• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.79-89
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• 2007

The effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing and dye fastness, and mechanical properties of hair was investigated in this study when the carotinoid dyestuffs extracted from African Marigold(Tagetes erecta L.) were applied to the hair. The sequences of the chitosan treatment were changed in dyeing and mordanting procedures, i.e., pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and post-treatment. While the effect of chitosan application on the color shade change was not significant, the pre-treatment of the chitosan increased the dye uptake. Discoloration and fading was observed in the lightfastness test when chitosan was mid-treated. Alkali perspiration and acid perspiration fastness test results showed that chitosan post-treatment gave lower tendency. Washing fastness results showed that chitosan post-treatment and mid-treatment gave lower values, which indicates that chitosan deters the direct formation of insoluble complex among fiber-dyestuff-mordant. In the mechanical characteristics results, however, initial modulus and breaking strength increased significantly in the post-treatment and pre-treatment of chitosan.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.566-572
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• 2013

This study aims to compared effect of balance between general walking exercise and power walking exercise. Twenty subjects were classified into two groups, general walking exercise(n=10) and power walking exercise(n=10). As a result, two group showed difference within the group and there is significant difference between two groups. 1) In compared static balance of sway area at pre-post test to exercise group, general walking exercise group did not change significantly. however, power walking exercise group did change significantly. and At sway distance, two group showed significant changes. 2) In compared Static balance between the groups sway area and sway path at pre-post test, two group showed significant changes. 3) In compared dynamic balance of center distance at pre-post test to exercise group, general walking exercise group was no significant difference in all directions. power walking exercise group was significant difference in all directions. 4) In compared dynamic balance between the groups sway area and sway path at pre-post test, there was no significant difference in leftward, rightward, forward directions and was significant difference in backward, overall direction. Therefore, power walking exercise can be recommended promote balance.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.23-38
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to identify the effects of pelvic tilting exercise on gait patterns of hemiplegic patients. The subjects of this study were 31 hemiplegic in- and out-patients of the Rehabilitation Hospital, Yonsei University Medical Center, from September 24, 1997 through November 5, 1997. Pre- and post-treatment change in gait patterns were measured using a ink foot-print. The data were analyzed by the paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and independent t-test. The findings were as follows: The difference in gait patterns between pre- and post-treatment was statistically significant, with an increase in gait velocity to 7.98 cm/sec post-treatment; an increase in cadence to 7.29 steps/min; a narrowing of the base of support to 1.33 cm; an increase in step length of 3.92 cm on the less affected side and 3.73 cm on the more affected side; an increase in stride length of 5.82 cm on the less affected side and 5.92 cm on the more affected side(statistically not significant in foot angle). In relation to sex, age, cause of stroke, and laterality of paralysis, the difference in gait patterns between pre- and post-treatment was not statistically significant. Where there was no significant difference of the effects of pelvic exercise regarding the degree of spasticity, the presence of a decrease in proprioception, and the duration of treatment. In conclusion, hemiplegic pelvic tilting exercise was found to have transmitting positive effect in improving gait patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.521-524
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• 2012

We report on variations of electrical properties with different active layer thickness and post-annealing temperature in amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). In particular, subthreshold swing (SS) of the IGZO-TFTs was improved as increasing the active layer thickness at an given post-annealing temperature, accompanying the negative shift in turn-off voltage. However, as increasing post-annealing temperature, only turn-off voltage was shifted negatively with almost constant SS value. The effect of the active layer thickness and post-annealing temperature on electrical properties, such as SS, field effect mobility and turn-off voltage in IGZO-TFTs has been explained in terms of the variation of trap density in IGZO channel layer and at gate dielectric/IGZO interface.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of preoperative information on postoperative state anxiety, plasma cortisol, and pain for patients under total knee arthroplasty, and to provide generic data with nursing intervention for total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Data were collected from 34 patients who had total knee arthroplasty from January 3, 2003 to January 15, 2004. An experiment group of 17 patients was provided with pre-operative information prepared by the researchers; a control group of another 17 patients was provided with general information. Data were analyzed through Chi-squared test, t-test, paired t-test and ANCOVA using SPSS WIN 11.0. Results: There was no significant differences between the experiment group and the control group in post operative state anxiety(p=.612). However, there was statistically a significant difference between the above two groups in post operative plasma cortisol(p=.012). There was a statistically significant difference between the above two groups in post operative pain(p=.041). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the authors concluded that the preoperative information for patients under total knee arthroplasty had the effect on the decrease of postoperative plasma cortisol and pain.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.339-349
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• 2009

An attempt has been made to assess whether the dose dependent effect of benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves on the morphological changes in the cauda epididymal spermatozoa and sperm parameters in male albino rats. Scanning Electron Microscope observations illustrate the disturbance in plasma membrane as well as acrosomal membrane. Most of the sperms appear morphologically abnormal in the mid region of the tail; there is formation of balloon like cytoplasmic droplet. Sperm parametric study exhibits decrease in the total sperm count, sperm motility, forward velocity and increase in the percentage of abnormal sperms in dose dependent manner on treatment benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves. The results suggest that the effects may have resulted from a general disturbance in the proteins and alteration in cauda epididymal milieu probably due to androgen deficiency consequent upon antiandrogenic property of Ocimum sanctum leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.451-458
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• 2012

PURPOSE: The purpose of present study was to determine effects of circuit class training (CCT) on the synthesis of central serotonin in people with post-stroke depression. METHODS: Forty patients with mild post-stroke depression were participated in current study. All subjects were assigned to two groups of CCT (circuit class training) group and SW (stretching and weight shifting) group. Both groups were performed for 80 minutes. The change of blood f-Trp, BCAAs, f-Trp/BCAAs and serotonin according to period training time were examined and the following results were obtained. RESULTS: In the CCT group, f-Trp, BCAAs, and f-Trp/BCAAs increased according to the time point. However, after 24 hour of circuit class training, all of these were significantly decreased by those before training. The change in blood levels of serotonin was the highest in immediately after the training in the CCT group while it was not changed significantly in the SW group. CONCLUSION: It can be seen that CCT can change the serotonin level and have an effect on the synthesis of central serotonin in people with post-stroke depression.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was aimed to develop a WBI(Web Based Instruction) program on safety for 6th grades of elementary school students and to test the effects of it. Method: The web site is http://www.safeschool.co.kr. The effect of it was tested from Mar 24, to Apr 30, 2003. The subjects were 150 students. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and $x^2$ test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. Result: In the knowledge of the safety precaution, the preliminary test was mean 17.8, immediate post-test was mean 20.9 and 4 weeks post-test was mean 20.9, there were significant differences statistically among three points of time. In the attitude of the safety precaution, the preliminary test was mean 75.1, the immediate post-test was mean 80.8 and 4 weeks post-test was mean 80.4, which showed significant difference statistically among three points of time. For the motive of learning to the safety precaution, it was significantly higher statistically in the WBI. As a result, the WBI group had totally longer effects on knowledge, attitude and motivation of the safety accident prevention than the textbook-based instruction. Conclusion: WBI program be used in each class to provide more effective safety instruction.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2018

Purpose - This study focused on the effect of counter-factual thinking on post-purchase behavior producing consumer regret at HMR selection and purchase. We have analyzed the factors that HMR production and distribution businesses should consider because distribution and marketing strategy reflecting consumers' demand. Research design, data, and methodology - For the purpose of carrying out this research, we conducted a direst structured questionnaire to students at 'J' college. A total of 237 valid questionnaires were collected for students and their parents at 'J' university. For the hypothesis test, exploratory factor analysis, t-test, regression and structure equation path analysis were performed. Results - The consumers who often resented HMR purchase did counter-factual thinking on post-purchase behavior were likely to do switching purchases. Counter-factual thinking on post-purchase behavior had a negative influence upon consumer's satisfaction with HMR safety and marketing characteristics. Conclusions - Consumers who had been satisfied to a certain degree might have cognitive dissonance of minor mistakes of HMR product were likely to have downward counter-factual thinking through contrast effects. Therefore, HMR producer and distribution businesses that had production, distribution and marketing strategy to satisfy consumers by raw material, freshness and safety were likely to switch to another product at one time mistake of selection, purchase and use.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-57
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• 2018

While there are lots of studies on examining the effects of social rapport in many research areas, however, there is a little work in examining the effect of the social rapport in social network service (SNS) contexts. Thus, this study attempts to examine the effect of social rapport in SNS settings. To address the research questions, this study has presented its hypotheses and conducted three experimental approaches by collecting 180 data from student subjects who have prior experiences on using SNSs to verify the hypotheses. This study has examined three experiments the effects of characteristics of Facebook(i.e. the number of mutual friends, the number of post likes, and the post personalities) on the social rapport and user responses. This study has conducted two-way ANOVA to verity its proposed research hypotheses. Based on three experiments, this study found that both the effects of the number of post likes and the number of post likes on the social rapport were not significant. Based upon empirical findings, this study has demonstrated how the effects of social rapports in SNSs were different from those of previous studies, and brought more attentions to the relevant literature.