• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 1999

In the family life cycle, the most important task the families with school children should perform is ‘child education’ and ‘socialization’ However, economic stress on poor families with school children presents multiple problems through the shortage of resources necessary for child education and socialization, inappropriateness of family appraisal, and the insufficiency of the control channels for the efficient management of these confined resources and appropriate appraisal. The objectives of this article are : First, to report research on the actual conditions of the poor families in one area of Cheju and on the relevant health welfare policy, and to examine the appropriateness of the direction and the substance of this policy in terms of the intervention in economic stress on the poor families under the categories of resource management and control of appraisal. Second, to analyze qualitative data extracted from the memoirs of single-parent families living in several areas of Korea under the conceptual framework constructed by literature review in order to get a better understanding of the stress which poor families with school children have experienced. And third, to confirm the factors that can be risk factor but, at the same time, strength to these poor families from presented data and to use them as the basic data from which an intervention model can be developed, based on resource management and control of appraisal. The findings of this article are : First, while the number of absolute poor families in one area of Cheju is increasing and, as a result, the danger of the possibility that multiple problems will occur is also growing, the supporting level of the current policy is no more than a direct resource offer and there is no evidence that resource management is being professionally carried out. When it comes to control of appraisal, due to absence of the professional human resources in this matter, policy performances such as technical education training can have a negative impact. Second, a conceptual framework introduced in this article, ; Economic Pressure → Helplessness → Poor self-esteem → Marital Conflict → Parent-Child financial conflict → Inappropriate socialization → Poor child social competence : is partly verified. And third, judging from the results of the qualitative data, it is confirmed that the healing families, having overcome poverty, show several positive characteristics including : hope, strength, and social support. These findings are identified with the factors of resiliency considered above. According to these results, this article suggests the following. The anti -poverty policy in the future should focus not only on a direct resource offer but also on resource management and the control of appraisal that can magnify its effects. In particular, close attention should be paid to school children since they are in the most crucial period for socialization. Moreover, an emotional labor is such an essential resource for intervention that skilled nurses should play pivotal roles.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 1996

Main cause of low back pain is a poor posture. Most low back pains are due to a poor posture. The poor posture induces muscle tension and finaliy low back pain. The poor posture arehabitually trained from the childhood by the environmetal factors. In general, maintaining good posture during working and sleeping hours are the first line of defence against back pam. (1) Supine posture is the easiest posture that relaxes and fixes muscles. Supine posture is thus a starting position for on exercise. Lying down releases the weight pressures of head and shoulder and thus body can be relaxed and extended which are helpful for treating back pain. However, supine posture can increase the pressure in ribcage posture aspect and disphragram due to visceral oragans. (2) Sitting in one position for a long time results in fatigue and relaxation of spinal muscies. Finally, body strength is weakened and sitting posture will become poor. If this poor posture continues for a longer time, pain will be accompanied due to overelongation of muscle ligaments. The habitual poor posture could induce intervertebral disc distortion. If the intervertebral disc is damaged, sitting in one position or movement causes pain. (3) Abnormal lumbar curve induces the tention of abdominal muscle and paravertebral muscle groups as well as tention of lower limb muscle group connected to pelvis. For a person with weak body strength, muscle relaxation increases curvature in lumbar, chest and cervical regions. This will induce a pelvic anterior tilting of the imaginary line between A. S. I. S. and P. S. I. S. Hip joint extensor muscle acts on releasing the pelvic anterior tilting. Contrections of hamstring muscle and femoral muscle recover the imaginary line between A.S.LS. and P.S.I.S. from pelvic anterior tilting. thus, contraction of rectus abdominis muscle are required to maintain the normal lumbar curve.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2017

Systemic health conditions increase with advancing age, and may be linked to poor self-reported oral health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between systemic health conditions and poor self-reported oral health among Korean elderly. The study used a nationally representative sample of Koreans (2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) aged 65~98 years (n=1,595). Systemic health conditions in this population were assessed by the presence of one or more of the following conditions: obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. The relative risk of poor self-reported oral health according to the occurrence of systemic health conditions was estimated by multivariate logistic regression after controlling for several potential confounders (i.e., socio-demographic factors, oral health behaviors, health behaviors, and psychological factors). After adjustment for these confounders, the relative risk of having poor self-reported oral health was greater among the elderly with one or more systemic health conditions than in those without a systemic health condition. The odds ratio of having poor self-reported oral health according to the occurrence of systemic health conditions was 1.51 (95% confidence interval, 1.08~2.12). Among the Korean elderly, perception of poor oral health was associated with the presence of one or more systemic health conditions. Future studies are needed to examine the detailed causal relation between systemic health conditions and poor oral health longitudinally.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.65-85
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the major health problems of poor children, and to provide basic information for developing health care program for low income children in underserved area. Methods: Health data were collected through medical examination(KAHP Social Welfare Service) and analysed for 3,081 poor children in 106 local children's centers nationwide. Results: 1. The mean height and weight of poor children were lower than those of nonpoor children. The differences were increased by age. 2. The rate of relative low weight was higher in poor children than in nonpoor children. On the contrary, The obesity rate was higher in nonpoor children than in poor children. 3. Poor children were more likely to have vision problem, anemia, high blood pressure, and oral health problems than nonpoor children. 4. The Health problems of children were the most serious in single father family. Conclusion: In order to improve children's health status, health promotion program for poor children should be developed and implemented. Health promotion program should include activities including regular health examination, home visiting, nutrition support, managed health care, health counseling and education. And the community support network was suggested for the efficacy of the program, including home, school and community.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.115-123
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate how paid work affects self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships among the poor elderly. In addition, this study analyzes to measure the psychological and social effectiveness that can be obtained through paid work in poor life. This survey was conducted for poor elderly people in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do on the assumption that the quality of paid work would positive affect the interpersonal relationships of the poor elderly, and that the self-efficiency would play a mediating role between the quality of paid work and their interpersonal relations. The final sample of 165 of them was selected and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the quality of paid work was analyzed to have a significant effect on the interpersonal relationship of the poor elderly, and the mediating effect of self-efficacy was also confirmed. Based on the results of these studies, the need for a policy to improve the quality of paid work for the elderly and practical measures to improve the self-efficacy of the elderly in the social welfare field were proposed.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 1996

The Number of the disputes originated from vegetable seeds in 1968-1970 under 'Seed and Seedling Law for Agricultural Product)' was 177.: Poor germination was the major one (26% of total disputes), followed by inferior seeds(24.3%), imported seeds(23.7%), and off-type plant(15.6%).During 1976-1995, under 'Administrative Law for Seed and Seedling' the number of disputes originated from vegetable seeds was 175.: 53 in radish, 19 in Chinese cabbage, and 17 in pepper. The type of dispute originated from radish seeds was premature bolting(26%), differences in sowing data(21%), poor purity(19%), micronutrient deficiency(9%), root cracking and branching(9%), poor germination(4%), and damage by disease(2%). In Chinese cabbage, micronutrient deficiency was the major one(27%), followed by poor germination(21%), incomplete head formation(16%), damage by disease(16%), poor purity(10%), and bolting(10%). In pepper, poor fruit setting was the major one(6%), followed by malformed fruits(5%), damage by disease(3%), purity(2%), and poor germination(1%).

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.55-85
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• 2004

The problems of health in poor peoples are various and difficult things to solve it. They are highly susceptible to chronic disease because of bad environment and It is hard to access to medical services because of their Socio-demographic status. Therefore, it is important to address the problem of prevention of chronic disease and health promotion aspect. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among the health status, health behaviors and health practices of poor people in urban slum area. The subject of this study were 298 poor peoples who live in poor area in Daegu metropolitan city and they were asked to answer the survey questionnaires modified for Korean from behavioral risk factor surveillance system of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention USA. The result of the study were as follows； (1) There were significant relationships between health status (prevalence of chronic disease and perceived general health) and socio-demographic factor such as occupation, existence of spouse, number of family educational level, type of medical security. (2) There were some relationships between health risk behaviors such as smoking, drinking and obesity and health status of subject especially in female obesity.(3) There were relationships among health concern activity, prevalence of chronic disease and some social factor such as educational level and occupation. (4) There were relationships among health practice, health concern activity, health status and socio-demographic factors of subject. This study suggest that health status, socio-demographic status, health concerns and health promotion activity of study populations were associated and It is very important things supporting the poor people in the level of community and nation to practice healthy behaviors themselves.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.57-79
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• 2009

This study analyzes the effect of poverty on child development outcomes including academic achievement, self-esteem, depression/anxiety, attention problems, aggression, and delinquency. The poverty experiences among elementary school children are longitudinally observed during 3 years between the 4th grade and the 6th grade. When development outcomes are compared among persistently poor children, transitory poor children, and non-poor children, academic achievement is found to be significantly different. The analyses of the relationships between the poverty status and developmental trajectories show that academic achievement among non-poor children has improved over time, while the level of poor children's achievement has decreased. The result also shows that problematic behaviors such as attention problems, aggression, delinquency has improved over time among all the children. Yet, the gap between poor and non-poor children has not decreased. The multivariate analyses indicate that the effect of poverty remains statistically significant only for academic achievement after children's individual and familial characteristics are controlled. Past experiences of poverty in addition to the current poverty affect academic achievement and persistent poverty has a stronger effect than transitory poverty on academic achievement, although the findings are not consistent across all the estimated models.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the level of blood glucose and to identify poor glycemic control groups among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Data of 1,022 Korean type 2 DM patients aged 30-64 years were extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII. Complex samples analysis and a decision-tree analysis were performed using the SPSS WIN 26.0 program. Results: The mean level of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 7.22±0.25%, and 69.0% of the participants showed abnormal glycemic control (HbA1c≥6.5%). The characteristics of participants associated with poor glycemic control groups were presented with six different pathways by the decision-tree analysis. Poor glycemic control groups were classified according to the patients' characteristics such as period after DM diagnosis, awareness of DM, sleep duration, gender, alcohol drinking, occupation, income status, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, abdominal obesity, and number of walking days per week. Period of DM diagnosis with a cut-off point of 6 years was the most significant predictor of the poor glycemic control group. Conclusion: The findings showed the predictable characteristics of the poor glycemic control groups, and they can be used to screen the poor glycemic control groups among adults with type 2 DM.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.115-138
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• 2009

The primary focus of this study is to examine the characteristics of the asset poor and to empirically investigate those factors affecting the likelihood of the asset poor's poverty exit and entry. The 2nd wave through 8th wave data from KLIPS were used for analysis. The asset poverty lined of 50% of the household net asset was set up so that households below 50% are classified as the asset poor. The characteristics of the asset poor were examined in a static manner by analyzing only the 8th wave KLIPS data. To investigate those factors affecting the likelihood of asset poor's poverty transferal with a dynamic perspective, the authors employed two survival analysis methods, the life table analysis and the Time-dependent Cox regression analysis. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made for future policy efforts to support the asset poor and for the current poverty policies as well. In specific, if the 'Individual Development Account' is to be initiated in the future, it would be essential to build a systematic model to utilize accumulated asset by enhancing job competencies and ability to gain a decent job.