• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.880-884
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• 2011

ZnO nanorods were grown by hydrothermal method. Two kinds of seed layers, Au film and island seed layers were prepared to investigate the effect of seed layer on ZnO nanorods. The ZnO nanorod on Au island seed layer has more unifom diameter and higher density compared to that of ZnO nanorod on Au film seed layer. The ZnO nanorods on Au island seed layer were annealed at various temperatures ranging from 300 to $850^{\circ}C$. The pinholes at the surface of the ZnO nanorods is formed as the annealing temperature is increased. It is noted that the pyramid structure on the surface of ZnO nanorod is observed at $850^{\circ}C$. The intensity of ZnO (002) diffraction peak in X-ray diffraction pattern and intensity of near band edge emission (NBE) peak in photoluminescence (PL) are increased as the ZnO nanorods were annealed at the temperature of $300^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.120-121
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• 2007

Nano-floating gate memory (NFGM) devices were fabricated by using the low temperature poly-Si thin films crystallized by ELA and the $In_2O_3$ nano-particles embedded in polyimide layers as charge storage. Memory effect due to the charging effects of $In_2O_3$ nano-particles in polyimide layer was observed from the TFT NFGM. The post-annealing in 3% diluted hydrogen $(H_2/N_2)$ ambient improved the retention characteristics of $In_2O_3$ nano-particles embedded poly-Si TFT NFGM by reducing the interfacial states as well as grain boundary trapping states.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2018

Using a vanadium dioxide ($VO_2$) source, highly pure and amorphous vanadium oxide (VO) thin films were deposited using an e-beam evaporator at room temperature and high vacuum (<$10^{-7}$ Torr). Then, by controlling the post-annealing conditions such as $N_2:O_2$ pressure ratio and annealing time, we could easily synthesize a homogeneous $VO_2$ thin film and also mixed-phase VO thin films, including $VO_2$, $V_2O_5$, $V_3O_7$, $V_5O_9$, and $V_6O_{13}$. The crystallinity and phase of these were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the surface morphology by FE-SEM. Moreover, the electrical properties and ethanol sensing measurements of the VO thin films were analyzed as a function of temperature. In general, mixed-phases as a self-doping effect have enhanced electrical properties, with a high carrier density and an enhanced response to ethanol. In summary, we developed an easy, scalable, and reproducible fabrication process for VO thin films that is a promising candidate for many potential electrical and optical applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.51-54
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• 2000

In this paper, $Ba_{0.5}$Sr$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$ thin films were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method. We investigated effect of deposition conditions (especially RF input power) on structural properties of BST thin films. Deposit conditions of BST films were set working gas ratio, Ar:O$_2$= 70 : 30, working pressure 10mTorr, and RF input power 25W, 50W, 75W and 100W. Post-annealing using rapid thermal annealing(RTA) performed at 45$0^{\circ}C$, 55$0^{\circ}C$, $650^{\circ}C$, and 75$0^{\circ}C$ in oxigen ambient for 60 sec, respectively. The structural properties of BST films on Pt/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si substrate analysed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).).).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.170-174
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• 2023

Nickel oxide is a nonstoichiometric transparent conductive oxide with p-type conductivity, a wide-band energy gap of 3.4~4.0 eV, and excellent chemical stability, making it a very important candidate as a material for bipolar devices. P-type conductivity in Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCO) is controlled by the oxygen vacancy concentration. During the TCO film deposition process, additional oxygen diffusing into the NiO structure causes the formation of Ni 3p ions and Ni vacancies. This eventually affects the hole concentration of the p-type oxide thin film. In this work, the surface morphology and the electrical characteristics were confirmed in accordance with the annealing atmosphere of the nickel oxide thin film.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.185-187
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• 2012

Ga doped ZnO (GZO)/copper (Cu) bi-layered film was deposited on glass substrate by RF and DC magnetron sputtering and then the effect of the Cu bottom layer on the optical, electrical and structural properties of GZO films were considered. As-deposited 100 nm thick GZO films had an optical transmittance of 82% in the visible wavelength region and a sheet resistance of 4139 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$, while the GZO/Cu film had optical and electrical properties that were influenced by the Cu bottom layer. GZO films with 5 nm thick Cu film show the lower sheet resistance of 268 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$ and an optical transmittance of 65% due to increased optical absorption by the Cu metallic bottom layer. Based on the figure of merit, it can be concluded that the thin Cu bottom layer effectively increases the performance of GZO films as a transparent and conducting electrode without intentional substrate heating or a post deposition annealing process.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.265-270
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• 2017

4H-SiC has attracted attention for high-power and high-temperature metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) for industrial and automotive applications. The gate oxide in the 4H-SiC MOS system is important for switching operations. Above $1000^{\circ}C$, thermal oxidation initiates $SiO_2$ layer formation on SiC; this is one advantage of 4H-SiC compared with other wide band-gap materials. However, if post-deposition annealing is not applied, thermally grown $SiO_2$ on 4H-SiC is limited by high oxide charges due to carbon clusters at the $SiC/SiO_2$ interface and near-interface states in $SiO_2$; this can be resolved via low-temperature deposition. In this study, low-temperature $SiO_2$ deposition on a Si substrate was optimized for $SiO_2/4H-SiC$ MOS capacitor fabrication; oxide formation proceeded without the need for post-deposition annealing. The $SiO_2/4H-SiC$ MOS capacitor samples demonstrated stable capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics, low voltage hysteresis, and a high breakdown field. Optimization of the treatment process is expected to further decrease the effective oxide charge density.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of annealing on the nanostructure and hardness of Co-Cr metal ceramic samples that were fabricated with a direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Five groups of Co-Cr dental alloy samples were manufactured in a rectangular form measuring $4{\times}2{\times}2$ mm. Samples fabricated by a conventional casting technique (Group I) and prefabricated milling blanks (Group II) were examined as conventional technique groups. The DMLS samples were randomly divided into three groups as not annealed (Group III), annealed in argon atmosphere (Group IV), or annealed in oxygen atmosphere (Group V). The nanostructure was examined with the small-angle X-ray scattering method. The Rockwell hardness test was used to measure the hardness changes in each group, and the means and standard deviations were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA for comparison of continuous variables and Tukey's HSD test was used for post hoc analysis. P values of <.05 were accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS. The general nanostructures of the samples were composed of small spherical entities stacked atop one another in dendritic form. All groups also displayed different hardness values depending on the manufacturing technique. The annealing procedure and environment directly affected both the nanostructure and hardness of the Co-Cr alloy. Group III exhibited a non-homogeneous structure and increased hardness ($48.16{\pm}3.02$ HRC) because the annealing process was incomplete and the inner stress was not relieved. Annealing in argon atmosphere of Group IV not only relieved the inner stresses but also decreased the hardness ($27.40{\pm}3.98$ HRC). The results of fitting function presented that Group IV was the most homogeneous product as the minimum bilayer thickness was measured (7.11 ${\AA}$). CONCLUSION. After the manufacturing with DMLS technique, annealing in argon atmosphere is an essential process for Co-Cr metal ceramic substructures. The dentists should be familiar with the materials that are used in clinic for prosthodontics treatments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.832-835
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• 2001

We report the structural and electrical properties of hafnium oxide (HfO$_2$) films with tungsten silicide (WSi$_2$) metal gate. In this study, HfO$_2$thin films were fabricated by oxidation of sputtered Hf metal films on Si, and WSi$_2$was deposited directly on HfO$_2$by LPCVD. The hysteresis windows in C-V curves of the WSi$_2$HfO$_2$/Si MOS capacitors were negligible (<20 mV), and had no dependence on frequency from 10 kHz to 1 MHz and bias ramp rate from 10 mV to 1 V. In addition, leakage current was very low in the range of 10$^{-9}$ ~10$^{-10}$ A to ~ 1 V, which was due to the formation of interfacial hafnium silicate layer between HfO$_2$and Si. After PMA (post metallization annealing) of the WSi$_2$/HfO$_2$/Si MOS capacitors at 500 $^{\circ}C$ EOT (equivalent oxide thickness) was reduced from 26 to 22 $\AA$ and the leakage current was reduced by approximately one order as compared to that measured before annealing. These results indicate that the effect of fluorine diffusion is negligible and annealing minimizes the etching damage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.316-316
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• 2008

Using an evaporation method, $SiO_2$ was deposited as a buffer layer between a flexible PET substrate and a ITO film deposited by DC magnetron sputtering and electro-optical properties were investigated with thickness variance of $SiO_2$ layers. After coating a $SiO_2$ layer and a ITO film, the ITO/$SiO_2$/PET was heated up to $200^{\circ}C$ and the resistivity and the transmittance were measured by hall effect measurement system and UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopy. As a result of depositing a $SiO_2$ buffer layer, the resistivity increased and the transmittance and adhesion property were enhanced than ITO films with no buffer layers and the resistivity was lowered as $SiO_2$ thickness increased from 50 $\AA$ to 100 $\AA$. It was found that the transmittance was independent of annealing temperature variance in $150^{\circ}C{\sim}200^{\circ}C$ and the resistivity decreased as the temperature increased and especially decreasing rate of the resistivity was higher as the buffer layer thickness was thinner. So under optimized depositing of $SiO_2$ buffer layers and post-annealing of ITO/$SiO_2$/PET, ITO films with enhanced adhesion, electro-optical properties can obtained.