• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.133-152
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• 2013

Recently, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has made progress toward resolving low value, high volume disputes in international e-commerce. At the Working Group's 26th session, two draft procedural rules were addressed. The first discussed the draft of Article 9, entitled "Decision by a neutral party." This is based on the suggestion in 26th session to have a "two track" system of ODR, one including negotiation, facilitated settlement, and arbitration phrases, and the other not including an arbitration phase. The second draft procedural rule, draft Article 10, regards the language of proceedings. In most cases of international e-commerce, the decision of language of an ODR proceeding is a matter of importance, for the language parties could differ from each other. This paper examines several implications of UNCITRAL for Korea, which has unstable ODR system.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2001

Using computer technology in teaching school mathematics creates new instructional environments. The emphases on the use of computer technology in the classrooms and in particular the use of computer-based exploration as a context of mathematics instruction have been reflected in the recommendation of the NCTM (Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics, 1989). Although the power of using computer technology in the exploration of mathematical problems has been recognized and stressed by many educators, we do not have many research studies on mathematics in computer-based explorations. Especially research has failed to clarify how computer technology can contribute to the construction of procedural and conceptual knowledge of mathematics. Up to now most researches on procedural and conceptual knowledge in computer environments have only focused on classifying programming languages which program language has more random access and rich interrelationship characteristic in relation to conceptual knowledge in humans, and which computer language has more characteristic flavor of procedural knowledge. How computer-based explorations affect the knowledge construction of mathematics, therefore, emerges as an issue of research on teacher education program for theoretical framework. This situation leads to do research on the effectiveness of using computer explorations in pre-service teacher education in terms of procedural and conceptual knowledge construction.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.603-609
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• 2004

Procedural texture has many advantages that its representation is extremely compact and unfixed in resolution. However, it can be difficult for an end-user having no programming skill to build and debug. This paper presents a new interactive design system for procedural texture generation. The user's interactive design process based on multi-layer operations is represented with a graph structure, which consists of the data node, the operation and the output. Since our system generates automatically a shading language, a user who is not acquainted with implicit concepts can make procedural texturing by using an intuitive and flexible interface. Simulation results showed that the proposed method can make a variety of texture patterns efficiently.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06b
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• pp.97-100
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• 2002

A procedural interface libary for IEEE Verilog 1364-2001 is developed. The lexer and scanner are developed to handle “Verilog-2001” which is the first major update to the Verilog language since its inception in 1984. Also the newly developed XML intermediate format for Verilog-2001 is Presented in the paper. By using the XML intermediate, it allows the portable and scalable development of various kinds of applications. The XML DTD(Document Type Definition) of Verilog is defined and the corresponding XML intermediate format is developed. The paper describes example application of code rule checker which is built using the language interface library.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-47
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• 2017

This research analyzed procedural problems presented in academic writing faced by international students. The result of this research will serve as a basis for suggesting methods of developing a curriculum in Korean writing as a liberal arts education designed for international students. To analyze problems presented in academic writing by international students, the standard of assessment was divided into interaction, knowledge construction, and material quotation. Then, knowledge construction was divided into contents, structure, and expression, and the items were subdivided in each category. These categories of assessment correspond to the genre of academic writing and are different from the existing standard of assessment for academic writing. Applying these standards, this research analyzed 43 texts of academic writing in process for a final paper by international students in an class and presented problems in them. Furthermore, this paper aims to give detailed feedback that can help solve those problems.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.537-555
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• 2021

Many researchers have carried out studies related to programming languages since the beginning of computer science. Besides programming with traditional programming languages (i.e., procedural, object-oriented, functional programming language, etc.), a new paradigm of programming is being carried out. It is programming with natural language. By programming with natural language, we expect that it will free our expressiveness in contrast to programming languages which have strong constraints in syntax. This paper surveys the approaches that generate source code automatically from a natural language description. We also categorize the approaches by their forms of input and output. Finally, we analyze the current trend of approaches and suggest the future direction of this research domain to improve automatic code generation with natural language. From the analysis, we state that researchers should work on customizing language models in the domain of source code and explore better representations of source code such as embedding techniques and pre-trained models which have been proved to work well on natural language processing tasks.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.170-176
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• 2002

Java language is a representative object-oriented language that is used at the various platform and fields. A structure of java language is simpler than traditional procedural-oriented language because of characters of object-oriented language But it is difficult to debug complicated java programs. Debugging has always been a costly part of software development. Syntax errors of java programs is easily found by the current debugging system. But it is difficult to locate logical errors included in java programs. Traditional debugging techniques locating logical errors in java program have been still used with conventional methods that are used at procedural-oriented languages. Unfortunately, these traditional methods are often inadequate for the task of isolating specific program errors. Debugger users may spend considerable time debugging code of program development with sequential methods according as program size is large and is complicated. It is important to easily locate errors included in java program in the software development. In this paper, we apply algorithmic debugging method that debugger user can easily debug programs to java program. This method executes a program and makes an execution tree from calling relation of functions. And it locates errors at the execution tree. So, Algorithmic debugging method can reduce the number of debugging than conventional sequential method.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.597-610
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• 2011

In database application developments, data coexists in memory and disk spaces. To manipulate the memory data, the general programing languages are used and to manipulate the disk data, SQL is used. In particular, the procedural languages for the memory manipulation are difficult to create and manage than declarative languages such as SQL. Thus, this paper shows that a particular structure of memory data, tree structured, can be manipulated by SQL. Most of all, the model data of the user interfaces can be represented by a tree structure and thus, it can be processed by SQL except non set computations. The non set computations could be done by helper classes. The SQL memory data manipulation is more suited to the database application developments which have few complex computations.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.66-71
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• 2012

In this paper, we try to explore basic factors that defines easy-to-learn programming language and easy-to-learn development environments for novice students who have not been exposed to computer programming language education. For these purpose, we investigate and analyze computer programming languages that are widely used in industrial environments, and present the summary and analyzed results. From the experimental results, most novice programmers understand computer programming languages in terms of procedural programming languages rather than in terms of functional programming languages or object oriented programming languages. Furthermore, we have found that, for effective education of basic level programming languages, factors of development environments are much more important than factors of programming paradigms that the computer programming languages are based on.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.537-547
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• 2007

According evolution of computer technology, computers execute complex and several tasks. Because of the complexity of program and restriction of programming language, applications are implemented using one more programming language. But it is no general methodology for using several languages and implementing it. This paper classified usages of programming language integration and methodology for implements programming languages integration through HLID(Heterogeneous Language Integration Degree) for solving above problem. And using HLID, it designed and implemented Java Preprocessor that improvement JNI-current implementation for integration between object-oriented language Java and procedural language C.