• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.173-184
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• 1969

To elucidate the effect of Amo-1618(4-hydroxyl-5-isopropyl-2-methlphenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 1-piperidine carboxylate) known as a kind of growth retardant, on the growth, grain yield, increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, behavior of mineral nutritions and the rate of phosphorus utilization, this experiment was conducted pot culture method in a vinyl house. Two nitrogen level, namely, practical nitrogen level(1 N) and three times nitrogen level(3 N) was made and labelled double-calcium-superphosphate $Ca(H_2P^{32}O_4)_2.\;2H_2O)$ as a source of radioactive phosphorus(P-32) was employed $80\;{\mu}c/pot$, respectively. Rice seedlings, variety 'Suwon No. 82', was transplanted to a 1/50,000 a china pot on June 13 in 1968. For treatment, at early stage of tillering, 10,000 ppm solution of Amo-1618 was foliar sprayed only one time. The Duncan's new mutiple-range test was adopted for statistical analysis evaluating experimental data at 5% level significance. The results obtained may be summarized as follows; 1) No significant difference was found among the treatments in plant height, but in plot of Amo-1618 treatment and 3 N level, number of tillers was significantly increased than that of others. 2) Weight of 10,000 kernels and seed-setting rate was also remarkably increased in same treatment above. 3) Grain yield per pot was significantly increased in Amo-1618 and 3 N level application. This results seemed to be due to the increased the factors on the yield. 4) Contents of nitrogen and phosphorus per cent in the grain was likewise increased in Amo-1618 and 3 N application. There is, however, no difference among treatments in the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves and culms of rice plants. 5) On the other hand, the contents of potassium and magnesium, no distinctly tendeny showed among treatments. 6) The rate of phosphorus utilization was significantly increased in the plot of Amo-1618 and 3 N application.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the impact of elevated temperature based on climate change scenario on growth and bulb quality of extremely early-maturing onion (Allium cepa L. cv. Singsingball) in the temperature gradient tunnels. There were treated with 3 groups, one is a control group (ambient temperature, mean temperature at $9.8^{\circ}C$), another ambient temperature $+2^{\circ}C$ (mean temperature at $12.0^{\circ}C$), and the other ambient temperature $+5^{\circ}C$ (mean temperature at $14.3^{\circ}C$). Compared with the control, plant height, neck diameter, leaf area, top fresh weight and dry weight were significantly increased at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature. Bulb diameter and bulb weight was highest at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature (mean temperature at $12.0^{\circ}C$) during the growth period. Bulb/neck diameter ratio, over 2.0 a good indicator of development of bulb, increased rapidly at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature. This result suggests that extremely early-maturing onion (Allium cepa L. cv. Singsingball) could maintain the higher productivity and bulb quality at ambient $+2^{\circ}C$ temperature. On the contrary, $5^{\circ}C$ higher than atmospheric temperature shows negative effects on yields under a future climate change scenario.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1994

These studies were Conducted to survey cultivation methods, and to analyze soil chemical properties for stable production of Aralia continentalis K., a promising medicinal crop, in the main producting districts. Aralia continentalis K. was cultivated with planting budstocks in distances of $90cm{\times}60cm$ for 3~4 years in the same field, and application rates were N 10~31 kg/10a and P, K 8~17/10a using inorganic fertilizer, that is compound fertilizer(21-17-17) for basal dressings and urea for topdressings. Most of all, the soil surveyed was coarse loamy class which was well drained and soil depth is 50~150cm in the valleys. Soil pH was low, and content of organic matters and av. $P_2O_5$ was abundant but that of exchangeable cation such as Ca, Mg, K was deficient. The relationship between growth characteristics and weight of fresh root was positive correlation in the order of No. of root, stem width, No. of node and branch, plant height and root width. On the path coefficiant analysis, the relationship between content of soil K, Ca and root yield was more apparent than other chemical properties.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 1987

This study was conducted to examine the possibility of complete lodging. prevention, the growth and yield of the paddy rice plant by paciobutrazol 0.6%G application at 15 days before heading under the several levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 kg/10a) of nitrogen fertilizer in 1986. Culm length was shortened 10-15% by paclobutrazol application. The shortened rate of internode was very extreme on the 3rd and 4th internode in paclobutrazol application. Moment the height of center gravity and lodging index turned higher with increasing nitrogen fertilizer, on the other hand, those of paclobutrazol application were smaller than control. Lodging degree (0~4) was 1~3 above 25kg/10a level of nitrogen fertilizer in control, however, no more than 1 at 45kg/10a level of nitrogen fertilizer in paclobutrazol application. Ripened grain ratio and grain weight of paclobutrazol application were larger than those of control. Yield increased more 15-26% in paclobutrazol application than control. The nitrogen level of maximum yield was about 25kg/10a in control, but was 31kg/10a in paclobutrazol application.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 1993

Differences in community space of weed and rice were investigated among five types of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation. The five types employed were three transplanting cultivations such as conventional hand transplanting, machine transplanting with 30-day-old seedling, and machine transplanting with 10-day-old seedling and two direct-seedlings such as flood direct-seeded rice by pregerminated seed and dry direct-seeded rice by dry seed. The greatest competition between rice and weeds as determined by growth rate of rice was found in between 10 and 11 weeks after transplanting (WAT) and/or seeding, irrespective of cultivation types. Competition injury due to weeds was greater in transplanting with 10-day-old seedling than with 30-day-old seedling. The greatest injury in growth of rice was found in direct-seeded cultivation. In transplanting cultivations space occupation by rice in lower than 80 cm height level was low as compared with that by weeds. Plant heights of dominant weeds such as E. crus-galli and E. kuroguwai were shorter by heading date, but taller after the heading date than those of rice. In direct-seeding community space was mainly occupied by the weeds. The pattern of community structure and competition injury caused by weeds showed a similar tendency obtained on the basis of species distribution, number, and dry weight of the occurred weeds.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2012

This study was carried out to compare the agronomic characteristics, forage yield, and feed value of nine sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrids at paddy field cultivation. The nine recommended sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrids used in this study were P877F, Cow pow, Turbo gold, Maxi graze, Jumbo, G7, Sweet home, Honey chew BMR and Green star. Plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, and stem hardness were higher in Jumbo than other varieties (P<0.01). Sugar content (brix) was higher in order of P877F > Sweet home > maxi graze > Green star > Cow pow > G7 (P<0.01). Fresh (86,199kg/ha) and dry matter yield (16,206 kg/ha) of Jumbo were higher than other varieties (P<0.01). Crude protein was the highest in Maxi graze (6.5%), but crude fat was the highest in Honey chew BMR as 2.1% (P<0.01). NDF and ADF of Jumbo and G7 were higher than other varieties (P<0.01). TDN was higher in order of Maxi graze > Sweet home > P877F > Honey chew BMR > Green star, but no significant differences were found among the varieties. Minerals were the highest in Cow pow (15,020.5 mg/kg), and Sweet home (6,222.6 mg/kg) was the lowest as compared to other varieties (P<0.01). Total amino acids were higher in order of Maxi graze > Sweet home > Turbo gold > Honey chew BMR > Jumbo (P<0.01). Crude protein yield and crude fat yield were the highest in Turbo gold (814.6 kg/ha) and Honey chew BMR (309.8kg/ha), respectively (P<0.01). Mineral yield was the highest in Cow pow as 207.6 kg/ha (P<0.01). Amino acid yield (592.2 kg/ha) and TDN yield (10,194 kg/ha) were the highest in Sweet home. Based on the above results, sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid varieties should be selected on the basis of the purpose of use. Because, each varieties showed various growth characteristics and nutrition yield (protein, fat, mineral, amino acid, TDN).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2001

A soil temperature was known as extremely important factor in terms of measuring the values of the growth and yield of vegetable in the greenhouse. A low temperature water irrigation was had much trouble in its growth. This study was performed to analyze the effect of the heating water irrigation on the soil temperature and the growth of a cucumber within a greenhouse environment. Soil temperature was 5-7$^{\circ}C$ below to 10cm in depth and 2-3$^{\circ}C$ to 20cm when the irrigation water temperature was 13$^{\circ}C$ (non-warme water irrigation). Soil temperature was similar to irrigation water temperature at 5cm in depth and was 1.5-2$^{\circ}C$ below at 10cm when the irrigation water temperatures were 2$0^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$. The early growth rates of heating water irrigation were 109-110% in plant height, 107-108% in leaf number, 103% in node number compared with those of unheated water irrigation for 30 days after planting it. The rates of total yield were 115% in 2$0^{\circ}C$ water irrigation plots and 121% in $25^{\circ}C$ water irrigation plots while those of unheated water irrigation plots were.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to find out the compositions of nutrient solution for closed system in substrate culture of cucumber. Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L. cv. Eunsung baekdadagi) plants were grown in the substrates supplied with the nutrient solutions whose strengths were 1/2, 1, and 3/2 of the original concentration developed by National Horticultural Research Station in Japan. By increasing the nutrient concentrations, plant height decreased but leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number showed little differences. A number of marketable fruit and marketable yield were the highest in the concentration of 1 strength. The nutrient compositions of solution developed for closed system in cucumber substrate culture were N 11.4, P 3.3, K 6.0, Ca 4.5, and Mg 3.5 me.$\ell$$^{-1}$ during the vegetative growth period and N 10.4, P 3.3, K 5.0, Ca 4.5, and Mg 3,5 me.$\ell$$^{-1}$ during the reproductive growth period. To examine the suitability of nutrient solution developed in the above experiment, cucumber plants were grown in the substrates supplied with different solutions and concentrations - Yamasaki's nutrient solution(Yamasaki) of 1 S, nutrient solution of Research Station for Greenhouse Vegetable and Floriculture on the Netherlands(PTG) of 1 S, nutrient solution developed in the above experiment(SCU) of 1/2, 1, and 3/2 S. EC and pH in root zone changed little in the all treatments during growing period. As cucumber plants grew, the concentrations of N, P, and K in root zone decreased but Ca concentration increased. Net $CO_2$ assimilation rate of cucumber leaves was high in SCU of 1 and 3/2 S, and Yamasaki of 1 S. Growth of cucumber plants was the lowest in SCU of 1/2 S.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of light intensity (100, 200, 400 ${\mu}mol\;{\codt}\;m^{-2}\;{\cdot}\;s^{-1}$, and natural light) on the growth and the fruit quality of cucumber(Cucumis sativus cv. Hyakunari-3). The results of this experiment indicated that plant height and length of lateral shoots were decreased under low light condition, but it was not significantly different among treatments. Leaf area and root weight were lowest under low light intensity(100 ${\mu}mol\;{\codt}\;m^{-2}\;{\cdot}\;s^{-1}$), but no significant differences were noted between 200 and 400 ${\mu}mol\;{\codt}\;m^{-2}\;{\cdot}\;s^{-1}$. Photosynthesis rate was decreased with reduced light intensity and total chlorophyll contents, root activity and xylem sap were also decreased under low light intensity, but there was no significant difference between 200 and 400 ${\mu}mol\;{\codt}\;m^{-2}\;{\cdot}\;s^{-1}$. From the SEM observation the erosion of the guard cells and closed stomata in low light treatment were shown and the size of stoma were small also the stomatal aperture were decreased with reducing the light intensity. Chlorosis in leaves and aborted-liked fruits were appeared under low light condition and Ca and Mg uptake in leaves were decreased by shading in proportion to the decrease of light intensity. Fruit yields were decreased by 65% under 400 ${\mu}mol\;{\codt}\;m^{-2}\;{\cdot}\;s^{-1}$, and by 80${\sim}$90% under 200 and 100 ${\mu}mol\;{\codt}\;m^{-2}\;{\cdot}\;s^{-1}$, compared to those under the natural light. This low intensity of light caused the sharp decrease in the early harvested yields within two weeks and the fruit yields of lateral shoots were greatly decreased.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

This study aimed to investigate the effect of night temperature on the productivity, growth, and fruit characteristics of tomatoes and set the optimal night air temperature. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Superdoterang and cv. Rapito) were grown at 5, 10, 15, and $20^{\circ}C$ during night time and ventilation temperature point during day time set $27^{\circ}C$. Depending on night air temperature, plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of each organ, leaf, stem, and root were changed. Condition of high night temperature resulted in promotion of tomatoes growth with high dry weight and fresh weight. However, the dry weight under night temperature $20^{\circ}C$ decreased, especially, in 'Superdoterang'. On changes of yield, 'Rapito' showed higher productivity than 'Superdoterang' and the highest productivity point for nigh temperature is $13.32^{\circ}C$ for 'Superdoterang' and $14.25^{\circ}C$ for 'Rapito'. Although the total yield decreased from the point, the daily productivity increased with increasing night temperature, the highest point for nigh temperature is $14.45^{\circ}C$ for 'Superdoterang' and $16.46^{\circ}C$ for 'Rapito'. High temperature deceased the fruit weight and increased total soluble solid content in fruits. It is concluded that the night air temperature changes productivity of tomato and the temperatures between productivity and growth velocity have differences depending on different cultivars. scores than the other beef jerky samples (p<0.05).