups, the A product made increase with 5, 10 times in male and female group. The B and C product made increase with 10 times in male group and the B product made increase with 1, 5, 10 times and the C product made increase with 5 times in female group. In two regions(left and right at ST36) groups, the A and C product made increase with 1(right), 5(right) times and the B product made increase with 1(left), 10(left), 10(right) times in male group. In female group, the A product made increase with 5(left), 5(right), 10(right) times and the B product made increase with 1(left), 10(left), 10(right) times and the C product made increase with 5(left), 10(left) times. In a quantity(as number of 1, 5, 10 times at once) groups, the A and B product did not show any changes but the C product made increase with a quantity of 10 times in male group. In female group, The B product made increase with a quantity of 1 times and the C product made increase with a quantity of 5 times, but the A product did not show any changes. Three different moxa cautery made by three different company made differents result in each group divided with sex. With these results, it was suggested that we should consider the a process of manufacture and moxa cautery's quality for the adequate value of moxibustion.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of herbal medicine and other associated factors for abnormal liver function tests(especially total bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ${\gamma}$GT) levels in outpatients at an oriental medical clinic. Methods : A cross-sectional study based on clinical records was conducted on 504 patients at one Oriental medical clinic in Seoul, Korea. They were tested a liver function tests for screening and 497 patients ranging from the age of 4 to 74 were chosen for the study. Patients with basal liver disease or DM were excluded during the screening process. Patients were classified into case(abnormal) and control(normal) groups by normal liver function test references. Results and Conclusions : In this study, Significant correlations for abnormal total bilirubin levels was age, for abnormal AST was gender, for abnormal ALT were gender, smoking, marriage status, and job, for abnormal ${\gamma}$GT were age, gender, obesity, alcohol, smoking, marriage status, and job using the Chi-square test(p<0.05). There was no significant correlations for abnormal LFTs by using herbal medication history, and intake duration. After controlling other covariates, logistic regression analysis showed that the significant associated factors for abnormal total bilirubin levels were age(odds ratio[OR]=0.87, 95% confidence intervals [CI]=0.87-0.99). For abnormal AST levels was obesity(OR=2.45, CI=1.2-4.9), for abnormal ALT levels were age(OR=1.01, CI=0.99-1.03), male gender(OR=3.31, CI=1.62-6.76), and obesity(OR=3.71 CI=2.28-6.08). For abnormal ${\gamma}$GT levels were male gender(OR=4.83 CI=1.34-17.43), obesity(OR=3.29, CI=1.74-6.22), alcohol (OR=2.51, CI=1.19-5.28), and smoking(OR=2.29, CI=1.16-4.50). Herbal medication history was not as a risk factor for all abnormal liver function tests. Therefore, people who are male, obese, alcohol drinker and smoker will have higher liver function test levels. But intake of herbal medication or the duration of intake may not be the risk factor for abnormal liver function test results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2008

In coastal region, eutrophication, Do deficit and red tide are frequently occurred by influx of fresh water. When the fresh water containing pollutants is discharged into the sea, the surrounding water is contaminated by dispersion of freshwater flowing into coastal waters. The prediction and analysis about the dispersion process of the discharged fresh water should be conducted. A modeling system using GUI was developed to simulate hydrodynamic flow and fresh water dispersion in coastal waters and to analyze the results efficiently. The modeling module of the system includes a tide model using a finite element method and a fresh water dispersion model using a particle-tracking method. This system was applied to predict the tidal currents and fresh water dispersion in Mokpo coastal zone. To verify accuracy of the hydrodynamic model, the simulation results were compared with observed sea level and time variations of tidal currents showing a good agreement. The fresh water dispersion was verified with observed salinity distribution. The dispersion model also was verified with analytic solutions with advection-diffusion problems in 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional simple domain. The system is operated on GUI environment, to ease the model handling such as inputting data and displaying results. Therefore, anyone can use the system conveniently and observe easily and accurately the simulation results by using graphic functions included in the system. This system can be used widely to decrease the environmental disaster induced by inflow of fresh water into coastal waters.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.531-536
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• 2004

In fracture treatment with external fixators, the inter-fragmentary movements at the fracture site affect the fracture healing process, and these movements are highly related to the stiffness of external fixation systems. Therefore, in order to provide the optimal fracture healing at the fracture site, it is essential to understand the relationship between the stiffness and the system configurations in external fixation system. In this study we investigated the influences of system configuration parameters on the stiffness in the finite element analysis of an external fixation system of a long bone. The system alignment, the geometric and the material non-linearity of the pin, the joint stiffness and the callus formation were considered in the finite element model. In the first, the system stiffness of the developed finite element model was compared with the experiment data for model validation. The consideration of the joint stiffness and nonlinearity of the model improved the system stiffness results. The joint stiffness, the non-alignment of the system decreased the system stiffness while the callus formation increased the system stiffness. The present results provided the biomechanical basis of rational guidelines for design improvements of external fixators and pre-op. planning to maximize the system stiffness in fracture surgery.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 1994

This paper proposed a new method in the implementation of ISDN (integrated services digital network) LAPD (link access procedure on the D-channel) and LAPB (link access procedure on the B-channel) protocols. The proposed method in this paper implement ISDW LAPD protocol through multi-tasking operating system and adopt a kernel part that is changed operating system to target board. The features of implemented system are (1) the para.llel processing of the events generated at each layer, as follows (2) the supporting necessary timers for the implementation of ISDW LAPD protocol from the kernel part by using software, (3) the recommanded SAP (Service Access Point) from CCITT was composed by using port function in the operating system. With the proposed method, the protocols of ISDH layerl, layer2 and layer3 (call control) were implemented by using the kernel part and related tests were carried out by connecting the ISDH terminal simulator to ISDN S-interface system using the ISDN LAPD protocol The results showed that ISDW S-interface terminals could be discriminated by TEI (Terminal Equipment Identifier) assignment in layer 2 (LAPD) and the message transmission of layer 3 was verified by establishing the multi-frame transmission and then through the path established by the LAPD protocol, a user data was tranfered and received on B-channel with LAPB protocol Thererfore, as new efficient ISDN S-interface environment was implemented in the thesis, it was verified that the implemented system can be utilized by connecting ISDW in the future to transfer a medical image data.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of various factors in keratotomy for astigmatism correction on surgical outcomes by finite element method as well as animal experiments. Three kinds of surgical techniques were mechanically investigated : arcuate, straight, and inverse arcuate keratotomy. Among the three techniques the arcuate keratotomy is the most popular one while the other two techniques are being investigated in this area. The arcuate keratotomy was found to be more controllable and effective in reducing the refractive power than the others. In arcuate keratotomy it was found most effective when the incision was located in the middle position between the apex and the edge of the cornea from the results of experiment as well as finite element study. Regarding to the range of the corneal incision in arcuate keratotomy, the incision angle of 90$^{\circ}$ was found th be most effective in reducing refractive power than other angles even it was incised up to 150$^{\circ}$. Therefore, it was concluded that 90$^{\circ}$ of incision angle results in the largest decrease in refractive power in arcuate keratotomy. However, other important findings were that the effect of the surgery decreased with time so the visco-effect of the cornea and auto-healing process. Therefore, these factors should be considered in future studies.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.368-376
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• 2003

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from Paenibacillus sp. JB-13 was immobilized on various carriers by several immobilization methods such as ionic binding, covalent linkage and ultrafiltration to improve the process performance. The ultrafiltration and covalent linkage with CNBr-activated sepharose 4B were found as the best method for immobilization of CGTase. The ability of CGTase immobilization onto CNBr-activated sepharose 4B was as high as 18,000 units/g resin when the conditions was as follows: contact time 9 hrs at $37^{\circ}C$, pH 6.0, 100 nm and enzyme loading 24,000 units/g resin. The optimum conditions for production of 2-O-$\alpha$-D-Glucopyranosyl L-Ascorbic acid by immobilized CGTase turned out to be: pH 5.0, temperature $37^{\circ}C$, 20% substrate solution containing 8% (w/v) of soluble starch and 12% (w/v) of L-ascorbic acid sodium salt, 100 rpm, far 25 hrs and with 800 units of immobilized CGTase/ml substrate solution. Moreover the CGTase activity could be stably maintained for 8 times of repetitive reactions after removing products by ultrafiltration through YM 10 membrane.