• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of imagery therapy on "coping mechanism and type C personality of the women with mastectomy. To achieve this purpose, 2 hours sessions of imagery therapy were given to the patients with breast cancer twice a week for 6 weeks. The period of data collection was from July, 7th to August, 12th 2002. The participants were 30 patients, 15 experimental group, 15 control group who were treated at the G University hospital in J City. This study was designed using a quasi-experimental approach with non-equivalent Pre test-Post test Design. The themes for the Imagery Therapy Program were composed of Leuner's(1969) 12 Imagery Themes: flower, green-field, stream, mountain, house, woods, significant figures, rose, lion, ideal self-image, cave and volcano. The data were analyzed with ${\chi}2-test$ and MANOVA using the SPSS program. The course of image change of the 12 imagery themes was analyzed by content analysis. The results of this study are as follows: First Hypothesis, 'The score of type C personality in the women with mastectomy who received imagery therapy will be significantly lower than that of the control group' was supported(p<.05). Second Hypothesis, 'The score of coping mechanism' in the women with mastectomy who received imagery therapy will be significantly higher than that of the control group' was rejected. In conclusion, imagery therapy is suggested as an effective nursing intervention to change type C personality of the women with mastectomy, but not effective to improve coping mechanism. Therefore, the program for the women with mastectomy should be developed to change their coping mechanism, method of problem solving and Quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.381-405
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• 1999

The primary purpose of this study is to design and perform juvenile group program and. to evaluate the effectiveness of that program The group was consisted of 10 fourth-grade elementary school boys who have had such factors that might force themselves to be delinquent, for example, broken family, having delinquent siblings or friends, family violence, and etc. The group had been held once a week and continued for 5 months. The effectiveness of that program is evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively through goal-attainment model. The ultimate goal of this program is reduction of delinquency stimulating factors which are operationalized with overall self-esteem - family related self-esteem, friend related self-esteem, and school related self-esteem. Quantitative evaluation is performed by pre- and post-test with Hare Self-Esteem Scale. Case records, family records, group activities records, and reports from schools are analyzed for the qualitative evaluation. According to paired samples t-test scores, average overall self-esteem scores of experimental group members were escalated from 67.57 to 74.86, and this difference between pre-test and post-test was statistically significant. Difference of experimental group was bigger and more striking than that of control group. These results suggest that designed and performed group program in this study would be effective in preventing juvenile from being delinquent.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.633-644
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of phytoncide Aroma inhalation and exercise combination therapy on the college life stress, mood state and sleep pattern of the university students. Participants were 72 college students of four groups of Phytoncide Aroma Inhalation group(n=18), Exercise group(n=17), Phytoncide Aroma Inhalation and exercise combination therapy group(n=17), control group(n=20). Research subjects pre-test(0week), mid-test(6week), post-test(12week) measurement was made equally on college life stress, mood state and sleep pattern. As a result, mood status, college life satisfaction and sleep scores were improved in all groups except the control group. Especially, phytoncide inhalation and exercise combination therapy group showed the greatest change in scores.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.11-24
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to develop a Marriage Enrichment Program that can be applied to the actual lives of Korean families and couples, as well as adopted in family welfare programs. For this study, a quasi-experimental group design was employed and pre- and post- tests on Internal-External Control, Couple Communication, and Marital Satisfaction were conducted. Experimental participants consisted of six volunteer couples who responded to an advertisement by the Chonbuk Family Counseling Center printed in a daily newspaper. The experimental group received two hours of education on marital relationship enhancement every week for eight weeks. The control group received no such treatment. The effectiveness of the education was measured by Wilcox matched pair test, using a SAS program, as well as by the self-report of the participants. The results show that there was statistically significant improvement for the experimental group in all three areas of marriage-- internal control, couple communication, and marital satisfaction. In addition, the participants'evaluations were generally positive about the program. The participants reported that it was most helpful to learn through the educational program that individuals differ in basic needs and that they should not force personal beliefs on others. They also reported that their understanding of their spouse improved.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.550-561
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the short term effects of early intervention on alcohol knowledge, alcohol expectancies, drinking refusal self-efficacy for alcoholism prevention in adults and to examine its applicability in the field. This study was a non-equivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design. The participants were currently working, and were 12-25 points on result of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test(AUDIT). The participants were a total of 25 men: 13 in the intervention group and 12 in the control group. The intervention group participated in early intervention program once a week for 4 weeks and the control group received only a booklet of alcohol related information. A chi-square test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test were analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. The intervention group had significantly higher the alcohol knowledge(t=1.258, p= .002), the negative alcohol expectancies(t=-1.346, p= .042), and the drinking refusal self-efficacy(t=2.817, p= .010) than the control group. In the future, it is need to apply the criteria of problem drinkers considering cultural characteristics, recruitment of participants, and motivational enhancement intervention using motivational interviewing. Especially, web-based alcohol related information providing program will help raise awareness of problem drinking. Early intervention program needs to be applied in community settings where problem drinkers are easily accessible.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 2011

Purpose: This study is to evaluate the effect of abdominal breathing on postoperative pain, state anxiety, blood pressure, and heart rate of cardiac surgery patients treated in intensive care unit. Methods: A non-synchronized design of nonequivalent control group pre-post test was used. Participants were divided into an experimental group(n=22) and a control group(n=21). Just usual postoperative treatments were provided to the control group, while abdominal breathing interventions were provided to the experimental group, in addition to usual treatments. The intervention was consisted of 4 stages-introductions, breathing perception, breathing training, and closing-and it lasted twelve minutes in total. Pain, state anxiety, blood pressure and heart rate were the dependent variables of the abdominal breathing. Results: Those who carried out abdominal breathing showed a significant reduction in pain, as well as decrease of systolic blood pressure. However, it turned out to have no effect on state anxiety, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. Conclusion: Abdominal breathing is simple and harmless and is effective for reducing postoperative pain.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2014

Purpose: To improve the family functioning, fear of death and depression among the terminally ill cancer patients, the effects of letter as an independent nursing intervention were identified. Methods: Non-equivalent control group pre and post test design was used. Subjects were 60 patients and their family members who were hospitalized at hospice units of an university-affiliated hospital. Patients and their family members were encouraged to write a letter to each other at least 4 times for 2 weeks. Results: Family functioning, fear of death and depression in the experimental group were significantly more improved after intervention than those of control group, even depression of experimental group before intervention was worse than that of control group. Conclusion: Writing a letter to family members is worth to use as an independent nursing intervention for terminally ill patients. It is recommended that further study to identify the potential of letters as an independent nursing intervention is implemented for various patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.86-95
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of aroma hand massage on stress, fatigue, and sleep in sophomore nursing students. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group and a pre-post test was used. Thirty-seven sophomore nursing students were recruited. The experimental group (n=18) underwent 40 minutes aroma hand massage which was provided by the research assistant. The research assistant was trained with a video clip for aroma hand massage that was developed by Korea Aroma Association. Aroma oil contained lavender essential oil and sweet orange oil mixed with a jojoba oil base. The control group (n=19) did not receive any other treatments related aroma and massage. Results: Significant improvements were exhibited in scores for stress (t=-2.61, p=.013) and fatigue in the experimental group (t=-2.05, p=.047) compared to the control group. However, differences in sleep between two groups were not statistically significant (t=1.23, p=.277) between two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that aroma hand massage could be useful to decrease stress and fatigue levels for sophomore nursing students. Therefore, results of this study can be used as a basis of health care programs for reducing stress of nursing students.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.305-313
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• 2019

This study was a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent pre-post test that verified the effect of formative feedback practice on practice satisfaction, learning motivation and academic self efficacy for nursing students. 37 were assigned to an intervention group and 41 to a control group. Formative feedback practice was applied to intervention group and peer review smartphone videos was applied to control group. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. There was no significant difference in learning motivation between the groups, but there were a significant difference in practice satisfaction(t=-2.79, p=.007) and academic self efficacy(t=2.30, p=.024) between the pre-post scores of the experimental group. This is meaningful in that it is more effective to provide formative feedback practice than to provide peer review smartphone videos. Therefore, it is necessary to consider formative feedback practice for the acquisition of core fundamental nursing skills of nursing students.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of VR training with FES on improving the muscle strength, AROM, and function of the upper limb joints in patients with chronic stroke. Methods : The present study makes use of a pre-post control group design. Thirty patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to two groups according to treatment method - the VRFES group and the control group. The VRFES group received 15 minutes of VR training and 15 minutes of FES treatment. The control group received 15 minutes of conservative physical therapy and 15 minutes of VR training. All subjects received 30 minutes of treatment, three times a week, for eight weeks, which amounted to 24 sessions of training. The muscle strength, AROM, and function of the upper extremities were measured before the training and eight weeks after. Upper limb muscle strength was tested using the Digital Manual Muscle Tester while AROM was measured using the Digital Dual Inclinometer. The clinical assessment tools for upper extremity function included the use of the Manual Function Test and the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test. Results : Both groups exhibited great improvements in muscle strength and upper extremity function during the intervention period. The VRFES group exhibited a significant difference in muscle strength, AROM, and function of the upper extremities in comparison with the control group(p<.05). Our results reveal that VRFES is more effective for the muscle strength, AROM, and function of the upper extremities in patients with chronic stroke. Conclusion : VRFES treatment will be used as an important intervention for improving the muscle strength, AROM, and function of the upper extremities in patients with chronic stroke and achieving the functional recovery of the upper extremities.