• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2019

Purpose: This study compared the pain-relieving effects of human milk, sucrose, and distilled water during examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. Methods: Forty-five preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive a pacifier dipped in one of three solutions: human milk (n=14), 24% sucrose (n=15), or distilled water (n=16), 2 minutes before an eye examination. Their pain score, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation were measured at three time points: 5 minutes before the examination, 30 seconds after speculum introduction, and 2 minutes after the examination. Results: The infants' mean gestational age and weight at birth were $33.1{\pm}2.1$ weeks and $1,842{\pm}470g$, respectively. There were no between-group differences in pain relief during the eye examination. The pain score significantly increased both during (p<.001) and after the examinations (p=.003). Oxygen saturation decreased during the examinations (p<.001); however, the infants in the 24% sucrose group showed higher oxygen saturation (p=.047) during the examinations than the infants in the other groups. Conclusion: Sucking on a pacifier dipped in human milk or 24% sucrose did not reduce the pain associated with eye examinations in preterm infants. Pacifiers dipped in sucrose can be used to maintain better oxygen saturation during these examinations.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.312-316
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• 2004

The paper presents a technique to identify the boundary of the optic disc in infant retinal digital images using an approach based on active contours (snakes). The technique can be used to be develop a automate system in order to help the ophthalmologist's diagnosis the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) disease which may occurred on preterm infant,. The optic disc detection is one of the fundamental step which could help to create an automate diagnose system for the doctors we use a new kind of active contour (snake) method has been developed by Chenyang et. al. [1], based on a new type of external force field, called gradient vector flow, or GVF. GVF is computed as a diffusion of the gradient vectors of a gray-level or binary edge map derived from the image. The testing results on a set of infant retinal ROP images verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods. We show that GVF has a large capture range and it's able to move snakes into boundary concavities of optic disc and finally the optic disk boundary was determined.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.321-325
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• 2004

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a common retinal neovascular disorder of premature infants. It can be characterized by inappropriate and disorganized vessel. This paper present a method for blood vessel detection on infant retinal images. The algorithm is designed to detect the retinal vessels. The proposed method applies a Lapalacian of Gaussian as a step-edge detector based on the second-order directional derivative to identify locations of the edge of vessels with zero crossings. The procedure allows parameters computation in a fixed number of operations independent of kernel size. This method is composed of four steps : grayscale conversion, edge detection based on LOG, noise removal by adaptive Wiener filter & median filter, and Otsu's global thresholding. The algorithm has been tested on twenty infant retinal images. In cooperation with the Digital Imaging Research Centre, Kingston University, London and Department of Opthalmology, Imperial College London who supplied all the images used in this project. The algorithm has done well to detect small thin vessels, which are of interest in clinical practice.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing on the early treatment of children with developmental disability. Data was collected from 102 mothers of children with developmental disability who were treated at 4 rehabilitation facilities in Kyunggi-Do and Kangwon-Do. The results were as follows: 1) Of a total of 102, 63 children began to receive rehabilitation therapy during the period 0~12 months (early treatment group), 38 children after 1 year of age (delayed early treatment group). 2) There were statistically significant differences between the early treatment group and delayed early treatment group for prematurity, low birth weight, the time to discover developmental abnormalities, the time of first diagnosis, and first treatment (p<0.05). 3) There were no statistically significant differences in the two groups for level of education, economic status, risk factors (except prematurity and birth weight), home care, family's cooperation and commuting time (p>0.05). Based on this study, the important factors for early treatment were early detection, early diagnosis and constant follow-up for high-risk babies.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 1998

Prematurity is the main cause for respiratory disorders in neonates. The goal in respiratory management is to maintain respiration with adequate oxygenation. Chest vibration(CV) prior to on dotracheal suctioning(ETS) has been arbitrarily applied to ventilated premature infants without the scientific evaluation of its safety and efficacy. A repeated measure within subjects experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of CV prior to 875 on oxygenation and lung secretions in twenty-one ventilated premature infants. The independent variable was the type of research protocol, the control type (275 without C.V) and t he intervention(ETS with CV). The dependent variables were oxygen saturation(SpO₂), heart rate (HR), measured by pulse oximeter, and the amount of lung secretions measured in gram. The results showed there was no difference in SpO₂ responses regardless CV employed before ETS. But there was a significant difference in HR responses between the control and the intervention, even without clinical significance. There was a significant difference in the amount of lung secretions retrieved during ETS with CV, compared to ETS without CV. This study suggested the safety of CV by demonstrating no clinically significant changes in SpO₂ and HR in premature infants. The efficacy of CV could be supported by the increases in the amount of sputum during ETS with CV compared to ETS without CV in premature infants.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.261-268
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of questionable development according to developmental screening testing for children, and to explore biological and environmental risk factors of developmental delays. Method: The study participants were 153 children under two years of age. A questionnaire and Home Observation for measurement of the Environment (HOME) inventory were used to collect data, and Korean Denver II was administered. Results: The overall prevalence of questionable development was 11.1%. Significant differences in biological factors between the normal development group and questionable development group were the rate of prematurity, twins, the educational level of mother and father's and the presence of an illness in the mother (p<.10). Maternal acceptance in HOME was significantly different between the two groups. The factors related to questionable development that were significant in the logistic regression analysis were prematurity (OR=3.56, p=.026), and maternal acceptance in HOME score (OR=.629, p=.028). Conclusion: Early developmental screening tests seem necessary for all children, especially for prematurely born children. Also, child rearing environments were identified as significant factors in the development of all children. These findings suggest that the HOME scores might be useful in identifying children at risk for developmental delays, and that interventions for these children will probably be more effective if their mothers are helped to provide a more appropriate social environment.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.345-352
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• 2018

Purpose: The study was conducted to measure stratum corneum hydration (SCH) and pH (SCP) in high-risk newborns in the early postnatal period and to explore the features related to patterns of change in those parameters. Methods: SCH and SCP were measured on the dorsal hand in 99 hospitalized newborns during the first 14 days of life and the results were analyzed using a general linear model. Results: The mean hydration was 42.9% on day 1, which decreased to 34.6% by 2 weeks (F=15.61, p=<.001). An association was observed between SCH and prematurity (F=21.12, p<.001), as well as for their interaction (F=8.11, p<.001). The mean SCP was $6.2{\pm}0.3$ on day 1, and decreased to $5.7{\pm}0.2$ (F=95.75, p<.001), with no association with prematurity. After adjusting for birth weight, SCH was higher in newborns with vaginal delivery (F=9.07, p=.023) and who received phototherapy (F=11.81, p=.011). For SCP, only delivery type had a significant influence (F=6.40, p=.044). Conclusion: This study suggests that SCH is typically in the 30% range during the early postnatal period, and that an acid mantle on the SC surface is very unlikely to form; these findings could be applied to the nursing process for promoting skin integrity in high-risk neonates.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors and effects of fluctuations in oxygen saturation on the occurrence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: From January 1, 2013 to January 31, 2020, 260 patients hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Ajou University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Sixty-six patients (25%) were diagnosed with ROP; of them 39 required treatment. In the multivariate regression analysis of ROP severity, the odds ratio (OR) of gestational age was 0.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22 to 0.47; P<0.0001). The OR of saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO₂) fluctuations at the 4th week after birth was 1.02 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.12; P=0.041). Conclusion: SpO₂ fluctuations in premature infants younger than 30 weeks' gestational age affects ROP severity, especially at the 4th week of life.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2009

Purpose : This study aimed to determine the influence of low-dose oxygen ($FiO_2$ <25%) therapy through nasal cannulae on the progress and prognosis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) as well as methods of preventing ROP. Methods : Our subjects comprised premature infants (gestation period <37 weeks; birth weight <1,750 g) born in Daegu Fatima Hospital between February 1, 2001 and January 31, 2006. We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the medical records of 273 patients who were available for eye examination and follow up over 6 months. Results : The factors maximally influencing the occurrence of ROP were low gestation age and low birth weight. We observed that the incidence of ROP increased with the increasing duration of low-dose oxygen therapy. ROP onset was delayed during ongoing oxygen therapy; however, rapid progression of ROP occurred after the discontinuation of oxygen therapy among premature infants up to the prethreshold stage. Conclusion : To prevent of occurrence of severe ROP and its rapid progression, the period of low-dose oxygen therapy needs to be shortened. Moreover, frequent eye examinations should be performed after the discontinuation of oxygen therapy.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.115-126
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• 1994

The recent availability of recombinant human erythropoietin has opened new perspectives in the management of a variety of anemias. Clinical trials have been initiated in several countries using different approaches and methodology. We randomly assigned twelve premature infants(gestational age < 32 week) at high risk of requiring erythrocyte transfusion for anemia of prematurity with either subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin or a placebo. Treatment with rHuEPO was initiated at a dose of 100 units/kg day for 3 days a week. All patients were given supplemental oral iron therapy at a dose of 3 mg/kg per day, as tolerated and oral vitamin E at a dose of 25 units per day. Treated and control babies did not differ with respect to weight, hematocrit, overall mean reticulocyte count or rate of growth respectively. However, reticulocyte counts increased earlier in patients given rHuEPO. We conclude that rHuEPO administration is safe and feasible at the dose studied.