• Title/Summary/Keyword: Primary frequency control

Search Result 260, Processing Time 0.026 seconds

Effect of Acupuncture on Sciatica in Rat Models: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (좌골신경통 백서모델에서 침치료의 효과: 체계적 문헌고찰 및 메타분석)

  • Yoon, Ye-Ji;Kim, Soojeon;Cho, Jae-Heung;Kim, Koh-Woon;Song, Mi-Yeon
    • Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
    • /
    • v.30 no.1
    • /
    • pp.79-93
    • /
    • 2020
  • Objectives While sciatic neuropathy is one of the common symptoms which have the lifetime incidence of 13~40%, still there is no consensus about the standardized and the most effective conservative treatment. In addition, the importance of systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical are growing as they could suggest possible effective treatment strategy for future studies. Therefore, we conducted systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate analgesic effect of acupuncture on sciatica in rat models. Methods Systematic search was conducted for all controlled comparative preclinical trials which assessed analgesic effect of acupuncture in sciatica rat models. Database of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI and 6 Korean databases were used. The primary outcome was pain, which is evaluated by stimulus behavior tests in rat models. We assessed the methodological quality with Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analysis and subgroup analysis was conducted according to treatment site, acupuncture point, treatment period and frequency used in electroacupuncture. Results 14 studies were finally included following our inclusion criteria. The data from meta-analysis indicated that the acupuncture significantly improved the result values of behavior tests for pain evaluation, compared to no-treatment control group in animal models (standardized mean difference=4.43, 95% confidence interval 3.16 to 5.69, Z=6.84, p<0.00001; χ2=68.02, p<0.00001; I2=82%). The results of subgroup analysis indicate that acupuncture treatment of unilateral site, distal acupoints, longer treatment period and applying 2/100 Hz frequency in electroacupuncture could be more effective. Conclusions Systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies are getting important for the future clinical studies and the improvement of heatlh care. Therefore the results of the study would provide evidence and better design for the forthcoming studies.

Weight Control and Cardiovascular Risk in Middle-Aged Women (중년여성의 체중관리 실태와 성인병 위험도)

  • Kim, Jeong-Ah;Chaung, Seung-Kyo
    • The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
    • /
    • v.7 no.1
    • /
    • pp.33-47
    • /
    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate weight control practices and cardiovascular risk in middle-aged women. 304 middle-aged women were selected as subjects from thirties to fifthies living at J city in Chung-Buk Do. Data were collected using a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, BP & total cholesterol level in serum from April 1, to June 30, 2003. The results of this study were as follows: The middle-aged woman's age is average $43.95{\pm}7.09yr$ and mean BMI(body mass index) was $23.54{\pm}3.09\;kg/m^2$. Underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese women were 3.0%, 39.5%, 27.9% and 29.6%respectively. Subjects perceived own as 'Slim' 5.9%, 'ordinary' 45.7%, 'Fat' 48.4%. Their weight perception coincide their own actual body weight but as many as 41.8% of overweight and 9.0% of obese perceived themselves as being 'ordinary'. Middle age women with past weight control experience were 55.6%, and only 35.5% was doing weight control at present. Of these subjects, 71.4% reported wanting to lose weight and the primary reason of weight control was to improve their appearance(39.53%). The most frequently reported weight control behavior was 'exercise' followed 'dieting', but 39.6% reported using 'diet food', 12.4% 'behavior modification', 12.4% 'fasting', and 'diet-drug'(3.6%) or 'smoking'(3.6%). Effective weight control methods were thought regular exercise(97.1%) & dieting (79.3%). And behavior modification(71.4%) or diet camp(60%) were effective, too. An average waist circumference was $79.80{\pm}9.47cm$, waist/hip ratio was $86.63{\pm}6.78$, waist/height ratio was $50.43{\pm}6.10$. In the index of abdominal obesity, 79.7 % of middle-aged women was waist/height ratio over 0.46, 65.3% was waist/hip ratio over 0.85, 28.4% was waist circumference over 85cm. There were significant differences in the degree of abdominal obesity according to age and BMI. In the index of cardiovascualr risk, 10.9% of middle aged women was systolic hypertension over 140mmHg, 18.7% was diastolic hypertension over 90mmHg and 10.6% was hypercholesterolemia over 200mg/dl. There was significant difference in systolic hypertension ratio according to age. There was significant difference in diastolic hypertension ratio according to age and obesity. There were significant differences in hypercholesterolemia accorting to obesity. The abdominal obesity indices and the levels of T-cholesterol in the serum, systolic and diastolic BP increased significantly according to age. T-cholesterol in serum was predicted 2.6% by waist/height ratio. And systolic BP was predicted 15.2% by waist/height, add BMI to 16.8%. Subject's diastolic BP was predicted 12.1% by BMI. Therefore waist/height ratio and BMI were significant factors for the predictors of cardiovascular risk. There was significant correlation between index of obesity and cardiovascular risk. T-cholesterol in serum had correlation with waist/eight ratio(r=0.174) and waist circumference(r=0.48). Systolic BP had correlation with waist/height ratio(r=0.387), and BMI(=0.371). diastolic BP correlation had correlation with BMI(r=0.343) and waist/height ratio(r=0.327). In conclusion, The prevalence of obesity was 29.6% in 304 cases, and increased as age after menopause increased. Middle-aged women's weight perception and actual BMI coincide but some of them did not. Trial to reduce weight was attempted. But most of them did not actually. Undesirable weight control method such as using drugs, fasting, smoking was used by some women. It is important to educate about health weight control methods and raise their awareness of exact body figures. High frequency of abdominal obesity in middle-aged women had correlation with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Abdominal index such as waist/height ratio, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio was used. Women's hypertension, hypercholesterolemia significantly related to body mass index and abdominal obesity.

  • PDF

An Antiviral Mechanism Investigated with Ribavirin as an RNA Virus Mutagen for Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus

  • Gu, Chao-Jiang;Zheng, Cong-Yi;Zhang, Qian;Shi, Li-Li;Li, Yong;Qu, San-Fu
    • BMB Reports
    • /
    • v.39 no.1
    • /
    • pp.9-15
    • /
    • 2006
  • To prove whether error catastrophe /lethal mutagenesis is the primary antiviral mechanism of action of ribavirin against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Ribavirin passage experiments were performed and supernatants of $Rp_1$ to $Rp_5$ were harvested. Morphological alterations as well as the levels of viral RNAs, proteins, and infectious particles in the BHK-21 cells infected using the supernatants of $Rp_1$ to $Rp_5$ and control were measured by microscope, real-time RT-PCR, western-blotting and plaque assays, respectively. The mutation frequency was measured by sequencing the complete P1- and 3D-encoding region of FMDV after a single round of virus infection from ribavirin-treated or untreated FMDV-infected cells. Ribavirin treatment for FMDV caused dramatically inhibition of multiplication in cell cultures. The levels of viral RNAs, proteins, and infectious particles in the BHK-21 cells infected were more greatly reduced along with the passage from $Rp_1$ to $Rp_5$, moreover, nucleocapsid protein could not be detected and no recovery of infectious virus in the supernatant or detection of intracellular viral RNA was observed at the $Rp_5$-infected cells. A high mutation rate, giving rise to an 8-and 11-fold increase in mutagenesis and resulting in some amino acid substitutions, was found in viral RNA synthesized at a single round of virus infection in the presence of ribavirin of $1000\;{\mu}M$ and caused a 99.7% loss in viral infectivity in contrast with parallel untreated control virus. These results suggest that the antiviral molecular mechanism of ribavirin is based on the lethal mutagenesis/error catastrophe, that is, the ribavirin is not merely an antiviral reagent but also an effective mutagen.

CLASS II COMPOSITE RESIN RESTORATION USING ORTHODONTIC BANDS (교정용 밴드를 이용한 구치부 2급 와동의 복합레진 수복)

  • Park, Sung-Dong;Park, Ki-Tae
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
    • /
    • v.32 no.1
    • /
    • pp.13-17
    • /
    • 2005
  • Children and teenagers have a higher frequency of proximal surface caries in the posterior teeth than adults. For proximal restoration, class II amalgam or stainless steel crown has been widely used in the past, however composite resin restoration is getting ore popular due to it's superior cosmetic appearance. When applying composite resin on proximal area, various types of matrix bands can be utilized according to the operator's reference or skill. Such bands have several clinical effects including suitability for proximal margin, reduction of micro-leakage, moisture-control against saliva and ease finishing and polishing. In this case report, orthodontic bands were utilized instead of matrix bands as a remedy for proximal restorations in both primary and permanent teeth and their clinical advantages are as follows. 1. Orthodontic bands showed superior marginal adaptation compared to conventional matrix bands and moisture-control against saliva was excellent. 2. While applying composite resin, deformation of restoration material was estimated to be insignificant due to he rigidity of the orthodontic bands. 3. Natural tooth contour of the orthodontic bands facilitates to reproduce proximal tooth contour of the restoration. 4. In general, pediatric dentists are accustomed to applying orthodontic bands and this may allow pediatric dentists to make proximal composite restorations more efficiently than other dental specialists.

  • PDF

Upper Garment Sizing System for Obese School Boys Based on Somatotype Analysis (학령후기 비만 남아의 체형 분석에 따른 plus-size 남자 아동복 상의 치수 규격 제안)

  • Park, Soon-Jee
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
    • /
    • v.46 no.9
    • /
    • pp.99-112
    • /
    • 2008
  • The increasing rate of obesity in school aged children has become a conspicuous social phenomenon in Korea. This has been linked to greater economic growth, increasingly westernized dietary habits, and a consumer driven society. Given that obesity can lead to social exclusion or unfavorable attention by other students in a school setting, the design of plus-size garments have become important for effective appearance management skills. This research aimed to establish a somatotype database for obese school boys, aged 10 to 12, in order to develop a sizing system for plus-size upper garments. In order to measure somatotype of average and obese school boys, five categories were recorded; height, obesity, length of trunk, thickness of neck and chest. For obese boys, subcutaneous fat thickness and position of B.P/shoulder point factors were recorded. Obesity factor was subdivided into overall and specific ones, and while the deviation of obese body types was severe compared to the average type. Obese body type showed significantly higher measurements in width, girth, thickness. This is linked to the fact that the frequency ratio of obesity increases with age. Stature and chest were chosen as control dimensions for boys' wear. As crosstabulation of stature(5cm interval) and chest girth(2, 3 and 4cm), and stature(5cm interval)/chest girth(3cm interval) sizing system showed, the most effective cover ratio and adaptability to the data distribution $25{\sim}75$ quartile. Based on the findings, 10 sizes were formulated for average body type, while 18 sizes were formulated for obese type, whose size cover ratios were 48% and 62.9%, respectively. The primary ranges of stature were $145cm{\sim}150cm$, while those of chest girth were $79{\sim}82cm$. Each size was declared as "chest-somatotype{A(average)/O(obesity)-stature". This study proposed a plus-size upper garment sizing systems for obese boys, accompanied with reference measurements for suit, casual wear and underwear. The finding showed that the two systems were totally separate and not overlapping, meaning that plus-size sizing system is essential for obese school boys. The obesity type system had more size and wider range specs.

Related Factors to Handwashing with Soap in Korean Adults (우리나라 성인의 비누로 손씻기 실천 관련요인)

  • Lee, Youn-Hee;Lee, Moo-Sik;Hong, SuJin;Yang, Nam-Young;Hwang, Hae-Jung;Kim, Byung-Hee;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Kim, Eun-Young;Park, Yun-Jin;Lim, Go-Un;Kim, Young-Tek
    • The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
    • /
    • v.17 no.1
    • /
    • pp.89-99
    • /
    • 2016
  • Objectives: This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the prevalence and factors relating to handwashing with soap among Korean adults. Methods: Study subjects consist of 755 adults who have been contacted in September 2013 via telephone surveys. The data collected has been analyzed using descriptive statistics, a chi-square test and a logistic regression analysis. A primary purpose is to understand the prevalence of handwashing with soap more than 8 times daily and for 30 seconds per wash among adults. Independent variables include socioeconomic levels, the participants' perception and knowledge of handwashing and their educational experiences relating to handwashing. Results: The overall percentile of people who wash their hands with soap 8 time per day for 30 seconds or more per wash was 16.0%, which is 121 people out of 755 study subjects. In univariate analysis, age, education levels, monthly average income, handwashing habits, perceptions relate to the importance of handwashing, self-assessment of handwashing, environment of public toilet, and the completion of handwashing education shows significant result. Significant differences also appear (p<0.05) in logistic regression analysis on binary variables. There is a strong correlation between daily frequency of handwashing and willingness to wash hands while outside. For example, people who wash their hands very often while outside are 2.24 times (95% C.I. 1.29-3.87) more likely to practice handwashing with soap 8 times per day for 30 seconds or more per wash than those people who only intermittently wash their hands while outside. Furthermore, people with general unwillingness to wash their hands while outside are 4.61 times (95% C.I. 1.22-3.28) less likely to practice handwashing with soap 8 times per day for 30 seconds or more per wash than those with general willingness. Conclusions: This study has been carried out to identify the decision factors in practicing handwashing with soap for Korean adults. In univariate analysis, age, education level, monthly average income, handwashing habits, handwashing self-assessment, public toilet environment, completion of handwashing education and so forth have been identified to be the decision factors. This study result shows that the overall level of cleanliness of public toilet perceives to be poor and it suggests that the environment of public toilet needs to be enhanced. As the handwashing habits and handwashing-self assessment have been identified to be the significant decision factors for handwashing, there search and approach in these factors need to be developed further.

Development of an Algorithm for Dynamic Traffic Operations of Freeway Climbing Lane Toward Traffic Safety (교통안전성을 고려한 고속도로 오르막차로 동적운영 알고리즘 개발)

  • PARK, Hyunjin;YOUN, Seokmin;OH, Cheol
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
    • /
    • v.34 no.1
    • /
    • pp.68-80
    • /
    • 2016
  • Interest in freeway truck traffic has increased largely due to greater safety concerns regarding truck-related crashes. The negative interactions between slow-moving trucks and other vehicles are a primary cause of hazardous conditions, which lead to crashes with larger speed variations. To improve operational efficiency and safety, providing a climbing lane that separates slow-moving trucks from higher performance vehicles is frequently considered when upgrading geometrics. This study developed an operations strategy for freeway climbing lanes based on traffic conditions in real time. To consider traffic safety when designing a dynamic strategy to determine whether a climbing lane is closed or open, various factors, including the level of service (LOS) and the percentage of trucks, are investigated through microscopic simulations. A microscopic traffic simulator, VISSIM, was used to simulate freeway traffic streams and collect vehicle-maneuvering data. Additionally, an external application program interface, VISSIM's COM-interface, was used to implement the proposed climbing lane operations strategies. Surrogate safety measures (SSM), including the frequency of rear-end conflicts and, were used to quantitatively evaluate the traffic safety using an analysis of individual vehicle trajectories obtained from VISSIM simulations with various operations scenarios. It is expected that the proposed algorithm can be the backbone for operating the climbing lane in real time for safer traffic management.

OPTICAL PERFORMANCE OF BREADBOARD AMON-RA IMAGING CHANNEL INSTRUMENT FOR DEEP SPACE ALBEDO MEASUREMENT (심우주 지구 반사율 측정용 아몬라 가시광 채널의 광학 시스템 제조 및 성능 평가)

  • Park, Won-Hyun;Kim, Seong-Hui;Lee, Han-Shin;Yi, Hyun-Su;Lee, Jae-Min;Ham, Sun-Jung;Yoon, Jee-Yeon;Kim, Sug-Whan;Yang, Ho-Soon;Choi, Ki-Hyuk;Kim, Zeen-Chul;Lockwood, Mike;Morris, Nigel
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
    • /
    • v.24 no.1
    • /
    • pp.79-90
    • /
    • 2007
  • The AmonRa instrument, the primary payload of the international EARTHSHINE mission, is designed for measurement of deep space albedo from L1 halo orbit. We report the optical design, tolerance analysis and the optical performance of the breadborad AmonRa imaging channel instrument optimized for the mission science requirements. In particular, an advanced wavefront feedback process control technique was used for the instrumentation process including part fabrication, system alignment and integration. The measured performances for the complete breadboard system are the RMS 0.091 wave(test wavelength: 632.8 nm) in wavefront error, the ensquared energy of 61.7%($in\;14\;{\mu}m$) and the MTF of 35.3%(Nyquist frequency: $35.7\;mm^{-1}$) at the center field. These resulting optical system performances prove that the breadboard AmonRa instrument, as built, satisfies the science requirements of the EARTHSHINE mission.

Detection and Type-Distribution of Human Papillomavirus in Vulva and Vaginal Abnormal Cytology Lesions and Cancer Tissues from Thai Women

  • Ngamkham, Jarunya;Boonmark, Krittika;Phansri, Thainsang
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • v.17 no.3
    • /
    • pp.1129-1134
    • /
    • 2016
  • Vulva and Vaginal cancers are rare among all gynecological cancers worldwide, including Thailand, and typically affect women in later life. Persistent high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is one of several important causes of cancer development. In this study, we focused on HPV investigation and specific type distribution from Thai women with abnormality lesions and cancers of the vulva and Vaginal. A total of ninety paraffin-embedded samples of vulva and Vaginal abnormalities and cancer cells with histologically confirmed were collected from Thai women, who were diagnosed in 2003-2012 at the National Cancer Institute, Thailand. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and enzyme immunoassay with GP5+/bio 6+ consensus specific primers and digoxigenin-labeled specific oligoprobes, respectively. The human ${\beta}$-globin gene was used as an internal control. Overall results represented that HPV frequency was 16/34 (47.1%) and 8/20 (40.0%) samples of vulva with cancer and abnormal cytology lesions, respectively, while, 3/5 (60%) and 16/33 (51.61%) samples of Vaginal cancer and abnormal cytology lesions, respectively, were HPV DNA positive. Single HPV type and multiple HPV type infection could be observed in both type of cancers and abnormal lesion samples in the different histological categorizes. HPV16 was the most frequent type in all cancers and abnormal cytology lesions, whereas HPV 18 was less frequent and could be detected as co-infection with other high risk HPV types. In addition, low risk types such as HPV 6, 11 and 70 could be detected in Vulva cancer and abnormal cytology lesion samples, whereas, all Vaginal cancer samples exhibited only high risk HPV types; HPV 16 and 31. In conclusion, from our results in this study we suggest that women with persistent high risk HPV type infection are at risk of developing vulva and Vaginal cancers and HPV 16 was observed at the highest frequent both of these, similar to the cervical cancer cases. Although the number of samples in this study was limited and might not represent the overall incidence and prevalence in Thai women, but the baseline data are of interest and suggest further study for primary cancer screening and/or developing the efficiency of prophylactic HPV vaccines in Thailand.

Spatial Extension of Runoff Data in the Applications of a Lumped Concept Model (집중형 수문모형을 활용한 홍수유출자료 공간적 확장성 분석)

  • Kim, Nam Won;Jung, Yong;Lee, Jeong Eun
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
    • /
    • v.46 no.9
    • /
    • pp.921-932
    • /
    • 2013
  • Runoff data availability is a substantial factor for precise flood control such as flood frequency or flood forecasting. However, runoff depths and/or peak discharges for small watersheds are rarely measured which are necessary components for hydrological analysis. To compensate for this discrepancy, a lumped concept such as a Storage Function Method (SFM) was applied for the partitioned Choongju Dam Watershed in Korea. This area was divided into 22 small watersheds for measuring the capability of spatial extension of runoff data. The chosen total number of flood events for searching parameters of SFM was 21 from 1991 to 2009. The parameters for 22 small watersheds consist of physical property based (storage coefficient: k, storage exponent: p, lag time: $T_l$) and flood event based parameters (primary runoff ratio: $f_1$, saturated rainfall: $R_{sa}$). Saturated rainfall and base flow from event based parameters were explored with respect to inflow at Choongju Dam while other parameters for each small watershed were fixed. When inflow of Choongju Dam was optimized, Youngchoon and Panwoon stations obtained average of Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) were 0.67 and 0.52, respectively, which are in the satisfaction condition (NSE > 0.5) for model evaluation. This result is showing the possibility of spatial data extension using a lumped concept model.