Weed Occurrence and Competitive Characteristic under Different Cultivation Types of Rice(Oyriza sativa L.) - 2. Competition for Community Space of Rice and Weed

수도(水稻) 재배유형별(栽培類型別) 잡초발생양상(雜草發生樣相)과 경합특성(競合特性) - 제(第) 2 보(報). 군락공간(群落空間)에 대한 벼와 잡초(雜草)의 경합(競合)

  • Im, I.B. (Honam Crop Experiment Station, RDA) ;
  • Guh, J.O. (Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lee, S.Y. (Honam Crop Experiment Station, RDA)
  • Received : 1993.02.24
  • Published : 1993.03.30

Abstract

Differences in community space of weed and rice were investigated among five types of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation. The five types employed were three transplanting cultivations such as conventional hand transplanting, machine transplanting with 30-day-old seedling, and machine transplanting with 10-day-old seedling and two direct-seedlings such as flood direct-seeded rice by pregerminated seed and dry direct-seeded rice by dry seed. The greatest competition between rice and weeds as determined by growth rate of rice was found in between 10 and 11 weeks after transplanting (WAT) and/or seeding, irrespective of cultivation types. Competition injury due to weeds was greater in transplanting with 10-day-old seedling than with 30-day-old seedling. The greatest injury in growth of rice was found in direct-seeded cultivation. In transplanting cultivations space occupation by rice in lower than 80 cm height level was low as compared with that by weeds. Plant heights of dominant weeds such as E. crus-galli and E. kuroguwai were shorter by heading date, but taller after the heading date than those of rice. In direct-seeding community space was mainly occupied by the weeds. The pattern of community structure and competition injury caused by weeds showed a similar tendency obtained on the basis of species distribution, number, and dry weight of the occurred weeds.

1. 벼의 생장율(生長率) 중묘(中苗)보다는 어린모를 이앙(移秧)할 경우(境遇)에 잡초(雜草)와의 경합해(競合害)가 컸으며, 이보다 직파(直播)에서는 더욱 치명적(致命的)이었으나, 담수(湛水) 및 건답직파재배간(乾畓直播我培間)에는 차이(差異)가 크지 않았다. 잡초경합(雜草競合)의 영향(影響)이 가장 컸던 시기(時期)는 이앙재배(移秧栽培)에서는 이앙후(移秧後) 10-11주(週), 담수직파(湛水直播)에서는 파종후(播種後) 11주(週), 건답직파(乾畓直播)에서는 파종후(播種後) 12주(週)에 해당하였다. 2. 벼와 잡초(雜草)의 군락구조(群落構造) : 관행이앙(慣行移秧)과 잡초(雜草) 기계이앙(機械移快)에서는 잡초(雜草)의 군락(群落) 점유율(占有率)이 늦어서 80cm이하(以下) 부위(部位)에서의 벼 공간점유율(空間占有率)이 특히 떨어지는 경향(傾向)이었으며 담수(湛水) 및 건답직파재배(乾畓直播我培)에서는 상하위(上下位)의 군락공간(群落空間)을 전체적(全體的)으로 잡초(雜草)가 점유(占有)하였다. 3. 벼와 잡초(雜草)의 초장신장(草長伸長) : 관행이앙재배(慣行移秧栽培)에서는 출수기(出穗期) 이전(以前)까지 벼의 초장(草長)이 상위(上位)에 있었으나 그 이후(以後)부터는 피와 올방개가 상위(上位)를 점하였으며, 중묘(中苗) 및 어린모 기계이앙재배(機械移秧栽培)에서는 출수기(出穗期)까지 벼와 잡초간(雜草間)에 상호경합적(且互競合的)인 관계(關係)에 있다가 이후(以後)에는 잡초(雜草)가 상위(上位)를 점하였다. 반면에 담수직파재배(湛水直播栽培)에서는 출수기(出穗期) 5주(週)까지 벼와 잡초간(雜草間)에 상호(相互) 경합적(競合的)이다가 6주이후(週以後)에는 피와 너도방동사니, 9주(週) 이후(以後)에는 올방개, 10주(週) 이후(以後)에는 알방동사니가 차례로 우위(優位)를 차지하였으며, 건답직파(乾畓直播)에서는 피가 생육(生育) 전기간(全期間)을 통하여 상위(上位)를 점하는 경향(傾向)이었다.

Keywords