• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1283-1293
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• 2014

In ubiquitous environment, data are changing rapidly and new data is coming as times passes. And sometimes all of the past data will be lost if there is not sufficient space in memory. Therefore, there is a need to make rules and combine it with new data not to lose all the past data or to deal with large amounts of data. In making decision trees and extracting rules, the weight of each of rules is generally determined by the total number of the class at leaf. The computational problem of finding a minimum finite state acceptor compatible with given data is NP-hard. We assume that rules extracted are not correct and may have the loss of some information. Because of this precondition. this paper presents a new approach for refining rules. It controls their weight of rules of previous knowledge or data. In solving rule refinement, this paper tries to make a variety of rules with pruning method with majority and minority properties, control weight of each of rules and observe the change of performances. In this paper, the decision tree classifier with extended data expression having static weight is used for this proposed study. Experiments show that performances conducted with a new policy of refining rules may get better.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-55
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to development and verify the effect of educational program apply on STEAM for the mathematical prodigy. To accomplish these purposes literature review on development of the program and qualitative study were conducted. The mixed-model design was applied for this qualitative experimental study. The conclusions of this study were as follows. First, the program for mathematical prodigy education applied on the conceptual model of STEAM integration approach was developed. Second, a learning satisfaction about constitution of the workbook was lowly. Third, principal of STEAM was the best interest and difficult of the program applied on STEAM. Fourth, the creativity and problem solving ability was founded about angle and velocity of mathematical domain and making the Angrybirds Game on GeoGebra environment. In spite of difficulty about principal of the Angrybirds Game, confidence and satisfaction were founded about a result product.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3578-3585
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to establish the critical limit at CCP (Critical Control Point) of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system for instant noodle and it was conducted at P company in Ichen(Gyeonggi-do), Korea. According to the CCP, Fried process were experimented to removal and decrease of microbiological and chemical hazards by measuring of each temperature and times. As a result, the standard plate count and pathogenic microorganism were not detected by fried processing (Temperature : $145{\pm}10^{\circ}C$, Time : $75{\pm}30$ sec). The acid value of chemical hazards produced by fried processing was able to manage, showed lower (0.2) than the legal limit (0.6). Air-borne bacterial examination results detected(3 CFU/mL, 3 CFU/mL) in the Frying Room and Steam Room. Therefore, the CCP-BC of fried process would be a great alternative to prevent and remove hazard analysis, such as general and pathogenic microorganism (E. coli O157:H7, B. cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp, Sthaph. aureus etc), chemical hazard analysis. In conclusion, it suggested that HACCP plan was necessary for management standard and systematic approach in establishement of critical limit, solving the problem, method of verification, education and records management by fried processing.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2021

Wayfinding is a 'Process solving problem to find destination', and it is important to select spatial data for optimal way. Recently, due to the complexity of space and the expansion of the medium of the wayfinding service, it is necessary to the approach on the information design for them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a meta guideline on the information design for the design of orientation sign, which is an important cognitive clue in the wayfinding. It was conducted in 3 stages, First, a design process was proposed and design elements were derived for each step by literature research related to information and sign design, and analysis of manual for signage design. Second, a meta guideline for information organization and visualization in the three-stage design process was proposed by FGI and analysis. Third, the meta guideline was applied to the sign design on an area for user evaluation to inspect the applicability of the meta guideline. Through the user questionnaire, the possibility of applying the guideline for visualization of directions and spaces, information hierarchy according to spatial characteristics and information priority was identified. It is meaningful in that necessary element for signage design are systematized centering on the process and that it presents a macroscopic methodology according to spatial characteristics.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.103-123
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon in-depth with its context that what are changes of life in the older patients with social admission by applying the phenomenological research method, and to understand the essential meanings and structure of change experiences of life in elderly patients with social admission. The participants were 15 patients with chronic disease over 65 ages who were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews from April to July 2016, and were analyzed using Colaizzi (1978)'s phenomenological analysis method. The essential meanings and structure of change experiences of life in the older patients with social admission were derived into six clusters of themes as follows: 'A lot of concerns are solved', 'New relationship', 'Life as a ordinary person that it looks nothing like a patient', 'The body and mind are comfortable', 'Fear of discharge','Social isolation'. The results of this study contributed to promoting a deeper understanding of change of life in older patients with social admission, and provided for the basic data of strategic approach in solving the social admission problem in long-term hospital.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.587-594
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine how college students' stress coping in the post-corona era affect leisure constraint negotiations. To achieve the purpose of this study, from January 25th to February 19th, 2021, 247 copies were used for this study, excluding 13 questionnaires from Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, and Busan. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis were performed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 18.0. As a result, there was a difference in leisure constraint negotiations according to changes in the types of leisure before and after COVID-19. According to the stress coping method of college students, it appears that it has a positive effect on the part of leisure constraint negotiations, so it is necessary to consider a detailed approach to the coping plan. In particular, it was confirmed that the active stress coping method(Active problem solving, Social support seeking) had a positive effect on the leisure constraint negotiations. Therefore, future research will require efforts to verify their relationship with various approaches to leisure constraints, leisure constraints negotiations, and stress and stress response strategies with COVID-19.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.439-445
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the distance of culture and life by 'The Relation-Approach.' For this, We identified the path and mechanism of importance of culture and life through the concept of respective distance and closed distance. We found that the structure of closed culture and closed life makes the distance of culture and life dangerous, which is operated as the factor of making dangerous culture and life. This fact shows that respectiveness operates in the process of converting respective distance to closed distance. Also, It was confirmed that the problem of solving dangerous distance can be established in the condition that mutual distance of culture and life can have the possibility of accomplishment. But We found the fact that the distance which is regarded as the true mutual distance having the consistence of the open condition-accomplishment in culture and life is actually operated by making the dangerous path and mechanism. In this point, We suggested the concept of 'The Multi-tier Dangerousness,' not 'The Single-tier Dangerousness.' We also found the importance of dangerousness of perception with a view to resolving dangerousness operating in culture and life. The fact that 'dangerousness of perception' produced 'dangerousness of phenomenon' was identified. Further more, We suggested that intrinsic perception is needed so as to healthy culture and life. And Open perception was emphasized to go to mutual distance beyond respective distance.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.41-58
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• 2022

This study aims to provide lesson plans that can simultaneously achieve both the learning goals of the 'Human Development & Family' domain of the 2015 revised Technology & Home Economics curriculum and the Sustainable Development Goals. Four steps including analysis, design, development, and evaluation and revision were followed. In the analysis step, the 'Changing Families and Healthy Families' unit was selected as it is relevant to the nine subgoals of the SDGs. In the design step, three sessions were planned with a problem-solving project approach. In the development step, three lesson plans for each session, individual and group activity worksheets for students, and guidelines for teachers were constructed. In the evaluation and revision step, criteria for evaluating the lesson plans were developed reflecting both the goals of the Home Economic curriculum and the SDGs. The validity of the lesson plans was reviewed by a panel of experts. Then, the revised lesson plans were finalized. This study provides an illustrative example of the lesson plans in the secondary education context that can be used to achieve the learning goals of the Home Economic curriculum and the Sustainable Development Goals at the same time.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.54
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• pp.33-57
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• 2020

This study aimed to empirically analyze the effect of the appreciation of artwork in the workplace on creativity. To this end, two virtual workspace images with and without artwork were created, and an online survey was conducted with office workers. A regression analysis was performed on the results to investigate whether and how much the appreciation and recognition of artwork was effective for the creativity. As a result, among the factors of recognition according to the appreciation of artwork, "intellectual development" and "thinking" showed positive effects on the five sub-factors of creativity at work, such as original flexibility, alternative problem-solving skills, pursuit of adventure and freedom, individual independence, and exploratory immersion. Unlike most previous studies, however, "understanding" had a negative effect on original flexibility. In conclusion, it was found that some of the factors of the appreciation and recognition of artwork had a positive effect on creativity at work. This study provides implications that the appreciation of artwork in the workplace is effective for improving creativity at work and that it is important for each company to develop a streamlined approach based on its goal of pursuing a creative environment. In addition, it is expected that this study will contribute to the widespread use of artwork sharing services at workplaces as well as encouraging more empirical studies to be done on the effect of the services.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.174-174
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• 2000

A strong antiferromagnetic coupling in Fe/Si multilayered films (MLF) had been recently discovered and much consideration has been given to whether the coupling in the Fe/Si MLF system has the same origin as the metal/metal MLF. Nevertheless, the nature of the interfacial ron silicide is still controversial. On one hand, a metal/ semiconductor structure was suggested with a narrow band-gap semiconducting $\varepsilon$-FeSi spacer that mediates the coupling. However, some features show that the nature of coupling can be well understood in terms of the conventional metal/metal multilayered system. It is well known that both magneto-optical (MO) and optical properties of a metal depend strongly on their electronic structure that is also correlated with the atomic and chemical ordering. In this study, the nature of the interfacial regions is the Fe/Si multilayers has been investigated by the experimental and computer-simulated MO and optical spectroscopies. The Fe/Si MLF were prepared by rf-sputtering onto glass substrates at room temperature with the number of repetition N=50. The thickness of Fe sublayer was fixed at 3.0nm while the Si sublayer thickness was varied from 1.0 to 2.0 nm. The topmost layer of all the Fe/Si MLF is Fe. In order to carry out the computer simulations, the information on the MO and optical parameters of the materials that may constitute a real multilayered structure should be known in advance. For this purpose, we also prepared Fe, Si, FeSi2 and FeSi samples. The structural characterization of Fe/Si MLF was performed by low- and high -angle x-ray diffraction with a Cu-K$\alpha$ radiation and by transmission electron microscopy. A bulk $\varepsilon$-FeSi was also investigated. The MO and optical properties were measured at room temperature in the 1.0-4.7 eV energy range. The theoretical simulations of MO and optical properties for the Fe/Si MLF were performed by solving exactly a multireflection problem using the scattering matrix approach assuming various stoichiometries of a nonmagnetic spacer separating the antiferromagnetically coupled Fe layers. The simulated spectra of a model structure of FeSi2 or $\varepsilon$-FeSi as the spacer turned out to fail in explaining the experimental spectra of the Fe/Si MLF in both intensity and shape. Thus, the decisive disagreement between experimental and simulated MO and optical properties ruled out the hypothesis of FeSi2 and $\varepsilon$-FeSi as the nonmagnetic spacer. By supposing the spontaneous formation of a metallic ζ-FeSi, a reasonable agreement between experimental and simulated MO and optical spectra was obtained.