• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.292-297
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• 2015

A new cultivar of Hibiscus 'Red Bohanjae' (Hibiscus syriacus 'Red Bohanjae') was developed after crossing between Hibiscus syriacus 'Andong' (♀) with white flowers and Hibiscus syriacus 'Samchully' (♂) with pink flowers to improve flower quality and growth habit. The Hibiscus breeding program was initiated in 2002, and H. syriacus 'Red Bohanjae' was preliminarily selected as '02-RV-17' in 2003 due to its stable flower quality with rich pink flowers and small tree type. The selected line was further evaluated for growth characteristics, leaf shape, leaf size, flowering characteristics, and tested for distinctness, homogeneity, and stability during 2004-2007. The characteristics preserved by grafting. 'Red Bohanjae' showed a small growth habit with slightly upright branches. The tree had potential use as a potted plant or bonsai because of its dwarf form. The new cultivar 'Red Bohanjae' had violet-pink color flowers (RHS N78C) with red eye spots, small size (9.2 cm) and spatulate (I-type) petals. Leaves were 4.2 cm long and 2.3 cm wide. After the evaluation of plant characteristics for 3 years (2005-2007), it was registered as cultivar 'Red Bohanjae' (4118, plant variety protection rights number) in 2012. 'Red Bohanjae' having violet-pink flowers with red eye and dwarf tree form seems to be suitable for pot or bonsai cultivation in both indoor and outdoor conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.586-597
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between the personal color types and personality types and analyze the differences in color preference according to the personal color types and personality types. This study was conducted by using questionnaire method and drape diagnosis method in parallel. The results are as follows. First, in case of introversion (I), the summer type took the most and spring, fall, and winter type followed respectively. Also in the case of extroversion (E), the summer type took the most and spring, fall, and winter type followed respectively. Second, the spring type preferred yellow, the summer type, blue, the fall type, brown, and winter type, blue the most. For the preference of the tone of color, all 4 types preferred the pastel tones the most. For the lipstick colors, the spring and summer type preferred the pink color, the fall type, orange and winter type, red the most. For eye shadows, the spring type preferred orange, summer type, blue, fall type, orange and winter type, pink. For nail colors, all 4 types preferred pink the most. Third, the most preferred color for introversion (I) was red group. In contrast, the most preferred color for extroversion (E) was yellow group. In the tone of preferred colors, both introversion and extroversion preferred the pastel tones the most. In lipstick colors, eye shadow colors, and nail colors, both introversion and extroversion preferred the pink group colors the most.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.10
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• pp.69-100
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• 1968

1. In order to investigate on the microflora and enzyme activity of mold wheat 'Nuruk' , the major source of microorganisms for the brewing of Takju (a Korean Sake), two samples of Nuruk, one prepared at the College of Agriculture, Chung Nam University (S) and the other perchased at a market (T), were taken for the study. The molds, aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts were examined and counted. The yeasts were classified by the treatment with TTC (2, 3, 5 triphenyltetrazolium chloride) agar that yields a varied shade of color. The amylase and protease activities of Nuruk were measured. The results were as the followings. a) In the Nuruk S found were: Aspergillus oryzae group, $204{\times}10^5$; Black Aspergilli, $163{\times}10^5$; Rhizogus, $20{\times}10^5$; Penicillia, $134{\times}10^5$; Areobic bacteria, $9{\times}10^6-2{\times}10^7$; Lactic acid bacteria, $3{\times}10^4$ In the Nuruk T found were: Aspergillus oryzae group, $836{\times}10^5$; Black Aspergilli, $286{\times}10^5$; Rhizopus, $623{\times}10^5$; Penicillia, $264{\times}10^5$; Aerobic bacteria, $5{\times}10^6-9{\times}10^6$; Lactic acid bacteria, $3{\times}10^4$ b) Eighty to ninety percent of the aerobic bacteria in Nuruk S appeared to belong to Bacillus subtilis while about 70% of those in Nuruk T seemed to be spherical bacteria. In both Nuruks about 80% of lactic acid bacteria were observed as spherical ones. c) The population of yeasts in 1g. of Nuruk S was about $6{\times}10^5$, 56.5% of which were TTC pink yeasts, 16% of which were TTC red pink yeasts, 8% of which were TTC red yeasts, 19.5% of which were TTC white yeasts. In Nuruk T(1g) the number of yeasts accounted for $14{\times}10^4$ and constituted of 42% TTC pink. 21% TTC red pink 28% TTC red and 9% TTC white. d) The enzyme activity of 1g Nuruk S was: Liquefying type Amylase, $D^{40}/_{30},=256$ W.V. Saccharifying type Amylase, 43.32 A.U. Acid protease, 181 C.F.U. Alkaline protease, 240C.F.U. The enzyme activity of 1g Nuruk T was: Liquefying type Amylase $D^{40}/_{30},=32$ W.V. Saccharifying type amylase $^{30}34.92$ A.U. Acid protease, 138 C.F.U. Alkaline protease 31 C.F.U. 2. During the fermentation of 'Takju' employing the Nuruks S and T the microflora and enzyme activity throughout the brewing were observed in 12 hour intervals. TTC pink and red yeasts considered to be the major yeasts were isolated and cultured. The strains ($1{\times}10^6/ml$) were added to the mashes S and T in which pH was adjusted to 4.2 and the change of microflora was examined during the fermentation. The results were: a) The molds disappeared from each sample plot since 2 to 3 days after mashing while the population of aerobic bacteria was found to be $10{\times}10^7-35{\times}10^7/ml$ inS plots and $8.2{\times}10^7-12{\times}10^7$ in plots. Among them the coccus propagated substantially until some 30 hours elasped in the S and T plots treated with lactic acid but decreased abruptly thereafter. In the plots of SP. SR. TP. and TR the coccus had not appeared from the beginning while the bacillus showed up and down changes in number and diminished by 1/5-1/10 the original at the end stage. b) The lactic acid bacteria observed in the S plot were about $7.4{\times}10^7$ in number per ml of the mash in 24 hours and increased up to around $2{\times}10^8$ until 3-4 days since. After this period the population decreased rapidly and reached about $4{\times}10^5$ at the end, In the plot T the lactic acid becteria found were about $3{\times}10^8$ at the period of 24 fours, about $3{\times}10$ in 3 days and about $2{\times}10^5$ at the end in number. In the plots SP. SR. TP, and TR the lactic acid bacteria observed were as less as $4{\times}10^5$ at the stage of 24 hours and after this period the organisms either remained unchanged in population or ceased to exist. c) The maiority of lactic acid bacteria found in each mash were spherical and the change in number displayed a tendency in accordance with the amount of lactic acid and alcohol produced in the mash. d) The yeasts had showed a marked propagation since the period of 24 hours when the number was about $2{\times}10^8$ ㎖ mash in the plot S. $4{\times}10^8$ in 48 hours and $5-7{\times}10^8$ in the end period were observed. In the plot T the number was $4{\times}10^8$ in 24 hours and thereafter changed up and down maintaining $2-5{\times}10^8$ in the range. e) Over 90% of the yeasts found in the mashes of S and T plots were TTC pink type while both TTC red pink and TTC red types held range of $2{\times}10-3{\times}10^7$ throughout the entire fermentation. f) The population of TTC pink yeasts in the plot SP was as $5{\times}10^8$ much as that is, twice of that of S plot at the period of 24 hours. The predominance in number continued until the middle and later stages but the order of number became about the same at the end. g) Total number of the yeasts observed in the plot SR showed little difference from that of the plot SP. The TTC red yeasts added appeared considerably in the early stage but days after the change in number was about the same as that of the plot S. In the plot TR the population of TTC red yeasts was predominant over the T plot in the early stage which there was no difference between two plots there after. For this reason even in the plot w hers TTC red yeasts were added TTC pink yeasts were predominant. TTC red yeasts observed in the present experiment showed continuing growth until the later stage but the rate was low. h) In the plot TP TTC pink yeasts were found to be about $5{\times}10^8$ in number at the period of 2 days and inclined to decrease thereafter. Compared with the plot T the number of TTC pink yeasts in the plot TP was predominant until the middle stage but became at the later stage. i) The productivity of alcohol in the mash was measured. The plot where TTC pink yeasts were added showed somewhat better yield in the earely stage but at and after the middle stage the difference between the yeast-added and the intact mashes was not recognizable. And the production of alcohol was not proportional to the total number of yeasts present. j) Activity of the liquefying amylase was the highest until 12 hours after mashing, somewhat lowered once after that, and again increased around 36-48 hours after mashing. Then the activity had decreased continuously. Activity of saccharifying amylase also decreased at the period of 24 hours and then increased until 48 hours when it reached the maximum. Since, the activity had gradually decreased until 72 hours and rapidly so did thereafter. k) Activity of alkaline protease during the fermentation of mash showed a tendency to decrease continusously although somewhat irregular. Activity of acid protease increased until hours at the maximum, then decreased rapidly, and again increased, the vigor of acid protease showed better shape than that of alkaline protease throughout. 3. TTC pink yeasts that were predominant in number, two strains of TTC red pink yeasts that appeared throughout the brewing, and TTC red yeasts were identified and the physiological characters examined. The results were as described below. a) TTC pinkyeasts (B-50P) and two strains of TTC red pink yeasts (B-54 RP & B-60 RP) w ere identified as the type of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and TTC pink red yeasts CB-53 R) were as the type of Hansenula subpelliculosa. b) The fermentability of four strains above mentioned were measured as follows. Two strains of TTC red pink yeasts were the highest, TTC pink yeasts were the lowest in the fermantability. The former three strains were active in the early stage of fermentation and found to be suitable for manufacturing 'Takju' TTC red yeasts were found to play an important role in Takju brewing due to its strong ability to produce esters although its fermentability was low. c) The tolerance against nitrous acid of strains of yeast was marked. That against lactic acid was only 3% in Koji extract, and TTC red yeasts showed somewhat stronger resistance. The tolerance against alcohol of TTC pink and red pink yeasts in the Hayduck solution was 7% while that in the malt extract was 13%. However, that of TTC red yeasts was much weaker than others. Liguefying activity of gelatin by those four strains of yeast was not recognized even in 40 days. 4. Fermentability during Takju brewing was shown in the first two days as much as 70-80% of total fermentation and around 90% of fermentation proceeded in 3-4 days. The main fermentation appeared to be completed during :his period. Productivity of alcohol during Takju brewing was found to be apporximately 65% of the total amount of starch put in mashing. 5. The reason that Saccharomyces coreanuss found be Saito in the mash of Takju was not detected in the present experiment is considered due to the facts that Aspergillus oryzae has been inoculated in the mold wheat (Nuruk) since around 1930 and also that Koji has been used in Takju brewing, consequently causing they complete change in microflora in the Takju brewing. This consideration will be supported by the fact that the original flavor and taste have now been remarkably changed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 1999

This study was carried out to find morphological characters of flower and its distribution in mixed population of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas. In distribution of flowering periods, early, medium, and late matured type were 18%, 56%, and 26%, respectively. Flowering duration was less than eight days in 9% of flowers. In next 9 to 11 days, 12 to 14 days and more than 15 days showed, 50%, 37% and 4% respectively. For flower sizes, small size below 9cm diameter were 11%, medium size between 9 to 13cm diameter and large size above 13cm diameter were 65% and 24%, respectively. Among six kinds of flower colors - red, red pink, pink, light pink, pale yellow and white, pink color flowers was dominant, showed 56%. In flower types, single flower was 76%, and anemone, crown, bomb and japanese types were also present. Flower stem diameter were positively correlated with flowering duration, flower size and number of stamens, and negatively correlated with number of stamens and pistils, number of pistils and petals.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.124-139
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• 2016

This study was carried out to characterize 127 recently developed cultivars of Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus spp.) in Korea and foreign Countries for landscape uses. The examined factors were growth characteristics such as tree height of a 1-year grafted plant(cm), plant type, growth habit, leaf characteristics such as shape and size, flower characteristics such as color, shape, size, and red eye during 2014 and 2015 for landscape uses. The results are obtained as follows; In the results of flower color of the 127 recently developed cultivars, pink color with red eye spot, white color with red eye spot, purplish red color with red eye spot, violet purple color with red eye spot, crimson color with red eye spot, asadal, blue color with red eye spot, and white color were distributed. In the flower characteristics, Hibiscus hybrid 'Daewangchun' had the largest flower size of 16.0cm out of the 127 cultivars. H. syriacus 'Antong', 'Lil Kim', and 'Ggoma' were cultivars with smaller flowers than other cultivars. H. syriacus 'Hunjang' had largest red eye, of 5.2cm of length compared to the other cultivars. The cultivars with unique flower color for landscape uses are H. syriacus 'Kwangmyung', 'Nanpa', 'North face', 'Bulsae', 'Bidan', 'Songam', 'Youngchang', 'Jukpeoso', 'Kiho', 'Tamla', 'Hwasoored' and 'Hwanhee'. These flowers had a purplish red color and were developed in Korea. H. syriacus 'Aphrodite', 'Dr. Uemoto', 'Freedom', 'Pink Cup', 'PS 80-1', 'Purpureus Variegatus', 'Red Giant', 'Woodbridge' also had unique flowers with a purplish red color and were introduced from foreign countries. In addition, cultivars with violet pink flowers were H. syriacus 'Ggoma', 'Doturak', 'Myungmi', 'Byunghwa', 'Sancheonyu', 'Taehwa', 'Hikari-hanagasa', and 'Little Kim Violet'. 'Jongmoo' and 'Ruffled Satin' had flowers with crimson color. Therefore, the new cultivars with unique flower colors were a promising cultivars to a woody landscape plant. Cultivars with large flower sizes were Hibiscus hybrid 'Daewangchun', Hibiscus hybrid 'Daemang', and Hibiscus hybrid 'Jina'. H. syriacus 'Ggoma', 'Mibeak', 'Antong', 'Lil Kim', and 'Eunhasu' had small flower sizes. Cultivars with long red eye were H. syriacus 'Hunjang' and H. syriacus 'Hi Lea Red'. Therefore, the new cultivars, Hibiscus hybrid 'Daewangchun', Hibiscus hybrid 'Daemang', Hibiscus hybrid 'Jina' with large flower sizes, H. syriacus 'Ggoma', 'Mibeak', 'Antong', 'Lil Kim', and 'Eunhasu' with small flower sizes, H. syriacus 'Hunjang' and H. syriacus 'Hi Lea Red' with long red eye, were promising cultivars to a woody landscape plant.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 1999

This study is to examine personal color - preferred color, well-matched color and the relations between preferred color and the well-matched color. Focus is also placed on how sexual difference influences color temperature preference. For data collection, a questionnaire including color stimulus was employed. The subjects of this study were the male and female college students who lived in Pusan. The results of the research are summarized as the following : In view of preferred color, male subjects preferred KEY2 color(warm) in red, pink, and yellow, and preferred KEY1(cool) in green and blue. While most subjects showed the same signal, in green, male preferred KEY1 color and female preferred KEY2 color. Concerning preferred personal color type, KEY1 type person liked KEY1 color except red, and KEY2 type person liked KEY2 color except blue. This shows that people prefer the focused color presenting its own traits. In view of well-matched color, most subjects liked KEY2 color in red, yellow, pink, and they selected KEY1 color in blue as the well-matched color. However, in green, each sex showed different preferences; while male subjects selected KEY1 color as the well-matched color, female ones selected KEY2 color. In each personal color type, KEY1 type male evaluated KEY1 color as the well-matched color, KEY2 type male evaluated KEY2 color except blue. KEY1 type female chose all the KEY1 color as well-matched colors, and KEY2 type female chose KEY2 color. The well-matched colors are similar between male and female subjects. In over 80 percentage of the answers, the preferred colors coincided with well-matched colors. KEY1 type persons chose KEY1 color, and KEY2 type person chose KEY2 color as the well-matched color. These results show that there is a meaningful relationship between the preferred color and well-matched color.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.439-442
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• 2008

A new spray chrysanthemum cultivar, 'Cherry Blossom' was released by National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea in 2007. A cross was made in 2002 between 'Relance', a spray cultivar with red petals and resistant to white rust and 'Yeonja', a spray cultivar with pink petals. Trials were conducted from 2005 to 2007 for the evaluation and selection of this cultivar, including shading culture in summer and retarding culture in autumn. The natural flowering time of "Cherry Blossom" is late October, but year-round flowering is possible by shading and lighting treatment. This cultivar is single type flowers with dark pink petals and green flower center and resistant to white rust. It is very stable color of petals when the variety is cultivated under high temperature conditions in summer season. The diameter of flower is 55.0 mm. The number of flowers per stem is 10.5 and the number of petals per flower is 24.0. The days to flowering under the short day treatment is about 45 in spring season.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.145-149
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• 2001

This study was conducted to analyze the morphological characteristics such as flower color, flower type, flower diameter and flower stalk, and the main annual production yield, and genetic similarity of twenty four Gerbera species growing in Korea. Most of flower colors were pink. The numerical order of flower color was pink, orange, red, double-colored, and milk-white. Majority of flower types were sin81e or semidouble flowers. A few species were double flowers. flower diameters were from 7 ㎝ to 12 ㎝, showed significant differences compared to other characteristics. Flower stalks were ranged from 55 ㎝ to 65 ㎝. Only one species was the shortest as 55 ㎝. The others were similar size as about 65 ㎝. Main annual production yields were between 190 and 400 blossoms. Fifty seven reproducible polymorphic bands from eighty primers were used for analyses of genetic similarity. The genetic similarity of 24 collected Gerberas was largely classified into five groups. The average similarity coefficient was 0.72 ranged from 0.50 to 0.90. The highest similarity coefficient was shown between 'Sardana' with red/white flower color and double flower type, and 'Tamara' with orange flower color and double flower type as 0.90.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.160-163
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• 2011

A new rose cultivar was bred by crossing the red-yellow standard cultivar 'Konfetti' and pink standard cultivar 'Laser' at the Chungcheongbuk-do Agriculture Research and Extension Services. The cross was completed in 2003, after varietal characteristics was tested for 3 years from 2005 to 2007, 'Suryeo' was finally selected in 2007 and registered on the grant of plant variety rights in 2009. The cultivar was developed for a standard-type cut flower with white-pink petals. 'Suryeo' produced 149 stems/$m^2$ in a year and had 64 petals per flower. This new cultivar needed 48 days to flower and showed 12 days vase life. The length of cut stem was about 78 cm, and the fresh weight of stem was 50 g. This cultivar showed high resistance against powdery mildew.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

This study was carried out to breed and develop high quality and functional nutrient tomato with multi disease resistance as well as a stable growing adaptation for fresh market usage under protected plastic houses cultivation. The materials were used 5 inbred lines and their 6 hybrids of large tomato group, which have been bred and developed from 1999 to 2007 in Division of Plant Resource Department of Chungnam National University. Fruit weight showed hybrid vigor effect that $F_1$ hybrids weighed more than their parent lines, fruit shape formed three type of oblate, deep oblate and globe shape, in firmness and pericarp thickness have got a high significant correlation, inbred DN611 line was measured the most firm fruit with 6.04 mm pericarp thickness. In fruit color at maturity, pink color crossed to red color appeared all red fruit color in the $F_1$ hybrids, it means red skin color is a dominant gene compared to pink skin color is a recessive gene in tomato, while between fruit skin color and shoulder part color showed no any co-relationship. The sugar content and titratable acid of $F_1$ hybrids inherited an intermediate data of their parent lines, the flavor of KP543 inbred line and the hybrid (JB535 x KP543) revealed the better taste with high brix and proper titratable acid content$^{*}$. In beta carotene content DN611 line showed 2~3 times higher than other materials so that its 3 hybrids contained an increased level of beta carotene, lycopene content was not so much difference among inbred lines and $F_1$ hybrids, of them MD508 contained higher of 8.72 mg and hybrid (JB535 x JA517) had 8.05 mg lycopene content per 100 g fruit, overall pink skin color and red skin color measured a higher lycopene content than yellow and orange skin color at ripe stage. In disease resistance test by PCR marker for Fusarium race2 (I2), Nematode (Mi1), ToMV ($Tm2^2$), Cladosporium (Cf9), (JB535 x JA517) hybrid have got multi-resistance with homozygote band in Nematode, ToMV, Cladosporium and heterozygote band in Fusarium race2. Through this breeding program we could select high quality and functional nutrient with multi resistant $F_1$ hybrids and inbred lines in tomato which are two best hybrids (JB535 x MD508), (JB535 x JA517), additionally developed high beta carotene inbred line DN611 and increased the level of lycopene inbred line MD508. These results will be very useful to make a high quality tomato variety continuously.