• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine food safety practices and procedures based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system and to suggest more effective method of HACCP implementation in meat packaging industry in Korea. We used the non-compliance rate of each evaluation item to compare the weak points of prerequisite requirements and HACCP. The prerequisite items related to facility, equipment, and tools showed inadequate level of requirements or unsanitary conditions for proper HACCP operation. A lack of understanding of sanitation standard operation procedures was identified as a fundamental barrier to HACCP implementation. High rate of non-compliance in HACCP items compared to prerequisite requirements signify that small businesses have potential difficulties of applying HACCP due to lack of technical expertise, financial resources for prerequisite requirements, and available personnel to prepare and operate HACCP plan. Also we suggest to revise and minimize current critical control points (CCPs). Time-temperature control of cold-storage rooms for carcasses and final products could be performed by control points of prerequisite requirements. As the occurrence frequency getting lower, metal detector should be replaced by intensified training of sanitary handling and safety procedure. This will be more effective and preventive measures against physical contaminants including metal particles. In conclusion, control point of prerequisite requirement may replace CCP in the plant with simple processing line and no heating process such as meat packaging industry.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.290-298
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• 2009

This paper proposes a novel process which can develop the system requirements in defense R&D programs. As the weapon systems become more complicated, the success and effectiveness of R&D outcome heavily depend on the application and tailoring of systems engineering process and methods. And, the accuracy and quality of system requirements are essential prerequisite to leverage the systems engineering process. To produce the artifacts of systems engineering such as OCD, ORD, and the systems requirements, the system user can write out requirement document using the proposed implementation process and templates without expending heavy work loads.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.252-255
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• 2005

The effort to realize the concept of stratospheric airship, which can fly at about 20km altitude, has been persevered since late 1980's. Referring to the feasibility study of ensuring the flight duration of the airship over 1year, total weight is about 30 tons, the length is about 200m. There are lots of key technologies to be solved to develop the system, and one of the essential prerequisite technologies is regenerative fuel cell system. In this paper, design requirement of regenerative fuel cell system is introduced with the feasibility study results of the challenging stratospheric airship.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.48-61
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• 2011

Mechanical engineering curriculum has been studied through curriculum tree model and requirement of prerequisite courses. We analyze curriculum, curriculum system, course outcomes, design education of mechanical engineering programs in korean and foreign universities and present results to improve current curricular system. Current study would analyze, develop, and help mechanical engineering programs to prepare better curriculum for engineering education accreditation, to maintain accreditation. Through this analysis we try to provide reasonable model curriculum structure, prerequisite courses and necessary information about establishing various sub-major curriculum in mechanical engineering.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.275-280
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• 2001

DESIGNIN AND OPERATION OF DIGITAL EVIDENCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM APPLYING COMPUTER FORENSICS AND ELECTRONIC CERTIFICATION Digital evidence will be used as a term, which means the electronic form of information which is necessary to confirm or prove the factum of all kinds of behaviors committed through the devices which have data processing ability including computer. It is expected that there will be the increase of legal conflicts surrounding electronic commerce activities as well as the increase of cyber crimes, as the number of Internet users are getting bigger. In order to solve the problems of conflicts derived from electronic commerce, the factum of electronic commerce activities must be confirmed. In order to confirm the factum of electronic commerce activities, the evidence is prerequisite. Almost all evidences relating to the electronic commerce activities exist in digital form. For the reason that the digital evidence can be easily damaged and changed, special management is required to collect, analyze, and preserve the digital evidence. In order to meet this requirement, this study proposes a basic model of digital evidence management system applying computer forensics and electronic authentication.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.223-228
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• 2013

Cognitive radio has been recently considered a promising technology to improve spectrum utilization by enabling secondary access to licensed bands that are not used by primary users temporarily or spatially. A prerequisite to this secondary access is the lack of interference to the primary system. This requirement makes spectrum sensing a key process for cognitive radio. In this study, we consider amplify and forward (AF)-based cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks where multiple relay nodes are utilized to amplify and forward the primary user signal for better spectrum sensing, and maximum ratio combining is used for fusion detection by a cognitive coordinator. Further, the detection probability and the bit error rate of AF-based cooperative spectrum sensing are analyzed in fading multiple cognitive relay channels. The simulation results show that the AF-based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme outperforms the conventional scheme.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.461-467
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• 2011

Accurate classification of input signals is the key prerequisite for variable bit-rate coding, which has been introduced in order to effectively utilize limited communication bandwidth. Especially, recent surge of multimedia services elevate the importance of speech/music classification. Among many speech/music classifier, the ones based on support vector machine (SVM) have a strong selling point, high classification accuracy, but their computational complexity and memory requirement hinder their way into actual implementations. Therefore, techniques that reduce the computational complexity and the memory requirement is inevitable, particularly for embedded systems. We first analyze implementation of an SVM-based classifier on embedded systems in terms of execution time and energy consumption, and then propose two techniques that alleviate the implementation requirements: One is a technique that removes support vectors that have insignificant contribution to the final classification, and the other is to skip processing some of input signals by virtue of strong correlations in speech/music frames. These are post-processing techniques that can work with any other optimization techniques applied during the training phase of SVM. With experiments, we validate the proposed algorithms from the perspectives of classification accuracy, execution time, and energy consumption.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2002

There is great requirement on the TEM specimen preparation method with particle size selectivity as a prerequisite for the quantitative structure analysis on the materials such as gibbsite powder, which generally forms a large agglomerate and shows a variation of transition process depending on their sizes. In this experiment, we made an attempt to give a methodology for the TEM specimen preparation of powder with the size selectivity. After mixing 1 wt% gibbsite powder with ethanol solvent, gibbsite suspension was prepared by application of ball-milling and ultrasonification with addition of 0.25 vol% dispersion agent, Darvan C, which was diluted into distilled water by the ratio 1:19. Appling the static sedimentation method to gibbsite suspension after estimation of the sedimentation time by the measurement of accumulative concentration variation, we acquired TEM specimens with well-dispersed and size selected gibbsite particles in nm scale. Overall picture of each sample was taken by SEM and morphology of each dispersed particle was imaged by TEM. Raw and processed gibbsite powders were also examined by XRD to investigate whether they were suffered from phase change during the process or not.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2017

The task of improving a fungal strain is highly time-consuming due to the requirement of a large number of flasks in order to obtain a library with enough diversity. In addition, fermentations (particularly those for fungal cells) are typically performed in high-volume (100-250 ml) shake-flasks. In this study, for large and rapid screening of itaconic acid (IA) high-yielding mutants of Aspergillus terreus, a miniaturized culture method was developed using 12-well and 24-well microtiter plates (MTPs, working volume = 1-2 ml). These miniaturized MTP fermentations were successful, only when highly filamentous forms were induced in the growth cultures. Under these conditions, loose-pelleted morphologies of optimum sizes (less than 0.5 mm in diameter) were casually induced in the MTP production cultures, which turned out to be the prerequisite for the active IA biosynthesis by the mutated strains in the miniaturized fermentations. Another crucial factor for successful MTP fermentation was to supply an optimal amount of dissolved oxygen into the fermentation broth through increasing the agitation speed (240 rpm) and reducing the working volume (1 ml) of each 24-well microtiter plate. Notably, almost identical fermentation physiologies resulted in the 250 ml shake-flasks, as well as in the 12-well and 24-well MTP cultures conducted under the respective optimum conditions, as expressed in terms of the distribution of IA productivity of each mutant. These results reveal that MTP cultures could be considered as viable alternatives for the labor-intensive shake-flask fermentations even for filamentous fungal cells, leading to the rapid development of IA high-yield mutant strains.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.21.1-21.11
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• 2016

Background: The evaluation of suitable reference genes as normalization controls is a prerequisite requirement for launching quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR)-based expression study. In order to select the stable reference genes in abalone Haliotis discus hannai tissues (gill and hepatopancreas) under heavy metal exposure conditions (Cu, Zn, and Cd), 12 potential candidate housekeeping genes were subjected to expression stability based on the comprehensive ranking while integrating four different statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ${\Delta}CT$ method). Results: Expression stability in the gill subset was determined as RPL7 > RPL8 > ACTB > RPL3 > PPIB > RPL7A > EF1A > RPL4 > GAPDH > RPL5 > UBE2 > B-TU. On the other hand, the ranking in the subset for hepatopancreas was RPL7 > RPL3 > RPL8 > ACTB > RPL4 > EF1A > RPL5 > RPL7A > B-TU > UBE2 > PPIB > GAPDH. The pairwise variation assessed by the geNorm program indicates that two reference genes could be sufficient for accurate normalization in both gill and hepatopancreas subsets. Overall, both gill and hepatopancreas subsets recommended ribosomal protein genes (particularly RPL7) as stable references, whereas traditional housekeepers such as ${\beta}-tubulin$ (B-TU) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes were ranked as unstable genes. The validation of reference gene selection was confirmed with the quantitative assay of MT transcripts. Conclusions: The present analysis showed the importance of validating reference genes with multiple algorithmic approaches to select genes that are truly stable. Our results indicate that expression stability of a given reference gene could not always have consensus across tissue types. The data from this study could be a good guide for the future design of RT-qPCR studies with respect to metal regulation/detoxification and other related physiologies in this abalone species.