• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1995

The Kamkye Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag deposits occur as quartz veins that filled fault-related fractures of NW system developed in the Cretaceous Gyeongsang basin. Three major stages of mineral deposition are recognized: (1) the stage I associated with wall rock alteration, such as sericite, chlorite, epidote and pyrite, (2) the early stage II of base-metal mineralization such as pyrite, hematite, and small amounts of sphalerite and chalcopyrite. and the middle to late stage II of Cu-As-Sb-Au-Ag-S mineralization, such as sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena with tetrahedrite, tennantite, pearceite, Pb-Bi-Cu-S system, argentite and electrum. (3) the stage III of supergene mineralization, such as covellite, chalcocite and malachite. K-Ar dating of alteration sericite is a late Cretaceous ($74.0{\pm}1.6Ma$) and it may be associated with granitic activity of nearby biotite granite and quartz porphyry. Fluid inclusion data suggest a complex history of boiling, cooling and dilution of ore fluids. Stage II mineralization occurred at temperatures between 370 to $220^{\circ}C$ from fluids with salinities of 8.4 to 0.9 wt.% NaCl. Early stage II($320^{\circ}C$, 2.0 wt.% NaCl) may be boiled due to repeated fracturing which opened up the hydrothermal system to the land surface, and which resulted in a base-metal sulfide. Whilst the fractures were opened to the surface, mixing of middle-late stage II ore fluids with meteoric waters resulted in deposition of Cu-As-Sb-Au-Ag minerals from low temperature fluids(${\leq}290^{\circ}C$). Boiling of ore fluids may be occured at a pressure of 112 bar and a depth of 412 m. Equilibrium thermodynamic interpretation of sphalerite-tetraherite assemblages in middle stage II indicates that the ore-forming fluid had log fugacities of $S_2$ of -6.6~-9.4 atm.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.114-125
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to clarify the geological occurrence, mineralogical, physico-chemical and thermal properties of the sericite ore which located in Chungha area, Kyungsangbuk-do. The geology of this area are composed mainly of hornfels and some felsite porphyry. The sericitic ore is classified into sericite, sericite-quartz and quartz-sericite ore according to mineral assemblages. Mineral components in sericite ore are mainly sericite with minor quartz, apatite, sphene, zircon, ilmenite, bismuthinite, iron oxide and etc. Sericite-quartz ore are mainly composed of sericite and quartz. Accessary minerals are muscovite, epidote, zircon, sphene, iron oxide and etc. The chemical compositions of K2O, Al2O3, & Ignition loss in sericite and sericite-quartz ore increase than that of the host rock, while the composition of SiO2, Na2O & Fe2O3 decrease. Sericite and sericite-quartz ore are characterized by the specific gravity of 2.35 and 2.44, the pH of 4.36 cP and 2.36 cP respectively. The result of size analyses of sericite ore is 11.3% in grain volume concentration between 12.9 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and 11.1$\mu\textrm{m}$, and 32.3% between 9.6$\mu\textrm{m}$ and 12.9$\mu\textrm{m}$. The thermal expansivity of sericite and sericite-quartz ore show the similar pattern. The sericite ore shows the thermal expansivity of 0.31% at 50$0^{\circ}C$, 0.39~0.75% at 600~1,00$0^{\circ}C$ and 0.74% at 1,10$0^{\circ}C$. The sericite-quartz ore show the thermal expansivity of 0.29% at 50$0^{\circ}C$, 0.36~0.72% at 600~1,000% and 0.71% at 1,10$0^{\circ}C$.

• 암석학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.81-91
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• 1999

옥천화강암은 옥천읍 일대에서 원형상으로 분포하며, 그 북부와 동부 및 남부에서 옥천층군을 관입한 쥬라기 암체이며 그 서부에서 백악기의 석영반암류에 의해 관입된다. 이 암체는 중립질의 흑운모 화강으로서 유색광물부(mafic enclave)가 종종 발달하며 북부 주변에서는 미약한 엽리구조를 이루기도 한다. 구성광물은 석영, 사장석, 알칼리장석, 흑운모, 스펜과 녹리석 등이다. 복부일부에 발달하는 미립질과 줄무늬 석영, 흑운모와 이차광물인 백운모 등이 이루는 엽리는 옥천화강암질 마그마의 유동중에 주변암에 의해 형성된 구조이다. QAP 모드분석에서 몬조화강암-화강섬록암에 도시되는 과알루미나암질로서 캘크 알칼리례열에 속하는 분화경향을 가진다. SiO2 대 주원소 그리고 미향원소 등의 관계도에서 단일 마그마의 분화경향을 뚜렷이 가진다. 콘드라이트로 표준화한 희토류원소는 경(LREE)에서 중(HREE)으로 갈수록 점진적으로 결핍되며 Eu/Eu*는 0.84의 부 이상값(negative anomaly)을 가져 대체로 국내 쥬라기 화강암류와 유사한 특성을 가진다. 동시충돌대의 지구조적환경에서 I-형의 지각물질이 용융하여 형성된 화강암질 마그마가 다소 빠르게 상승하여 옥천층군내에 정치된 암체이다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.189-203
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• 2014

이 연구에서는 당진 면천읍성 남문지 구성석재의 동정과 분포를 규명하였으며, 축성암석과 추정산지 암석의 동질성을 검토하여 원산지를 해석하였다. 축성에는 총 15종의 상당히 다양한 암석들이 사용되었으며 화강암류(61.0%), 규암(21.0%) 및 석영장석반암(8.7%)이 조사구간 전체의 90% 이상을 차지한다. 또한 면천읍성 주변에 분포하는 암석을 대상으로 동질성을 검토한 결과, 산출상태, 전암대자율, 암석광물학적 및 지구화학적 특징이 매우 유사하였다. 따라서 축성암석은 면천읍성을 중심으로 약 8km 이내인 성상리, 양유리, 성북리, 갈산리 및 대덕동 일대에서 수급된 것으로 해석되며, 암종보다는 조달의 편의성이 가장 큰 고려 대상이었을 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다 .

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.335-341
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• 1996

This fundamental study analyzes the relationship between rock thermal properties and psychrometric properties in underground space and has a ultimate goal to develope technologies for predicting major environmental variables. The study is divided into 2 subjects (1) developement of a basic model for predicting temperature and humidity, (2) analysis of the validity of the model through application to a local underground storage space for military supplies. The basic model is built for the network of tunnel-shaped underground spaces. The model takes into account rock thermal properties and changes in moisture content in the air due to condensation/evaporation on the rock surface. Using lumped-parameter analytical method, heat flux from or to the surrounding rock is calculated and then the psychrometric properties(air quantity, pressure, temperature, humidity) are estimated through network simulation. The model can be utilized regardless of the tunnel type. The study site is a local storage space built in rock, mainly granite gneiss and quartz-porphyry. It is a U-shaped tunnel, 593.5m long and 6x6.5m wide. Relative humidity inside has to be strictly controlled under 55% to avoid erosion of a certain types of supplies stored in 6 chambers with the capacity of 300~1.000 ton. The thermal conductivity varies between 2.734 and 2.779W/m$^{\circ}C$ and the thermal diffusivity is in the range of 1.119 and $1.152{\times}10^{-6}\;m^2/s$ the specific heat between 910 and $920\;J/kg^{\circ}C$. Relative errors of the predicted values of dry/wet temperature and relative humidity are 0.8~3.0%, 0~7.5% and 0~7.0%, respectively. Apparent errors associated with the rock surface temperature seems to be partly due to the intrinsic limitations in the infrared thermometer used in this study.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1363-1374
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• 2010

This study examined the physical and chemical properties of soil in Jang-San wetland in Busan Metropolitan City. The wetland covers wide and flat area comparing to its outside. The samples of the wetland soil were collected and analyzed in order to identify the profiles and chemical properties. According to the analyses of soil moisture and particle size distribution, the wetland soil mostly belongs to sandy loam with the soil moistures of 14.9-153.2%. The soil profiles are configured with O, A, B, and C horizons from the land surface. The organic matter content (2.38-16.7%) at most sampling locations decreases downwardly with the highest at 0-20 cm depth. The organic matter content has a good positive relationship with soil moisture content. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the wetland soils contain quartz and feldspar (the main components of rhyolite porphyry) as well as montmorillonite, gibbsite, and kaolinite (the weathered products of feldspar). The wetland soil displays the highest iron concentration (average 22,052 mg/kg), indicating oxidation of iron. High concentrations of potassium (average 17,822 mg/kg) and sodium (average 5,394 mg/kg) originate from the weathering of feldspar. Among anions, sulfate concentration is highest with average 9.21 mg/kg that may originate from sulfate minerals and atmosphere.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.58-67
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• 1969

Songgwang lead zinc mine is located in about 12km to the north-east of Jeonju City. Geology of the mine and its visinity is consisted of Jeonju series belonged to so-called Okcheon system, Seodaesan tuff formation, Silla series, and the quartz porphyry intruded into these formations. Jeonju series comprising 3 formations; that is, of Sadaeri, Sindong, and Girinbong. Jeonju series is generally distributed in southern part of the area, striking NNW, and diping NE $30^{\circ}$, or NW $30^{\circ}$. It is deformed to form synclinorium and anticlinorium plunging to the north with low angle. In the northern part of the area, Jeonju series was cut by Sinpeongri-fault of NEE direction near Sinpeongri. In the north side of the fault, it is overturned and shows NEE or NWW strikes and NW $60^{\circ}$ dips. At the west of Songgwangri, it is cut by 3 thrusts; the two are almost parallel each other, and the third oneis manifested by the fact that the lower black shale zone thrusted over the upper limestone. Songgwangri thrust, so named, is a post-mineral fault and its plane represents a premineral slip plane. Enrichment of are took place along the bedding plane or fissure parallel to it, as seen in adit No. 1 or No. 2 along the floor of the thrust, and along the sheared zone or the brecciated zone oblique to the plane near the thrust in crystalline limestone of Sindong formation as observed in the underground levels of inclined slope. Ore minerals are chiefly zincblende, galena, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, acompanied pyrite and chalcopyrite, and contain Au and Ag. In earlier stage of mineralization, the limestone was recrystalized, and sulphide minerals were enriched in the· permiable zone said above by pyrometasomatism, and in later stage the limestone was affected chloritization and sericitization. However hydrothermal replacement was weak, so that enrichment did not took place. It seems that minerallizing materials came up through the premineral slip plane and injected, and replaced the limestone in permiable zone said above with sulphide are minerals. Then Songgwangri thrust took place and, the lower black shale zone thrusted upon crystalline limestone.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.205-219
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• 1982

어성천 망간광상은 고생대 오르도비스기의 흥월리 돌로마이트층과 삼태산 석회암층에 관입한 석영반암맥을 따라 산출되는 표성광상이다. 망간광석은 산화망간광물들과 이에 수반되는 맥석광물들로 구성되어 있다. 산화망간광물들 중 란시아이트와 토도로카이트는 다량으로 산출되며, 버어네사이트, 엔소타이트, 연망간석, 캘코파나이트는 소량으로 산출된다. 맥석광물로는 방해석, 석고, 침철석, 레피도크로사이트, 석영, 견운모등이 산출된다. 산화망간광물들과 맥석광물들의 연구에는 현미경 관찰, 화학분석, 엑스선회절분석, 적회선흡수분광분석, 시차열분석 방법등이 이용되었다. 버어네사이트와 란시아이트의 관계가 엑스선회절분석과 적외선흡수분광분석법에 의하여 연구되었다. 이 두 광물들은 구조적으로 상당히 밀접한 관계가 있으나 서로 다른 광물종임이 적외선 흡수 스펙트럼연구에 의하여 확실시된다. 산화망간광물들은 표성환경하에서 교대작용, 용액으로부터의 침전, 재결정작용등에 의하여 생성되었다. 산화망간광물들의 생성순서는 다음과 같은 경향을 보여준다 : (능망간석)-(토도로카이트)-(버어네사이트, 란시아이트)-(엔소타이트, 연망간석, 캘코파나이트).

• 자원환경지질
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.199-222
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• 1970

One of the biggest sulfide metallic (Cu, Pb, Zn) ore deposits of South Korea is located in the area of Seo-myeon, Shiheung-gun, Gyeonggi-do. Geology of the region is mostly composed of metasediments of biotite schist, graphite schist, injection gneiss, sericite schist, limesilicate and quartzite from bottom, those are applicable to so-called Yeoncheon System of Pre-Cambrian, and granodiorite, quartz porphyry, basic dykes are outcroped in a small scope as intrusives. The origin of the ore deposit is pyrometasomatic contact deposits due to hydrothermal replacement and the ore bodies are imbedded in lower bed of limesilicate formation as impregnation and ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, marmatite, chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, covellite, and the later two minerals are both hypogene and supergene. Gangue minerals are mostly skarn minerals those hornblende, diopside, epidote, hedenbergite, chlorite, garnet and quartz except primary calcite and quartz. Boundary plane (NS strike) between schists and limesilicate seemed to be primary opening of ore solution and fractures bearing $N50^{\circ}{\sim}80^{\circ}W$ are secondary structural control for localization of ore minerals and the third structural controls are both irregular gashes and schistosity in small scale. Photogeological study was carried with vertical aerial photo scaled 1: 38,000 and enlarged 1 : 10,000 under stereoscope. The study on the area convinced the fact that the geologic boundaries between rocks, limesilicates and quartzites, are traced easily by their typical topographic feature and drainage, and the main fracture patterns which derived from the result of fracture traces, that photogeologic lineament observed under stereoscope, are those bearing (1) $N20^{\circ}W$, (2) $N58^{\circ}W$, (3) $N76^{\circ}W$, (4) EW, (5) $N20^{\circ}W$, (6) $N62^{\circ}W$, (7) $N77^{\circ}W$. Among the written fractures, (5) (not schistosity, in case of fault) (6) (7) are post-mineral faults and others are pre-mineral faults and others are pre-mineral structures, and (2) (3) (6) (7) are coincided with statistical figure of 208 fractures surveyed in underground. By the result of the study, mineralized zone, are presumed to extend north and southward, total length about 4km.

• 지질공학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.133-149
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• 2000

한반도 남동해안을 포함한 연구지역에는 북북동, 북동 및 서북서 방향의 선상구조들이 발달하며, 백악기의 퇴적암류를 기저로 이들 퇴적암류를 관입한 화강반암이 분포한다. 제3기의 지층은 화산암 역을 주로 가지는 역암층, 화산성퇴적암류와 현무암이 분포하고 제4기 충적층이 골짜기를 중심으로 계곡에 분포한다. 해안단구는 해안선을 따라 고도를 달리하며 발달하고, 수렴리 일대에는 특히 중위면이 잘 발달되어 있다. 중위면의 분포고도는 실제측량을 통해 약 41-46m 사이에 분포하여 있다. 제 4기층의 수직변위는 약 50cm 미만으로 비교적 적은 편이나, 남쪽으로 약50m 이상 점토대가 연장되어 있는 것이 트랜취를 통해 확인하였다. tnfuiaeks층은 단층의 주향이 동북동에서 북동방향을 거쳐 북북동방향으로 변하며 경사는 동쪽 및 동남쪽으로 저각을 이루는 스러스트단층이다. 이 단층의 연장은 약 200mrud로이며, 변위는 현대연수원 절개면에서는 약1.5로 가장 크며 그 북쪽 및 남쪽으로 가면서 점점 감소하는 특성을 가진다.