Child Health Nursing Research

Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing (한국아동간호학회)
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Comparison of the Pain-relieving Effects of Human Milk, Sucrose, and Distilled Water during Examinations for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

  • Jang, Eun Kyung (Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Severance Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Hyejung (College of Nursing.Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University) ;
  • Jo, Keum Sik (Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Severance Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Sung Mi (Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Severance Hospital) ;
  • Seo, Hyun Jin (Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Severance Hospital) ;
  • Huh, Eun Joo (Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Severance Hospital)
  • Received : 2019.02.12
  • Accepted : 2019.07.05
  • Published : 2019.07.31
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Abstract

Purpose: This study compared the pain-relieving effects of human milk, sucrose, and distilled water during examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. Methods: Forty-five preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive a pacifier dipped in one of three solutions: human milk (n=14), 24% sucrose (n=15), or distilled water (n=16), 2 minutes before an eye examination. Their pain score, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation were measured at three time points: 5 minutes before the examination, 30 seconds after speculum introduction, and 2 minutes after the examination. Results: The infants' mean gestational age and weight at birth were $33.1{\pm}2.1$ weeks and $1,842{\pm}470g$, respectively. There were no between-group differences in pain relief during the eye examination. The pain score significantly increased both during (p<.001) and after the examinations (p=.003). Oxygen saturation decreased during the examinations (p<.001); however, the infants in the 24% sucrose group showed higher oxygen saturation (p=.047) during the examinations than the infants in the other groups. Conclusion: Sucking on a pacifier dipped in human milk or 24% sucrose did not reduce the pain associated with eye examinations in preterm infants. Pacifiers dipped in sucrose can be used to maintain better oxygen saturation during these examinations.

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References

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