• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2003

The main purpose of this study is to obtain forest scenic beauty management informations toward forest working systems in pinus densiflora forest stands, etc. To get these information, visual preference and spatial image analysis methods are used. 25 different alternatives were simulated to visualize on basis of actual forest working methods with taken photos from May to July, 2003. The options were illustrated as photos produced by computer software. Respondents' ratings for 25 landscape scenes were obtained by interview survey method. Each alternatives were evaluated by forest major student group with total 103 respondents after reliability test. Visual preference evaluation was used 10 point rating scale. Spatial images of 12 alternatives were measured by 12 semantic differential scale. In general, the respondents preferred refreshing and ordering forest stand after forest working to natural forest stand before forest working. High visual preference for forest density produces 400-600 trees/ha in small diameter class forest stands. Regarding visual preference according to pavement type of trail, soil trail is ranked high. Visual preference for cutting area ranks mature forest stand and visual preference for trail slope cover type ranks shrub with grass as relatively high on the preference scale. Through the factor analysis, spatial images of 12 coniferous forest stands are classified as 'ordered opened' and 'beautiful healthy'. Results indicate how to conduct forest working systems for forest scenic beauty management.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.2016-2022
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• 2010

We propose a new algorithm for reconstructing curves with self-intersections from sample points. In general, the result of curve reconstruction depends on how to select and order the representative points to resemble the shape of sample points. Most of the previous point ordering approaches utilize the Euclidean distance to compute the proximity of sample points without directional information, so they can not solve the non-simple curve reconstruction problem. In this paper, we develop a new distance estimating the adjacency between sample points, which is derived from the standard normal distribution of Brownian motion. Experimental results show that this approach is very effective to non-simple curve reconstruction.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2006

The present article describes the experimental and theoretical observations on the formation of holographic, polymer-dispersed, liquid crystals and electrically switchable, photonic crystals. A phase diagram of the starting mixture of nematic liquid crystal and photo-reactive triacrylate monomer was established by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and cloud point measurement. Photolithographic patterns were imprinted on the starting mixture of LC/triacrylate via multi-beam interference. A similar study was extended to a dendrimer/photocurative mixture as well as to a single component system (tetra-acrylate). Theoretical modeling and numerical simulation were carried out based on the combination of Flory-Huggins free energy of mixing and Maier-Saupe free energy of nematic ordering. The combined free energy densities were incorporated into the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (Model C) equations coupled with the photopolymerization rate equation to elucidate the spatio-temporal structure growth. The 2-D photonic structures thus simulated were consistent with the experimental observations. Furthermore, 3-D simulation was performed to guide the fabrication of assorted photonic crystals under various beam-geometries. Electro-optical performance such as diffraction efficiency was evaluated during the pattern photopolymerization process and also as a function of driving voltage.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.200-203
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• 2003

By minimizing the burst error of data and correcting the error, we can define the convolution coding and interleaving in IEEE 802.11a wireless tan system. Two step block interleaver was decided by coded bits per OFDM symbol and due to this it comes to the delay time in IEEE 802.11a. This is the point of the question which we must consider. We try to decrease the delay time by all 48-clock from interleavings, and we have proposed a way carried out the interleaving outputs per symbol. So in comparison with the existing interleaver, we can decrease the delay time in reading and writing data, as well as reduce the delay time of bit re-ordering per symbol. Also this scheme is apply in all x-QAM cases.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.1 s.13
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• pp.106-113
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• 2003

In this study, The matrix method was used with common category concept according to the construction project control system. For the purpose of systematic resource management planning, it should be established on accomplished EVM data for clearing the ordering point according to the attribute procurement analysis. Resource management was presented by connecting the material requirement calculation method and the attribute of procurement method based on the EVM, suggested through analyzing process-data modeling using integrated schedule, cost and material.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.20-26
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• 2019

With the development of ICT technology and the promotion of smartphone penetration, purchasing services that purchase various products through online market are being activated. In particular, due to advances in storage and delivery technology, sales of short food materials can be purchased online. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an integrated solution that enables advertisement effect, ordering and delivery through a purchase service even if there is no sales knowledge and sales network in a small shopping mall where only offline sales can be performed. The proposed system is able to efficiently view the product information by category through image search for the product that the user desires, so that the seller of the registered product can efficiently sell without any additional advertisement.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2021

In Korea, some pharmaceutical companies and agricultural machine manufacturers associate the length of the credit period with the retailer's order size. This kind of commercial practice is based on the principle of economy of scale from the supplier's point of view and tends to make retailer's order size large enough to qualify a certain credit period break. Also, the credit period allowed by the supplier makes it possible to reduce the retail price expecting that the retailer can earn more profits by the stimulating the customer's demand. Since the retailer's order size is affected by the end customer's demand, it is reasonable to determine the retail price and the order size simultaneously. In this regard, this paper analyzes the retailer's problem who has to decide his sales price and order quantity from a supplier who offers different credit periods depending on his order size. And we show that the retailer's order size large enough to qualify a certain credit period break. Also, it is assumed that the end customer's demand rate is represented by a linear decreasing function of the retail price.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.79-85
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• 2022

Various non-face-to-face services are being activated due to the influence of the Corona 19 virus around the world. However, unlike the rapid development of delivery services, social awareness of delivery services is causing many problems. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the quality attributes of delivery services from the consumer's point of view, and based on the results, we try to derive a direction for service improvement. In this study, quality factors were established through interviews and surveys with actual consumers, and quality attributes were classified through the Kano model and Timko's customer satisfaction coefficient. "Attractive" is ('Ease of ordering, Accurate delivery to the designated place'), "One Dimensional" is ('Variety of payment methods, Accurate delivery on time, Accurate delivery of ordered food, Degree of non-deformation of packaging conditions, etc., Convenience of use time'), "Must be" is ('Kindness of the delivery person'), "Reverse" is ('provision of services, service response to order discrepancies'). This study has academic significance in that it compensated for the disadvantage of not being able to interpret the mathematical meaning of the Kano model with Teamco's customer satisfaction coefficient. It also has practical implications in that it provides an indirect clue to future improvement directions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.309-319
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• 1999

This study was conducted to get forest scenic beauty management information toward forest working systems; characteristics in Larix forest stands. 35 different alternatives were simulated to visualize on basis of actual forest working methods. The options were illustrated as photos produced by computer software. Each alternatives were evaluated by 3 groups with total 593 respondents after reliability test. Visual preference evaluation was used 1 - 10 point rating scale. The ratings were scaled using SBE analysis program of RMRATE. To compare the relationship of visual preference and image scale, Spatial images of 13 thinning alternatives were measured by Semantic differential scale. In general, the respondents preferred refreshing and ordering forest stand after forest working to natural forest stand before forest working. Visual preference decreased with the increasing intensity of bare ground area and slash area in forest stand. And also, visual preference was high related to tree density, clear length of stem, and ground vegetation. Farm line of small clear cutting area was preferred straight line to curve line. Visual preferences were significant differences in certain socioeconomic variables of the respondents. Results indicate how to conduct forest working system for forest scenic beauty management.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.485-491
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• 2022

The traditional economic order quantity (EOQ) model is analyzed under the basic assumption that the purchase price is paid immediately upon receiving the product. However, product suppliers may allow a certain period of deferral of payment for product purchase costs in order to differentiate themselves from competitors. From the distributor's point of view, such a credit transaction can temporarily divert product purchase costs, resulting in a reduction in inventory investment costs, and ultimately, a factor that lowers the selling price for the purpose of increasing end-customer demand can be. In addition, in that credit transactions are provided for the purpose of increasing the demand of suppliers as a means of differentiation from competitors, it is more general to be allowed flexibly according to the transaction volume. In this regard, assuming that the end customer's demand is represented by a linear decreasing function of the distributor's selling price, this study analyzes a model for determining the distributor's pricing and ordering policies under order-size-dependent delay in payments. For the analysis, we also assume that the inventory is depleted not only by customer's demand but also by decaying.