• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2001

This paper presents a process and operation planning system with an NC code post-processor for effective machining of press dies for production of cars. Based on the machining features, major parts of press dies are categorized into 15 groups and a standard process plan is defined for each group. The standard process plan consists of a series of processes where a process is defined as a group of operations that can be done with one setup. Details such as cutting tools, cutting conditions, and tool paths are decided at the operation planning stage. At the final stage of process and operation planning, the NC code post-processor we developed adjusts feedrates along the tool path to reduce machining time. The adjustment rule is selected based on the metal removal rate estimated by virtually machining with virtual cutting tool.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-48
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• 2018

SK group has been a pioneer in overall brand management and, more recently, in CSR-imbedded brand management. SK vision of "improving itself to give greater happiness to all of its customers" and the symbol mark of "Wings of Happiness" are some good examples of integrating distinct brand identities of various member companies. After impressive growth and expansions into diverse business areas, SK group is ranked as the third largest company based on asset amounts according to the Fair Trade Commission of Korea, only after Samsung and Hyundai Motor groups. SK brand management can be analyzed, using the framework of 4 stages - 'infrastructure', 'planning', 'doing', and 'seeing' stages. In order to secure 'infrastructure' of brand management system, SK has invested huge resources to the 'SK BMS' (SK Brand Management System). At the 'planning' stage, the most important task of SK like other Korean business groups is perhaps to adopt a well-organized 'brand identity (BI) system' which may consolidate brand values of individual member companies. In actuality, SK BI consists of Customer Happiness located at the center and 3 other elements of Pride, Professionalism, and Customer-orientation. At the 'doing' stage, the slogan of 'OK! SK' and the logo of 'Wings of Happiness' have been placed at the core of the SK group brand building programs. SK adopts the principle of 'independent yet united', pinpointing that each member company independently works for its business performance but it is, at the same time, encouraged to integrate its capabilities for the SK group brand. In addition, SK has sought 'shared growth' with business partners for happiness for all the members in the society. 'Social Contribution Philosophy' based on SK value of 'creation of greater happiness' is again one of the most important guidelines for CSR (corporate social responsibility) at the doing stage. At the seeing stage, SK regularly evaluates its branding programs. SK has shown some very impressive achievements in brand management: (1) a core identity of 'Customer Happiness' participating member companies may share, (2) harmonious relationships between the group brand management office and brand management divisions of member companies, and (3) consistency-keeping in brand management over time. However, there remain two major challenges: (1) globalization of SK and (2) reinforcing sustainable superiority over not only Korean rivals but also global ones.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.355-365
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• 1994

Ilizarov limb lengthening has been the new method to deal with a variety of orthopaedic problems. Ilizarov apparatus consists of stainless steel rings that surround the limb and are interconnected by threaded rods. Tensioned wires pierce the bone in the plane of each ring and are tightly attached to the ring. Ilizarov has reported distraction osteogenesis with the use of the typical fixator that allows functional loading. The purpose of this commentary is to introduce a four-stage rehabilitation protocol currently used by the authors in the physical therapy management of a post -limb lengthening. Each treament stage corresponds to a medical stage in the lengthening process. Treatment goals for each of the physical therapy treatment stage are presented to guide treatment planning. Two case examples are presented to illustrate the use of the management goals in treatment planning.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

When planning buildings, safety should be considered as a priority over any other performance. The study aims to derive and systematize elements that can be reflected in the design stage, which affects the safety of construction workers and building users. The elements for safety of workers are classified by type of work, and the elements for safety of users are classified by fields. Elements that are difficult to be reflected in design stage or those whose effects are insignificant are excluded. In addition, application scenarios have been proposed for each element so that the elements created in this study can be directly applied and utilized in practice. This will contribute to lowering the accident rate of construction projects by evaluating the harmful risks of construction projects at the design stage.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.547-553
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• 2008

Multi Progress Planning System problem in a multi-stage manufacturing system have a complexity and peculiarity different from other kinds of production system. World leading company has invested much cost and effort into a Real-Time Planning System and intelligent manufacturing field to obtain their own competitiveness. Especially Real-Time Planning System for ship production process as a part of intelligence for a shipyard. Real-Time Planning System, simulation based system, or virtual manufacturing system is an approach to achieve a such goal. It is expected that the Real-Time Planning System will contribute to the improvement of the productivity in working process at a shipyard. Also, This Real-Time Planning System will optimize the entire shipbuilding process in a multi progress planning environment for the delivery.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.32-41
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• 2009

In the execution of construction management, such pre-design steps as a planning stage, a basic design stage, and a work design stage are regarded as more important than an actual construction stage. However, the manpower input criterion from the aspect of construction management price standard in the Construction Engineering Management Law does not attach weight to the pre-design stage. In this regard, the aim of this study was to examine the propriety of manpower input in the pre-design stage of construction management and then present an improvement strategy of it. For this, the investigator examined the criterion of service price prescribed in the Construction Engineering Management Law and then comparatively analyzed four sites of construction management services. Study findings are as follows: 1) the actual state of manpower input based on the stepwise average price criterion of construction management service is presented with such steps as the newly established planning step (6.6%), the basic design stage (3.9%$\rightarrow$5.6%), the practical design stage(7.6%$\rightarrow$13.5%), the construction stage (88.5%$\rightarrow$64.0%), and the newly established maintenance stage (10.3%). The average price criterion is classified by total construction expenses and calculated by improved rates and stage; and 2) the three-step criterion of the Construction Engineering Management Law is classified into five stages including the planning stage and the maintenance stage by dividing it with the stepwise construction businesses. Study findings show that the calculation of price criterion in the actual site of construction management services must be operated in a practical and flexible manner and the systematic improvement of stepwise manpower input must be carried out actually.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.389-400
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were to analyze chemistry problem solving processes of middle school students and to compare their problem solving behaviors in the aspects of the cognitive developmental level of student, the success in problem solving, and the context of problem. Their failures in solving problems were also analyzed in the aspects of problem solving stage and prior knowledge. Forty-two students individually solved four problems regarding density and solubility using a think-aloud method. Students' responses were analyzed after intercoder agreement for analyzing problem-solving processes had been established to be 0.94. The results were as follows: 1. Most students solved chemistry problems following the stages of understanding, planning, and solving, while few exhibited the behaviors of the reviewing stage. There was also individual difference in the number of the stages repeated and their behaviors at each stage. 2. Most students were successful in understanding problems. However, unsuccessful and/or concrete-operational students had more difficulties in understanding problems than successful and/or formal-operational students, and students tended to have more difficulties in understanding problems in everyday contexts than in scientific contexts. 3. Successful and/or formal-operational students exhibited more behaviors of the planning stage than unsuccessful and/or concrete-operational students. Students showed more behaviors of the planning stage, but failed more at this stage, in everyday contexts than in scientific contexts. 4. Most students did not review their solutions. Successful and/or formal-operational students exhibited these behaviors more than unsuccessful and/or concrete-operational students. Students tended to exhibit the behaviors more in everyday contexts than in scientific contexts. 5. Many students failed to solve problems correctly due to the lack of prior knowledge and the inability to plan appropriately.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.711-717
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• 2009

In this study, SWMM model is used to reproduce the main storm sewer system located in the Nae-Hang drainage basin of the Mokpo city and keep track of flood discharge. Given the outlet of the reaches border the coastline, this paper has taken the dual-drainage approach to perform inundation simulation, considering both the overflows and inflows at the manholes of the sewer system, and at the same time, taking the impacts of tidal stage into consideration. The following conclusions are reached in this study: First, when planning lowland sewer system alongside the coastline or the riverside, the tidal stage or flood stage need to be considered in the planning and design processes. Second, an analysis that fails to consider overflow and inundation at the manholes may overestimate inundation depth of the flooded area. In other words, in order to estimate flood discharge and flood stage in a lowland storm sewer system, it is desirable to analyze the conveyance capacity of storm sewer system and simulate overflow and inundation at the manholes at the same time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to develop the allocation method which could be applied to the transitional stage between analysis and synthesis to select the best alternative in landscape planning process. By using the matrix of alternatives with site-planning elements locational drawing in each, the combinational allocation method can make the process more rational and also more efficient. Hand-drawn map overlay technique accommodates the work I handy way. The method is useful in building conceptual scheme in landscape planning especially when it is applied to small scale project.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2012

The main objective of this study is to explore methods to generate and develop its design concept of the discord generated due to this by deeply considering the existing design concept of a new town or site planning. In particular, in case when designers participate in a process of planning new town, this study aims to reveal methods generating design strategy and basic ideas for designing street furniture through cases study of projects by understanding and analyzing concept of overall space planning and by developing direction for deployment of specific designs. First, further concepts of the space planning, which decides overall flow of visual design concept of street furniture, is extracted through analyses of basic concepts of space design with doing Focused Group Interview among designers and planners. Then, by applying 3V Design Process, alternatives of the concept generation are suggested through methods of storytelling and visual language under the two approach methods of verbalization stage and visualization stage. Also its process were explored through suggestion of designs by developing each idea of the respective concepts into specific design vocabulary.