• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.265-288
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• 2013

The purpose of the study aims to analyse the loss incurred by withdrawal of ship under time charter based on the English Law with the MT Kos case. In this case, it is agreed that if the charterers had begun to make arrangements for the discharge of their cargo as soon as they received the owner's notice of withdrawal, the vessel would have been detained at Angra doe Reis for one day. As it was, she was detained there for 2.64 days. The issue is whether the owners are entitled to be paid for the service of the vessel during that 2.62 days, and for bunkers consumed in the same period. Their claim is put forward on three bases: (1) under clause 13 of the charterparty ; (2) under an express or implied new contract made after the vessel was withdrawn, to pay for the time and bunkers; and (3) under the law of bailment. The judge held they were entitled to succeed on basis (3), but rejected every other basis which they put forward. The Court of Appeal rejected the claim on all three bases, except that they allowed the owners to recover the value of bunkers consumed in actually discharging the cargo.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1670-1675
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• 2020

In this study, to provide the basis for establishing effective network based countermeasures against DRDoS(Distributed Reflection Denial of Service) attacks, we propose a new 'DRDoS attack multi-level detection method' that identifies the network based characteristics of DRDoS and applies probability and statistical techniques. The proposed method removes the limit to which normal traffic can be indiscriminately blocked by unlimited competition in network bandwidth by amplification of reflectors, which is characteristic of DRDoS. This means that by comparing 'Server to Server' and 'Outbound Session Incremental' for it, accurate DRDoS identification and detection is possible and only statistical and probabilistic thresholds are applied to traffic. Thus, network-based information security systems can take advantage of this to completely eliminate DRDoS attack frames. Therefore, it is expected that this study will contribute greatly to identifying and responding to DRDoS attacks.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2018

This study examined the seasonal, regional distribution of mosquito vectors related with disease vectors in the Jeju. From March to November, sample were collected from 11 points in four environmentally different sites in Jeju Island. Samples were collected twice a month using a black-light trap and a BG sentinel trap. Overall, five genera and seven species types of 6,042 female mosquitos were collected. Among the collected mosquitos, 4,159 (68.8%) and 1,348 (24.4%) were Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus, respectively, making them the dominant species. Additionally, collection using the black light trap produced 72.8 entities per trap in Jungang-dong service center in the center of the city, which was the highest value, while the lowest amount of 1.4 per trap was recovered from the airport. When the BG sentinel trap was used, the largest recovery was observed in the port, where there were 71.7 entities per trap, while the lowest amount of 28.3 entities per trap was recovered at Gealmae Eco Park. The overall number of mosquitoes collected started to increase from May, and reached the largest value of 1,156 (19.1%) in August. Trapped mosquitoes are created 364 pools of up to 50 grains per pool, by season, by environmental, and by species. When the pools were used, no flaviviral infection was observed upon real time RT-PCR.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 2010

Vessel Operator has been navigating with subjective sate distance in accordance with night & daytime, fore & aft, port & stbd abeam and visibility situation. This sate distances may different depending on inside & outside harbor limit, current, wind and visibility situation. By now, the concept of proper sate distance between navigating vessels has been adopted in Korea, using the early 1980's foreign data. And the safe distance is being used with the same value without any consideration of inside & outside harbor and the kind of vessel. So it is necessary to evaluate or search proper distance concept based on different sate consciousness of Korean manners. This paper aims to develop the basic model for marine traffic evaluation and the new model of marine traffic congestion. Also this paper proposes the basic control guideline of vessel traffic service center. The result of this study showed that minimum sate distance should be 4.4L forward, 3.1L aft and 26L abeam in case of good visibility in daytime, considering various parameters such as visibility, day and night. Some differences Here found between the existing minimum sate distance and the new minimum sate distance derived from the result of this study.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.127-143
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• 1996

Advanced countries are very active in deploying the National Information I infrastructure which provides universal service to promise fruitful quality of futuree life. Even in the distributed environment, we can closely converse, work together, and share information in a very convenient way. This is actually enabled with the help of groupware technology, which are currently focused and researched in a larger popularity. The aim of this study is to design a portable pack for group communications management to support the development of groupware application. In the paper we begin with technical survey, continue to build our own model for group communications man agement, and design its architecture and procedure. We also suggest group addressing mechanism under Internet environment such as how to create IP multicast address and IP port number dynamically and as a globally unique value for the communication session, with the help of the hierarchical and distributed address managers. We also indicate the reliable data transmission services to remedy the unreliable feature of the UDP multicast services, and finally the architecture/ applied to support the practical applications is briefly discussed for verification of the designed concept.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.31-40
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• 2013

Purpose - The Northeast Asian Logistic Hub strategy was established to create a national competitive advantage in northeast Asia. Countries in this region are competing fiercely to become the central base distribution port as the volume of container shipping continues to increase due to the northeast Asian (especially Chinese) economic growth. The primary method by which shippers are improving their customer service and distribution is enhancing profits by minimizing call ports on the key route through strategic affiliations and the use of large vessels. Each nation is planning large-scale investments in the construction of sea ports that can accommodate large vessels. This paper proposes ways by which the logistical strategies of domestic corporations can keep pace with changes in government policy concerning the Northeast Asian Business Hub policy. It examines the logistics system in the Northeast Asian region, analyzes the government's Northeast Asian Business Hub policy, and suggests logistical strategies for domestic corporations through an analysis based on a questionnaire designed to grasp domestic firms' needs and goals. Research design, data and methodology - The purpose of this study is to determine how shipping companies establish partnerships with third-party logistics providers and draws out the implications of the results. The survey methods used were personal interviews and questionnaires distributed to a sample population through e-mail, fax, mail, and telephone. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed, of which 165 were returned. Among these, ten were excluded due to insufficient content; ultimately, 155 were used for the sample. The statistical data collection process was analyzed through data coating and a statistical package program. Results - This study argues that greater flexibility in policies, administration, and systems will be needed to significantly improve established business practices. In this dissertation, we primarily identify that in order to become a center of northeast Asian logistics, Korea must adopt a new paradigm and abandon the existing systems that are based on the economic and social systems that have stemmed from bureaucracy, inflexibility, chauvinism, and equalitarianism. Flexible policies, administration, and systems will be necessary to improve business practices. Domestic corporations must establish a strategic logistics hub and related network while simultaneously pursuing value-added logistics businesses by increasing their manpower and building a logistics information system. This will strengthen their competitive edge and lead to system improvements. Conclusions - Domestic corporations must adopt a new paradigm and use more reasonable business laws, systems, and policies that are based on market-driven flexibility and transparency. Moreover, social norms and regulations should be established to help ensure political and social security. Korea must also develop a culture of tolerance for foreign companies. Finally, the paradigm defining the policy governing the development of the capital city and its satellite cities in this context must be changed.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.143-167
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• 2010

Diverse research topics relating to Social Network Services (SNS) such as, social affective factors in relationships among internet users, social capital value of SNS, comparing attributes why users are intending to participate in SNS, user's lifestyle and their preferences, and the exploratory seeking potential of SNS as a social capital need to be focused on. However, these researches that have been undertaken only consider facts at a particular period of the changing computing environment. In accordance with this indispensability, the integrated view on what technical, social and business characteristics and attributes need to be acknowledged. The purpose of this study is to analyze the evolving attributes and characteristics of SNS from Web 1.0 to Mobile web 2.0 through the Web 2.0 and Mobile 1.0 period. Based on the relevant literature, the attributes that drive the changing technological, social and business aspects of SNS have been developed and analyzed. This exploratory study analyzed major attributes and relationships between SNS and users by changing the paradigms which represented each period. It classified and chronicled each period by representing paradigms and deducted the attributes by considering three aspects such as technological, social and business administration. The major findings of this study are, firstly, the web based computing environment has been changed into the platform attribute for users in the aspect of technology. Users can only read, listen and view information through the web site in the early stages, but now it is possible that users can create, modify and distribute all kinds of information. Secondly, the few knowledge producers of web services have been changed into a collective intelligence by groups of people in the aspect of society. Information authority has been distributed and there is no limit to its spread. Many businesses recognized the potential of the SNS and they are considering how to utilize these advantages toward channel of promotion and marketing. Thirdly, the conventional marketing channel has been changed into oral transmission by using SNS. The market of innovative mobile technology such as smart phones, which provide convenience and access-ability toward customers, has been enlarged. New opportunities to build friendly relationship between business and customers as a new marketing chance have been created. Finally, the role of the consumer has been changed into the leading role of a prosumer. Users can create, modify and distribute information, and are performing the dual role of customer and producer.