• Research in Mathematical Education
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2015

The study investigated pre-service teachers' knowledge and computational skills by using Triangular Arithmagon. Participants included 90 pre-service teachers from two schools in the United States and Taiwan. The Triangular Arithmagons Test (TAT) was used to measure pre-service teachers' performance in whole number, fractions, and decimals operations (i.e., addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division), each of which included level-1 (basic) and level-2 (advanced) tests. MANOVA analysis was performed to compare the performance between teachers from the United States and Taiwan. Results indicated that overall, pre-service teachers in Taiwan outperformed those in the United States, especially on the advanced-level tests. Pre-service teachers in the United States were found to have poor ability of solving complex operation problems. Different curriculum plans and teaching methods may lead to the performance gap between the two countries.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.541-544
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• 1992

Duck eggs from Indigenous (desi), Khaki Campbell and Crossbred (Indian Runner $\times$ Khaki Campbell, $F_1$) were incubated to investigate fertility, hatchability and other related traits. The fertility was highest in crossbred followed by Khaki Campbell and Indigenous ducks respectively. The embryonic mortality was highest in Khaki Campbell followed by Indigenous and crossbred respectively. The embryonic mortality was higher in eggs of 7 days pre-incubation holding period and lower in eggs of 3 days pre-incubation holding period. A significant positive correlation was found between temperature and embryonic mortality as well as relative humidity and embryonic mortality. The hatchability on fertile eggs was highest in crossbred ducks and almost similar in both Khaki Campbell and Indigenous ducks. The hatchability was higher in eggs stored for 3 days in comparison with that of 7 days pre-incubation holding period. A negative correlation was found between temperature and hatchability as well as humidity and hatchability. The normal ducklings hatched out from the eggs of Khaki Campbell ducks was highest followed by Indigenous and crossbred respectively. There was a negative correlation between temperature and normal ducklings hatched as well as relative humidity and normal ducklings hatched. The preincubation holding temperature and relative humidity had positive correlation with dead-in-shell.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.114-127
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• 1999

In order to care the persons who are dying a nurse should first solve her / his own conflicts about death. and be aware of their own concepts of death and dying. In order to find out patient's spiritual needs and to give better spiritual nursing care. a nurse should know her / his own spiritual needs and be aware of their own concepts of spiritual nursing problems. To improve nurse's understanding towards death and dying and nurse's knowledge towards spiritual needs and spiritual nursing care. 14 weeks(two hours a week) spiritual nursing care education was given to 3th grade baccalaureate nursing college student. Before and after spiritual nursing care education. 30 items of prepared questionare focused on the attitudes toward death and dying was asked. Pre and post results are as follow ; 1. The dying patient's emotional and physical needs. There was no significant difference between pre and post educated groups. Both of the situations. they agreed upon$(69.64\%)$ that the dying patients have high emotional and physical needs to solve. 2. Telling the truth of dying process. There was no significant difference between pre educated group$(53.33\%)$ and post educated group$(55.95\%)$. 3. Attitudes of medical personnels. There was no significant difference between pre$(51.49\%)$ and post educated groups $(53.87\%)$. These responses indicate that nursing college student didn't have enough experiences on dying patients care. 4. General attitudes on death and dying. Number of nursing students who were thinking positively toward death and dying were Increased (pre $39.68\%$. post $45.44\%$) and who were thinking negatively toward death and dying were also decreased (pre $37.30\%$. post $33.93\%$). 5. Attitudes toward mechanical assistance for life-expanding of helpless patient. There was a significant difference between pre and post educated groups. About $34.13\%$ of them approved upon mechanical assistance for life and about $33.14\%$ of them disapproved. 6. Attitudes of family members of dying patient. There was no significant difference between pre and post educated groups. About $45.24\%$ of both groups, agreed upon that the family members feel annoyed with dying patients and about $22.42\%$ of both groups disagreed. Whether they received the spiritual nursing education or not, they were aware of that the family members feel annoyed with dying patients. 7. Special facility and educational preparation for dying patient. There was a significant difference between pre$(82.14\%)$ and post$(90.87\%)$ educated groups. These responses indicated that after they received the education, they felt more about the necessity of special facility and educational preparation for the death and dying patients. 8. Special facility and welfare system for the old. There was a significant difference between pre$(58.33\%)$ and post$70.64\%$ educated groups. There responses indicated that after they received the education, they felt more about the necessity of special facility and welfare systems for the old.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2019

Leaves of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai are used in folk medicine for their anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and diuretic properties. To ensure efficient utilization of S. quelpaertensis leaf, we previously reported a preparation method for phytochemical-rich extract (PRE) using the leaf residue, which was produced after hot water extraction. This study was undertaken to evaluate the hypouricemic potential of S. quelpaertensis leaf PRE in potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemic mice. The administration of PRE significantly reduced serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine levels and increased urine UA and creatinine levels in the PO-induced hyperuricemic mice. It also reduced liver UA levels and xanthine oxidase (XA) activity. A histological analysis revealed that PRE administration protected against PO-induced liver damage, pointing to anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects in PO-induced hyperuricemic mice. We analyzed the transcriptome response to PRE administration in PO-induced hyperuricemic mice using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in kidney tissues. The administration of PRE mainly enriched genes involved in mediating immune and inflammatory responses and the metabolic pathway. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the metabolic pathway, purine metabolism, and antibody biosynthesis were the major pathways altered in the PRE and PO groups. These results suggest a potential role for PRE in the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia with inflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.129-142
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to identify education expenditure and to analyze contributing factors to total education expenditure for two children among married couples. For these purposes, total sample of 1,256 married couples those having two children of both pre-school aged and school aged were selected, and total sample was divided into four groups by first child's school aged; those were pre-school aged(375), elementary school aged(385), middle & high school aged(248) & college aged(248). Statistics used for the analysis were frequencies, means, percentile, and tobit and OLS analysis. The results were as follows. First, the households those having the first child of pre-school aged didn't spent for public education expenditure, while public education xpenditure of school aged increased continuously. The households having the first child of high school aged spent the most private education expenditure among four groups, however, total education expenditure of the households having the first child in college aged spent the most education expenditure were household head's age, family size, home ownership and financial asset amount, and elementary school-aged's factors were household head's age, education level, home ownership and total household income. Also, household head's education level, wife's expectation of future economy, residence, total household income had significant effects on total education expenditure in middle and high school-aged, and household head's job, home ownership, contact with neighborhood, residence and Engel's coefficient were significant variables in college aged.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2023

This study analyzes the tasks selected and implemented by pre-service mathematics teachers to support students' development of epistemic actions. Data was collected from 20 students who participated in a mathematics education curriculum theory course during one semester, and multiple data sources were used to gather information about the microteaching sessions. The study focused on the tasks selected and demonstrated during microteaching by pre-service teachers. The results suggest that providing students with a variety of learning opportunities that engage them in different combinations of abductive and deductive epistemic actions is important. The tasks selected by pre-service teachers primarily focused on understanding concepts, calculation, and reasoning. However, the use of engineering tools may present challenges as it requires students to engage in two epistemic actions simultaneously. The study's findings can inform the development of more effective approaches to mathematics education and can guide the development of teacher training programs.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to provide the basic data for clothing construction of pre-school children by the result of the analyses and classifications of children's upper body somatotypes. The objects of this study are the bodies of 220 male pre-school children from 3 to 6 years old. The method of anthropometric measurement is the direct and photographic measurement. After analysing the measurements, 7 factors were extracted and the factors were applied to the cluster analysis. As the results, the 4 types were classified. Type 1 was characterized by the shortest and normal body one among these four types. This type showed the forward-curved back, the projected abdomen, and the fallen shoulders. Type 2 was characterized by the normal height and the fattest body type. Type 3 was characterized by the slimmest body and the shorter height type. Type 4 was characterized by the tallest and normal body with the rising shoulders.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

The purpose of this current study was to examine the effects of nutrition and food safety management support by the Center for Children's Foodservice Management (CCFSM) in foodservice facilities for children in the Ulsan area. From December 2014 to July 2015, the status of nutrition practices and hygiene practices was assessed by dietitians using nutrition and hygiene practice checklists. The subjects of study were 48 institutional foodservice facilities for children. Some nutrition practice items showed significant increases in average scores of 'using CCFSM menus (P<0.001), revising menus (P<0.05), and reconfirm menus (P<0.01)' from pre-support to post-support. Regarding hygiene practices, some items between pre-support to post-support showed significant increases in average scores of 'having equipment for hand washing & disinfecting' (P<0.01), 'wearing disinfected clothing for kitchen hygienically' (P<0.05), 'proper sterilization' (P<0.05), 'recording the origin of ingredients' (P<0.01), 'use of different knives/cutting boards' (P<0.05), and 'an appropriate thawing process' (P<0.05) from pre-support to post-support. Based on the above results, we found that nutrition and hygiene management support by CCFSM in foodservice facilities for children had a positive influence on status of some nutrition and food safety practices.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.738-744
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• 2018

Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai is a native Korean plant that grows only on Mt. Halla of Jeju Island. Its leaf is used for a popular bamboo tea due to its various health-promoting properties, and it has been increasingly used as food and cosmetic ingredients. To utilize the S. quelpaertensis leaf efficiently, the preparation method for phytochemical-rich extract (PRE) using the leaf's residue was previously reported, which was produced after hot water extraction. This study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of PRE and its solvent fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction of PRE (EPRE) showed higher DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide radical scavenging activities, and it effectively inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. EPRE also induced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by increasing the level of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in a nuclear fraction. The inhibiting effect of EPRE on LPS-induced NO production was partially reversed by the HO-1 inhibitor (zinc protoporphyrin, ZPP), suggesting that HO-1 is involved in suppressing NO production. Taken together, the results suggest that EPRE has potential as a promising anti- oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

This research was carried out to find the mordant effect of Chestnut's inner skin on the cow leather dyed by Turmeric powder. The best proper mordanting conditions were examined by changing mordant method, concentration, temperature, bath ratio, time, and repetition. Also dyeability and surface color changes were evaluated by various mordanting methods. The optimum mordanting conditions of chestnut's inner skin extract on the cow leather were pre mordant, 80%, $50^{\circ}C$, 50:1, 40minutes, 4 repetition. The K/S values as a mordant were higher in pre mordant than post mordanting condition. Although the ${\Delta}E$ was slightly higher in post mordant than pre mordant, it was too small to find any means. The surface colors of all dyed cow leathers were yellow. Among light, dry cleaning, and abrasion fastnesses, only light fastness was increased one degree, others were same degrees.