• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2004

Women have a greater incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) after menopause. This relates to hormone imbalance-induced changes in known CHD risk factors, especially hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study was to explore d1e differences in food consumption and food sources of nutrients in the Korean diet between postmenopausal women aged 50-74 years with normocholesterolemia(NC) and those with hypercholesterolemia(HC). Each subject was either classified as part of the NC group (n=39, serum total cholesterol con. ＜200 mg/$dl$) or the HC group (n=31, serum total cholesterol con. $\geq$240 mg/dl) based on the Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia.l Diet was assessed through a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Consumption of foods such as biscuits and/or crackers, squid and eggs was significantly (p＜0.05) higher in the HC group than in the NC group. On the other hand, consumption of potatoes/starches and carrots was significantly (p＜0.05) lower in the HC group than in the NC group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the consumption of legumes and legume products containing phytoestrogen and we could not find a relationship between legumes and legume products and serum cholesterol levels. Consumption of green tea tended to be lower in the HC group than in the NC group. Major sources of cholesterol, cholesterol-saturated index and vitamin A in the diets of the HC group consisted of foods high in cholesterol. Our results confirm that postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia in Korea tend to consume cholesterol-rich foods and dishes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2011

We conducted this study to examine the effects of safflower seed granular tea containing physiologically active polyphenols on antioxidative activities and bone metabolism. Forty postmenopausal women ages 49 to 64-years were recruited from Daegu and Gyeongbuk and were randomly assigned to either a safflower tea supplement (Saf-tea) group (n=27) or a placebo group (n=13). The Saf-tea group received 20 g of safflower seed granule tea per day containing a 13% ethanol extract of defatted safflower seeds, whereas the placebo group received a similar type of tea that lacked the ethanol extract. No significant changes in nutrient intake for either the placebo or Saf-tea groups were observed before or after the study period, except vitamin A intake increased after 6 months in the Saf-tea group. Dietary phytoestrogen intakes were similar in the Saf-tea group (60.3 mg) and placebo group (52.5 mg). Significant increases in plasma genistein and enterolactone were observed in the Saf-tea group. After 6 months of supplementation, serum levels of antioxidant vitamins such as a-tocopherol and ascorbic acid increased significantly, and TBARS levels decreased in the Saf-tea group compared to the placebo group. Serum osteocalcin levels were reduced (P<0.05) in the Saf-tea group after 6 months, whereas serum osteocalcin did not change in the placebo group. Urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine excretion was not different between the two groups at baseline, and did not change in either group after 6 months. Bone mineral density decreased significantly in the placebo group (P<0.01) but not in the supplemented group. It was concluded that polyphenols (72 mg/day), including serotonin derivatives, in the Saf-tea had both antioxidant and potential bone protecting effects in postmenopausal women without liver toxicity.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2005

Isoflavones are reported to playa role in menopausal women as a phytoestrogen, which can replace estradiols in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Recently; due to the risk of breast cancer by HRT, phytoestrogens (e.g. isoflavones) have been focused as an alternative therapy in menopause. In the study, we investigated whether isoflavones derived from Sophorae fructus (SISO) have more benefit than that of soybean isoflavones in estrogen deficient rats. We found that SISO effectively controled $H_2O_2$ comparing with the baseline (p<0.01 vs. post value of OVX-Cont), and the blood sugar and weight were also controlled with decreasing patterns. Additionally, in LDH assay for cytoprotective effect in Neuro-2a cell line, SISO protected cells from the damage by SNAP (p<0.05). In conclusion, SISO may have more beneficial effect in enhancing the menopausal signs than that of soybean isoflavones and the cytoprotective effect in neuron cells suggests that SISO can play a certain role in neuroprotection after menopause.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.906-911
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• 2004

In order to evaluate estrogenic compounds in natural products, an in vitro detection system was established. For this system, the human breast cancer cell line MCF7 was stably trans-fected using an estrogen responsive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plas-mid yielding MCF7/pDsCAT-ERE119-Ad2MLP cells. To test the estrogenic responsiveness of this in vitro assay system, MCF7/pDsCAT-ERE119-Ad2MLP cells were treated with various concentrations of 17f3-estradiol. Treatments of 10$^{-8}$ to 10$^{-12}$ M 17$\beta$-estradiol revealed significant concentration dependent estrogenic activities compared with ethanol. We used in vitro assay system to detect estrogenic effects in Puerariae radix and Ginseng radix Rubra extracts. Treat-ment of 500 and 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of Puerariae radix extracts increased the transcriptional activity approximately 4- and 1.5-fold, respectively, compared with the ethanol treatment. Treatment of 500, 50, and 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of Ginseng radix Rubra extracts increased the transcriptional activity approximately 3.2-,2.7, and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared with the ethanol treatment. These observations suggest that Puerariae radix and Ginseng radix Rubra extracts have effective estrogenic actions and that they could be developed as estrogenic supplements.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2003

Soy, high dietary intake for the oriental population, is a main source of isoflavonoids. Sophoricoside (SOP) an isoflavone glycoside was isolated from immature fruits of Sophora japonica (Leguminosae family) and its inhibitory effect on chemical mediators involved in inflammatory response was investigated in this study. SOP inhibited the interleukin (IL)-6 bioactivity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 6.1 $\mu$M whereas it had no effects on IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-a bioactivities. SOP was identified as a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 4.4 $\mu$ M, but did not show inhibitory effect on the synthesis of COX-2. However, SOP had no effect on the production of reactive oxygen species including superoxide anions and nitric oxide. These results revealed that in vitro anti-inflammatory action of SOP is significantly different from that of genistein known as a phytoestrogen of soy products. This experimental study has documented an importance of dietary soy isoflavonoids as multifunctional agents beneficial to human health, and will help to clarify protective mechanisms of SOP against inflammatory conditions.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

홍화(Carthamus tincforiu L.)는 한방에서 어혈, 통경 및 고지혈증 치료제로서 그리고 홍화씨는 진정 및 보혈 등의 약용 소재로 이미 널리 이용되고 있으며, 화장품 원료로서 홍화추출물과 홍화씨유가 사용되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 홍화씨 유박(oil cake)으로부터 식물성유사여성호르몬(phytoestrogen) 거동의 세로토닌(serotonin)유도체를 함유한 정제분말을 제조하여 화장품 원료로서리 적용 가능성을 실험하였다. 홍화씨추출물을 식물성유사여성호르몬으로 알려진 레즈베라트롤(resyeratrol)과 제니스테인(genistein) 및 기능성 주름개선제로 알려진 레티놀(retinol)과 우르소릭애씨드(ursolic acid)와 함께 항주름 효과와 관련한 항산화 효과, 엘라스타제 활성저해 효과, 섬유아세포 활성촉진 효과 및 콜라겐 생성촉진 효과에 대하여 비교 실험하였다. 실험 결과, 세로토닌유도체를 함유한 홍화씨추출물은 피부에 자극없이 항산화 효과, 엘라스타제 활성저해 효과, 섬유아세포로 활성촉진 효과 및 콜라겐 생성촉진 효과가 우수하여 주름개선용 기능성 화장품 원료로 기대되고 있다. 피부의 주름을 개선할 수 있는 가능성있는 원료로 기대되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권1호통권144호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2006

Yeast based estrogenicity assay is the simplest and useful for the assay and the discovery of novel estrogenic substances in natural specimens, The estrogen receptor(ER) modulation activity of 50% EtOH extracts of 101 traditional medicinal herbs was assessed using a recombinant yeast assay system with both a human estrogen receptor expression plasmid and a receptor plasmid. Among them, 14 species proved to be active. Pureariae Flos (flower of Puerraria thunbergiana BENTH.) had the highest estrogenic relative potency$(7.75{\times}10^{-3})$ $(EC_{50}=9.39\;{\mu}g/ml)$. The $EC_{50}$ value of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ used as the positive control was $0.073\;{\mu}g/ml)$ (Relative Potency=1.00). There results demonstrated that some of the traditional medical herb may be useful in the therapy of estrogen replacement.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2010

In this study, phytoestrogen for the industrial production of soybean probiotics by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was studied in a soybean extract. Soybean was fermented with LAB, Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 3108 and Bifidobacterum longum ATCC 15707. The change in the content of various isoflavones (aglycone and glucoside) and the $\beta$-glucosidase activity in soybean during fermentation were investigated and shown to be dependent on the starter organism. Soybean extract powder fermented with L. plantarum showed the highest $\beta$-glucosidase activity and the greatest increase in the aglycone content. After 48h of fermentation, the contents of daidzin, genistin and glycitin in L. plantarum decreased from a mean initial levels of $83.03{\pm}2.17$, $168.13{\pm}8.17$ and $20.02{\pm}1.07$, respectively, to mean levels of $5.34{\pm}3.24$, $3.79{\pm}0.57$ and $1.87{\pm}1.09\;mg$/100 g. Whereas, after 48h fermentation, the contents of daidzein, genistein and glycitein increased from a mean initial levels of $8.09{\pm}0.78$, $11.20{\pm}0.84$ and $4.71{\pm}0.46$, respectively, to mean levels of $85.76{\pm}0.84$, $175.87{\pm}2.21$ and $22.41{\pm}0.91\;mg$/100 g. Taken together, these results suggested an increase of aglycones and decrease of glucoside in isoflavones occurred during fermentation, which coincided with an increase of $\beta$-glucosidase activity in the fermented soybean extract powder.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.265-272
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• 1999

에스트로겐처럼 행동하여 호르몬 수용체와 결합하거나 세포의 신호전달 과정에 영향을 미침으로서 내분비계를 교란시킬 수 있는 환경 에스트로겐 19종 (phytoestrogen: 12종, mycoestrogen: 5종, synthetic estrogen: 2종)의 동시 프로필 분석을 시도하였다. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)의 selected ion monitoring (SIM) 방법을 기본으로 하였으며, 액체-고체 추출, 효소 기수분해, 액체-액체 추출 그리고 trimethylsilyl (TMS)-ether 형태의 유도체화를 거치는 비교적 간편한 전처리 방법으로 47.6~99.5%의 회수율과 0.66~9.33%, 1.66~16.14%의 within-a-day 및 day-to-day 분석의 RSD 값을 얻었다. 이 방법을 적용하여 정상 성인 여성과 남성의 뇨 시료에 존재하는 대상 물질들의 농도범위를 결정함으로서 환경 에스트로겐의 영향을 평가하는데 기준이 될 수 있는 한국인 정상인 참고치를 설정하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.124-127
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• 2009

기능성 식품 소재로 주목을 받고 있는 호박종자추출물의 에스트로겐 활성을 재조합 효모를 이용하여 측정하였다. 양성대조물질로 사용된 $17{\beta}-Estradiol$은 강력한 에스트로겐 활성을 나타내었으며, 농도의존적인 반응을 나타내었다. 초임계추출법에 의하여 얻어진 호박종자추출물 분말을 에탄올로 재추출하여 시험에 사용한 결과 에스트로겐 활성이 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 호박종자추출물이 건강기능식품 제조에 사용될 때 에스트로겐 활성으로 인한 부작용은 없을 것으로 기대된다.