• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.606-617
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to develop a decision model that helps manufacturers and retailers determine the optimal timing of markdown in order to maximize their profit. An optimal timing decision model was developed based on three steps; conjoint measurement, scenario analysis and simulation. Data were collected from the sample of 149 out of 170 undergraduate and graduate students in Seoul in 1997. From the Jeans market, 8 brands; Levi's, lee, Guess, Calvin Klein, Pintos, Get used, MFG, and Basic, were selected as competitors for this study. In the conjoint measurement, respondents estimated the level of preference, from 1 to 100, for each item in which brand, price, style, and colors were used to explain product characteristics. Then, in order to reflect competitive situation in Jeans market, four types of scenarios were developed. In each scenario, simulations were applied to decide optimal timing of markdowns that leads to maximal profitability and sales volume. The profit was calculated based on the equation; Profit = Jean's market volume x market share of each brand - cost, where market volume was obtained by integral calculus for market utility function, and market share by logit value of part-worth from the conjoint analysis. For the purpose of the parsimony of the research, costs and the level of markdown were fixed to 30% of the regular price. In results, the optimal timing decision model identified 3 different types of brands. The brands that do not need to take markdown were Ievi's, MFG, and Basic Jeans characterized by the highest brand power and the highest price zone. The brands that needed to take early markdowns were Guess, Lee, Calvin Klein, and Get Used with the intermediate level of brand power and price. The brand that need late markdown was Pintos with the weakest brand power among the competitors and the lowest price. The optimal range of markdown remains for further research.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2018

This paper presents a structure of the retail electricity market based on the local pool with LDERP(Local Distributed Energy Resource Provider) for small energy prosumers. LDERP is an operator for the proposed market, which conducts performance measurement and settlement by the distribution plan determined through contract with participants. The trading process is designed similarly to the negawatt market. In the case study, the many-sided conditions of the proposed market are comparatively analyzed with the existing prosumer programs. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in determining the purpose of market operating for the benefit of participants according to the various situations.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.311-322
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• 2001

This study is on the decomposition analysis of the IT export of Korea, Japan, and China (toward US IT market) by using log mean Divisia method. The analysis shows that the increase in the Korea-US IT exports is the result of not only the increase in the US's IT imports but also the increase in the US's IT market shares. The increases in the Japan-US IT export have shown to be the result of the increase of US's IT import but the market shares have been decreased. The increase in the China-US IT export is the result of the changes in the market shares, changes in IT import structure. and the IT import increase. In order to increase exports toward US markets, Korea have to continue increasing the market share of communication equipments, secure competitive power toward US IT markets with the decline of Japanese's market shares, and secure technical superiority over rising competitive power of Chinas IT industry.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.484-489
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• 2004

When the energy resource available to a particular plant (be it coal, oil, gas, water, or nuclear fuel) is a limiting factor in the operation of the plant, the entire economic dispatch calculation must be done differently. Each economic dispatch calculation must account for what happened before and what will happen in the future. This paper presents a formulation and a solution method for the optimization problem with a fuel constraint in a competitive electricity market. Take-or- Pay (TOP) contract for an energy resource is the typical constraint as a limiting factor. Two approaches are proposed in this paper for modeling the dispatch calculation in a market mechanism. The approaches differ in the subject who considers and inserts the fuel-constraint into its optimization problem. Market operator and each power producer having a TOP contract are assumed as such subjects. The two approaches are compared from the viewpoint of profits. surplus. and social welfare on the basis of Nash Equilibrium.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.116-118
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• 2004

In the power industry after restructuring of Power industry will be appeared on-site type business, power retail sales business, and power wholesales business, power dealing business, customer inclination business ＆ delivery of power facilities. Among them, power trade business, customer inclination business and on-site type business will be rapidly increased and occupied attention. In addition, it is forecasted to advent the broker, provider, market place, power marketer, system operator and generator as a main player. Meanwhile, it needs protection of existing power industry and activation of new energy market for accomplishment of restructuring of power industry.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.219-219
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• 2017

This study aims at examining each firm's decision-makings of complex product and system (hereafter CoPS) innovation strategy, so that it tries to reveal the nature and role of CoPS innovations strategy. And it designed a comparative case study along with qualitative methods, by having two mobile operators' digital rights management (hereafter DRM) innovation in South Korea's digital music service industry. Through literature review, this study formulated three research propositions: (i) Each firm's decision-makings of CoPS innovations strategy are analytical negotiation process among economic actors in an industry; (ii) Each firm's market power originated from its market share from the installed base through network effect and switching cost influence decision-makings of CoPS innovation strategies; (iii) Each firm's decision-makings of different CoPS innovation strategies are related to their intension of achieving better market power, consequently dominant design. Through empirical examination of two mobile operators' decision-makings of DRM innovation strategy, this study empirically verified three research propositions.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.3A no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2003

The economic operation of a utility in a deregulated environment brings about optimization problems different from those in vertically integrated one［1］. While each utility operates its own generation capacity to maximize profit, the market operator (or system operator) manages and allocates all the system resources and facilities to achieve the maximum social welfare. This paper presents a sequential application of non-cooperative and cooperative game theories in analyzing the entire power transaction process.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.213-224
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• 2002

We've already living our lives in the 21s1 century. This century, even alone, means enormous changes and innovations. Namely, we have been encountering various forms of generation changes such as digital generation, globalization generation, consumer generation, and brand power generation. Among these, there have been extraordinary changes in consumers and the environment of consumer market, and it is noteworthy of paying attention to the transition of the leader of the consumer market from producers to consumers. Such changes will affect not only all fields related to market environment but also entire fields including future products and sales. Hereupon, it is intended to foresee and analyze the trend in the consumer market of the 21st century and investigate changes in the consumer market and the environment of consumers. Also, the world has brought a single space of economy along with globalization and the era of self-imposed competition, and multi-national enterprises have emerged and, at the same time, their brands can be seen around the world. Hence, they have been trying to maintain their own power brands for the century. In the past, brand meant the name of a product in general. But, in the present, it has another meaning such that the brand itself provides psychological satisfaction and trustworthiness. Hereupon, this study intends to foresee changes in the trend of the consumer market of the 21s1 century, to ,outlook the trend of the consumer market along with study of power brand strategies, and to pursue creative strategies for power brand.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.6_2
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• pp.1029-1036
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• 2022

The traditional outdoor advertising market has been stagnant recently, but the digital advertising market has been steadily increasing, and the digital signage market has been expanding despite the recent corona pandemic. However, in terms of hardware, new displays are required due to excessive power consumption, lack of visibility in sunlight, and continuous operating expenses. Since the e-paper display does not require a light emitting device therein, it is advantageous to solve above problems. In addition, it has the advantage of consuming power only when converting an image due to bistability, so it is suitable as hardware that implements images rather than moving pictures. Currently, one of the most successful examples of commercializing e-paper displays is ESL devices. According to a recent market study, the market for large-sized panels larger than 10 inches has grown at an annual rate of 21.6%, and the market is expected to exceed 30% by 2026. It is judged that it will be relatively easy to apply the roll-to-roll technology, which is currently developing the technology applied to OLED, to the e-paper display. Therefore, mass production technology and market expansion for ESL panel enlargement are expected, and a new market is also expected to be formed at the same time. New markets will be traffic signs, public displays, billboards, façades, kiosks, digital signage, and so on.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.379-384
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• 2002

In the competitive electricity market, various pricing methods are developed and practiced in many countries. Among these pricing methods, marginal loss factor(MLF) can be applied to reflect the marginal cost of network losses. For the calculation of MLF, power flow method has been used to calculate system loss deviation. However, this power flow method shows some shortcomings such as necessity of regional reference node, and absence of an ability to consider network constraints like line congestion, voltage limit, and generation output limit. The former defect might affects adversely to the equity of market participants and the latter might generate an inappropriate price signals to customers and generators. To overcome these defects, the utilization of optimal power flow(OPF) is suggested to get the system loss deviation in this paper. 30-bus system is used for the case study to compare the MLF results by the power flow and the OPF method for 24-hour dispatching and pricing, Generator payment and customer charge are compared with these two methods also. The results show that MLF by OPF reflects the power system condition more faithfully than that of by the conventional power flow method