• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.367-374
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• 2014

Genomes contain a large number of unique genes which have not been found in other species. Although the origin of such "orphan" genes remains unclear, they are thought to be involved in species-specific adaptive processes. Here, we analyzed seven orphan genes (MoSPC1 to MoSPC7) prioritized based on in planta expressed sequence tag data in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. Expression analysis using qRT-PCR confirmed the expression of four genes (MoSPC1, MoSPC2, MoSPC3 and MoSPC7) during plant infection. However, individual deletion mutants of these four genes did not differ from the wild-type strain for all phenotypes examined, including pathogenicity. The length, GC contents, codon adaptation index and expression during mycelial growth of the four genes suggest that these genes formed during the evolutionary history of M. oryzae. Synteny analyses using closely related fungal species corroborated the notion that these genes evolved de novo in the M. oryzae genome. In this report, we discuss our inability to detect phenotypic changes in the four deletion mutants. Based on these results, the four orphan genes may be products of de novo gene birth processes, and their adaptive potential is in the course of being tested for retention or extinction through natural selection.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 2010

Antibodies are powerful and versatile tools to play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Their application has been enhanced significantly with the advanced recombinant DNA and heterologonous expression technologies, allowing to produce immunotherapeutic proteins with improved biofunctional properties. However, with currently available technologies, mammalian cell-based therapeutic antibody production, as an alternative for production in humans and animals, is often not plentiful for passive immunotherapeutics in treatment of many diseases. Recently, plant expression systems for therapeutic antibodies have become well-established. Thus, plants have been considered to provide an attractive alternative production system for therapeutic antibodies, as plants have several advantages such as the lack of human pathogens, and low cost of upstream production and flexible scale-up of highly valuable recombinant glycoproteins. Recent advances in modification of posttranslational processing for human-like glycosylation in transgenic plants will make it possible that plant can become a suitable protein expression system over the animal cellbased current production system. This review will discuss recent advances in plant expression technology and issues for their application to therapeutic antibody production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-36
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• 2013

Plant industry is one of technology-intensive and most prosperous industries in Korea because of its recent prosperity and promising outlook in export. However, no Korean EPC company has yet been well prepared in lifting their capacity sufficient enough to get the upstream conceptual or basic design and engineering orders for sizable plant projects which are known as the more value-added. If systems engineering, a methodology which developed complex systems such as airplanes and has been justified its effectiveness in Defense and NASA projects, can be integrated with plant engineering which should be developed and applied based on the requirements of so many stakeholders, conditions, lifecycle concepts, and constraints of the projects, huge synergic effect is expected particularly in developing a specific upstream design, which is a conceptual or basic design. The notion of integration with each other between systems engineering and plant engineering can be really the crux of EPC's success in any plant projects. This paper suggests an approach showing a methodology how to dig out, analyze, evaluate, verify and implement the stakeholders' requirements into a plant design in conceptual phase using the theory and skills of systems engineering. ISO/IEC 15288 well known systems engineering standards is used. Carbon capture system is used for a case study, for it is an emerging technology in reducing emissions of carbon dioxide causing global warming from flue gas after combustion. Here systems engineering was proven to play a substantial role in enhancing the capability of designers in developing a conceptual design of whole plant or certain part of crucial plant systems.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.43-50
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• 2013

Recent researches on plant factory system deal with the convergence of lighting technology, agricultural technology inclusive to the high-tech industries worldwide in order to respond to the decreasing crop harvest due to global warming and abnormal weather phenomena. However, the fundamental performance standard is not currently being introduced in the case of plants factory and its commercialization is not activated because of high initial investment and operating cost. Large portion of the initial investment and operating cost of a plant factory is ascribed to artificial light sources and thermal control facilities, therefore, innovation should be provided in order to improve the economics of the plant factory. As an alternative, new plant factory could harness solar thermal and geothermal systems for heating, cooling and ventilation. In this study, a natural light dependent multi-layer plant factory's thermal environment was analyzed with two-dimensional numerical methods to elicit efficient operation conditions for optimized internal physical environment. Depending on the supply air temperature and airflow rate introduced in the facility, the temperature changes around the crops was interpreted. Since the air supplied into the plant factory does not stay long enough, the ambient temperature predicted around the plating trays was not significantly different from that of the supplied air. However, the changes of airflow rate and air flow pattern could cause difference to the temperature around the planting trays. Increasing the amount of time of air staying around the planting trays could improve energy performance in case the thermal environment of a natural light based multi-layer plant factory is considered.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2015

Although airborne pollen is invisible to the eye, it has been known as a major source to respiratory allergic reactions. For this reason, airborne pollen is monitoring in many countries to predict pollen concentration based on locality and season. However, the morphological characteristics of airborne pollen and their potential tendency as an allergen are still obscure. In the present study, we selected 52 airborne pollen samples based on previously reported data and investigated their detail pollen characteristics using LM and SEM. Major airborne pollen in Korea has sorted in 19 families (most angiosperms except four gymnosperm families), and all pollen grains are small to medium in size ($P=17.34-49.86{\mu}m$) apart from the bisaccate pollen grains of Pinaceae ($P=46.49-106.20{\mu}m$). The aperture number and shape vary from sulcate to polyporate. While the inaperture pollen has found only in gymnosperm (Cupressaceae and Taxaceae), triporate or polyporate is common pollen type in angiosperm. The sexine ornamentations could divide into several types, but the most sculpturing types are inconspicuous like psilate, rugulate and granulate. Reticulate pollen grains as a semitectum have occurred the species of genera Platanus and Fraxinus only. To estimate the possible relationships between pollen features and allergen, the results are discussed in botanical context.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.979-986
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• 2014

Plant pathogenic RNA viruses are present in a variety of plant-based foods. When ingested by humans, these viruses can survive the passage through the digestive tract, and are frequently detected in human feces. Kimchi is a traditional fermented Korean food made from cabbage or vegetables, with a variety of other plant-based ingredients, including ground red pepper and garlic paste. We analyzed microbial metatranscriptome data from kimchi at five fermentation stages to identify plant RNA virus-derived sequences. We successfully identified a substantial amount of plant RNA virus sequences, especially during the early stages of fermentation: 23.47% and 16.45% of total clean reads on days 7 and 13, respectively. The most abundant plant RNA virus sequences were from pepper mild mottle virus, a major pathogen of red peppers; this constituted 95% of the total RNA virus sequences identified throughout the fermentation period. We observed distinct sequencing read-depth distributions for plant RNA virus genomes, possibly implying intrinsic and/or technical biases during the metatranscriptome generation procedure. We also identified RNA virus sequences in publicly available microbial metatranscriptome data sets. We propose that metatranscriptome data may serve as a valuable resource for RNA virus detection, and a systematic screening of the ingredients may help prevent the use of virus-infected low-quality materials for food production.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.485-498
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to find out the status of plant utilization in the current textbooks by analyzing the plants by grade and subject in the national textbooks for all elementary school grades in the 2015 revised curriculum in Korea. Methods: The data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel to obtain the frequency and ratio of collected plant data and SPSS for Windows 26.0 to determine learning content areas by grade and the R program was used to visualize the learning content areas. Results: A total of 232 species of plants were presented 1,047 times in the national textbooks. Based on an analysis of the plants presented by grade, the species that continued to increase in the lower grades tended to decrease in the fifth and sixth grades, the upper grades of elementary school. As for the number and frequency of plant species by subject, Korean Language had the highest number and frequency of plant species. The types of presentation of plants in textbooks were mainly text, followed by illustrations and photos of plants, which were largely used in first grade textbooks. In addition, as for the area of learning contents in which plants are used, in the lower grades, plants were used in the linguistic domain, and in the upper grades, in the botanical and environmental domains of the natural sciences. Herbaceous plants were presented more than woody plants, and according to an analysis of the plants based on the classification of crops, horticultural crops were presented the most, followed by food crops. Out of horticultural crops, flowering plants were found the most diversity with 63 species, but the plants that appeared most frequently were fruit trees that are commonly encountered in real life. Conclusion: As a result of this study, various plant species were included in elementary school textbooks, but most of them were horticultural crops encountered in real life depending on their use. Nevertheless, plant species with high frequency have continued a similar trend of frequency from the previous curriculums. Therefore, in the next curriculum, plant learning materials should be reflected according to social changes and students' preference for plants.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 1997

Wave deformation due to Oscillating water column (OWC) plant was studied. To solve this problem, three dimensional numerical method based on Improved Green integral equation was applied. Method condition was considered as well as fixed condition and freely floating condition. From the calculation results, main characteriatic of wave deformation due to OWC plant were discussed. Also, some calculations for the floating barge were performed to confirm the validity of numerical solution of the method.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.54-60
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• 2018

In this paper, we analyze the trends of deep-learning based plant data processing technologies. In recent years, the deep-learning technology has been widely applied to various AI tasks, such as vision (image classification, image segmentation, and so on) and natural language processing because it shows a higher performance on such tasks. The deep-leaning method is also applied to plant data processing tasks and shows a significant performance. We analyze and show how the deep-learning method is applied to plant data processing tasks and related industries.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.48.6-48
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• 2002

in this paper, each methodology, e.g. normal single PID controller, direct synthesis method and inverse response compensator, will be compared to determine the best inverse response plant control method, by based on the appearance of the control performance and robustness from the simulation results. The flexibility of being able to maintain the system stability during the presence of plant model mismatch is one of the criteria to measure the robustness of overall control system. Once, plant has changed the condition, the model will need to be updated. Hence, the designed controller will not work properly. The caused of plant model mismatch is stayed by definition unknown but the most possib...