• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.985-994
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• 1996

The initiation and growth of $\alpha$-Al2O3/metal composites by the directed oxidation of molten commercial AlZnMg-alloy at 1223-1423K were investigated. Spontaneous bulk growth did not occur on the alloy alone. but the uniform initiation and growth of the composite were obtained by putting a thin layer of SiO2 particles on the surface of the alloy. Without SiO2 the external surface of the oxide layer was convered by MgO and MgAl2O4. But with the SiO2 reaction initiate the porous ZnO layers were found on the growth surface. The higher process temperature yielded a lower metal content. The oxidation product of $\alpha$-Al2O3 was found to be oriented with c-axis parallel to th growth direction. The growth rates increased with temperature and the apparent activation energy was 111.8 kJ/mol.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.297-308
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• 2017

By using electron beam evaporation under appropriate conditions, we obtained graphene intercalated sheets on Si(111) with an average crystallite size less than 11nm. The formation of such nanocrystalline graphene was found as a time-dependent function of carbon deposition at a substrate temperature of $1000^{\circ}C$. The structural and electronic properties as well as the surface morphology of such produced materials have been confirmed by reflection high energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy.

• Solar Energy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1999

ZnO/n-Si junctions were fabricated by spin coating with ZnO precursor produced by the sol-gel process. In order to increase the electrical conductivity of ZnO films, the films were n-doped with Al impurity and subsequently annealed at about $450^{\circ}C$ under reducing environments. The ohmic contacts between n-Si and AI for a bottom electrode were successfully fabricated by doping the rear surface of Si substrate with phosphorous atoms. The front surface of the substrate was also doped with phosphorous atoms for improving the efficiency of the solar cells. Consequently, conversion efficiencies ranging up to about 5.3% were obtained. These efficiencies were found to decrease slowly with time because of the oxide films formed at the ZnO/Si interface upon oxygen penetration through the porous ZnO. Oxygen barrier layers could be necessary in order to prevent the reduction of conversion efficiencies.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.844-847
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• 2009

진공압출성형 공정을 이용하여 한쪽 끝단이 막힌 다공질 탄화규소 캔들 필터를 단일공정으로 제조하는 기술을 확립하였다. 캔들 필터 지지층의 특성 최적화를 위해 탄화규소 출발입자와 무기바인더의 첨가량 변화를 통해 기계적 특성과 기공크기 등의 분석을 수행하여 상용 캔들 필터의 수준에 대응할 수 있는 조합을 도출하였다. Mullite와 clay를 소결조제로 사용하고, $30{\mu}m$ 입도의 탄화규소 입자로 지지층을 제조한 경우, 30% 이상의 기공율을 보유하면서 50 MPa 이상의 상온 3점 굽힘강도를 나타낼 수 있는 조건이 확립됨에 따라 $125{\mu}m$ 입도의 탄화규소와 bi-modal로 사용할 경우, 상용제품의 특성을 상회하는 탄화규소 캔들 필터가 제조될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.425-430
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• 2015

ZSM-5 crystals grew by hydrothermal synthesis method on the surface of foam type porous silicon carbide ceramics which fabricated by polymer replica method. Oxide layer was developed on the surface of the porous silicon carbide ceramics to induce growth of ZSM-5 from the surface. In this study, hydrothermal synthesis was carried out for 7 h at $150^{\circ}C$ using TEOS, $Al(NO_3){\cdot}9H_2O$ and TPAOH as raw materials in the presence of the porous silicon carbide ceramics. X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses were confirmed $1{\sim}3{\mu}m$ sized ZSM-5 crystals have grown on the surface of porous silicon carbide ceramics. BET data shows that small pores about $10{\AA}$ size drastically enhanced and surface area increased from $0.83m^2/g$ to $30.75m^2/g$ after ZSM-5 synthesis on the surface of foam type porous silicon carbide ceramics.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.625-629
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• 2010

This study investigates the effects of porosity on the thermal stability and the thermal shock resistance of a porous nozzle used for blowing an inert gas. The samples of $Al_2O_3-SiO_2-ZrO_2$ system, which had the apparent porosity of 16~30% and bulk density of $2.6{\sim}3.2g/cm^3$, were prepared by adding different graphite contents (5, 10, 20 wt%) as a pore-forming agent. The thermal shock test was conducted at ${\Delta}T=500$, 1000, and $1400^{\circ}C$ also and the thermal stability was also carried out at 1550, 1600, and $1650^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs. The specimen contained 10 wt% graphite had uniform pore size distribution, whereas the specimen with 20 wt% graphite showed non-uniform pore size distribution. As a result of thermal shock test, the specimen containing 10 wt% graphite appears to have higher mechanical strength than the other specimens (5, 20 wt% graphite). Both the 5 wt% and 20 wt% graphite specimens developed a non-uniform pore size distribution and cracks that were generated by intensive thermal stress.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.137-137
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• 2003

Optical amplificator have been used to compensate the losses in the optical signal transmission and processing. Today, there has been increasing demand for the very low cost optical amplifier. Sol-gel offers considerable potential both low cost manufacture, and for great flexibility in materials composition and structure. In addition, the sol-gel process is a very attractive method for producing porous materials with controlled structure. In this work, we present the potoluminescence properties of Er doped A1$_2$O$_3$/SiO$_2$ films. Erbium doped alumina nano sol was prepared by Al(NO$_3$)$_3$.9$H_2O$ and Er(NO$_3$)$_3$.5$H_2O$ through hydrolysis and peptization, and then GPS (3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) was added into Er doped alumina nano sol for organic- inorganic hybridization. Er doped A1$_2$O$_3$/SiO$_2$ film was obtained by spin coating, dip coating and thermal treatment from 30$0^{\circ}C$~120$0^{\circ}C$, and there were crack-free after thermal treatment. The thickness of film was measured SEM, and the porosity of film was characterized by BET and TGA. The crystal phase of Er doped A1$_2$O$_3$/SiO$_2$ were determined by XRD. Finally, the photoluminescence properties of Er doped A1$_2$O$_3$/SiO$_2$ films will be discuss with the consideration of porosity and crystallity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.425-429
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• 1991

Porous glasses were prepared from $TiO_2$ containing borosilicate glass by the phase separation. Pore distribution and surface area of porous glasses were invesigated by SEM and porosimeter. As temperature and heating time increase. The pore size and volume increased, but the specific surface area decreased above the critical temperature. The specific surface area and pore size showed more sensitive change on the variation of heating temperature than of heating time.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.584-595
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• 2021

In this study, the correlation between operating stages of waste air-treating system composed of two alternatively-operating UV/photocatalytic reactors, and the deactivation of photocatalyst used in each operating stage, was investigated by instrumental analysis thereon. The repeated deactivation and subsequent re-generation of photocatalyst used in the waste air treating system of previous investigation performed by Lee and Lim (Korean Chem. Eng. Research, 59(4), 574-583(2021)), were characterized on virgin photocatalyst-carrying porous SiO₂ media (A4), used photocatalyst-carrying porous SiO₂ media (A1, A2 and A3) collected from the corresponding photocatalytic reactor upon 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd run, respectively, regenerated photocatalyst-carrying porous SiO₂ media upon 1 time-run (AD1) and 3 times regenerated photocatalyst-carrying porous SiO₂ media upon 3 time-runs (AD3) by instrumental analysis including BET analysis, SEM, XPS, SEM-EDS and FT-IR. As a result, the proper regeneration-temperature for deactivated photocatalyst to be regenerated several times (more than 3 times), was suggested below 200 ℃. Such temperature of deactivated photocatalyst-regeneration was almost consistent to the one, according to BET analysis, at which tiny nano-pores blocked by adsorbed ethanol-oxidative and degraded intermediates (AEODI), were regenerated to be reopened through almost complete mineralization of AEODI. In particular, the results of XPS analysis indicated an incurrence of insignificant deactivation of photocatalysis upon 1^st run of UV/photocatalytic reactor (A or C) of the previous investigation. In addition, the results of XPS analysis were consistent with the experimental results of the previous investigation in that 1) deactivation of photocatalyst incurred during 2^nd run of the UV/photocatalytic reactor (A or C) resulted in decreased removal efficiency, by ca. 5% and 5%, of ethanol and hydrogen sulfide, respectively, compared with its 1^st run; 2) there was insignificant difference between the removal efficiencies of its 2^nd run and 3^rd run. Furthermore, the removal efficiencies of ethanol and hydrogen sulfide for hypothetical 4^th run of photocatalytic reactor in the previous investigation, using AD3, were expected to decrease, compared with its 3^rd run, by much more than those for 2^nd run in the previous investigation did, compared with its 1^st run.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.291-302
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• 2004

The CuO/$3AL_2O_3{\cdot}2SiO_2$ catalyst impregnated ceramic candle filters for nitrogen oxides removal were prepared by porous mullite($3AL_2O_3{\cdot}2SiO_2$) support and CuO catalyst deposited on this support to achieve uniformly dispersed CuO deposition, which are impregnated into the pores of available alumino-silicate ceramic candle filter. The CuO/3$AL_2O_3{\cdot}2SiO_2$ catalyst impregnated ceramic candle filters were characterized by XRD, BET, air permeability, pore size, SEM and catalytic tests in the reduction of NOx by NH$_3$. The observed effects of CuO/3$AL_2O_3{\cdot}2SiO_2$ impregnated ceramic candle filters in SCR reaction are as follows : (1) when the content of CuO catalyst increased further, activity of NO increased. (2) NO conversion at first increased with temperature and then decreased at high temperatures (above 40$0^{\circ}C$), possibly due to the occurrence of the ammonia oxidation reaction. (3) In pilot plant test for 3 months, NO conversion was greater than 90%.