• Title/Summary/Keyword: Phyllosphere

Search Result 25, Processing Time 0.036 seconds

Pathological Impact on the Phyllosphere Microbiota of Artemisia argyi by Haze

  • Zhang, Yu-Zhu;Jiang, De-Yu;Zhang, Chi;Yang, Kun;Wang, Huai-Fu;Xia, Xiu-Wen;Ding, Wei-Jun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.31 no.4
    • /
    • pp.510-519
    • /
    • 2021
  • The pathological impact of haze upon the phyllosphere microbiota awaits investigation. A moderate degree of haze environment and a clean control were selected in Chengdu, China. Artemisia argyi, a ubiquitously distributed and extensively applied Chinese herb, was also chosen for experiment. Total genome DNA was extracted from leaf samples, and for metagenome sequencing, an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform was applied. The results showed that the gene numbers of phyllosphere microbiota derived from haze leaves were lower than those of the clean control. The phyllosphere microbiota derived from both haze and clean groups shared the same top ten phyla; the abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Anorthococcuso of the haze group were substantially increased, while Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes decreased. At the genus level, the abundances of Nocardia, Paracoccus, Marmoricola and Knoelia from haze leaves were markedly increased, while the yeasts were statistically decreased. KEGG retrieval demonstrated that the functional genes were most annotated to metabolism. An interesting find of this work is that the phyllosphere microbiota responsible for the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in A. argyi were significantly increased under a haze environment. Relatively enriched genes annotated by eggNOG belong to replication, recombination and repair, and genes classified into the glycoside hydrolase and glycosyltransferase enzymes were significantly increased. In summary, we found that both structure and function of phyllosphere microbiota are globally impacted by haze, while primary and secondary metabolites responsible for haze tolerance were considerably increased. These results suggest an adaptive strategy of plants for tolerating and confronting haze damage.

Phyllosphere and Phylloplane Fungi of Banana Cultivated in Upper Egypt and their Cellulolytic Ability

  • El-Said, A.H.M.
    • Mycobiology
    • /
    • v.29 no.4
    • /
    • pp.210-217
    • /
    • 2001
  • Seventy-three species and five varieties belonging to 36 genera were collected from leaf surfaces of banana plants on glucose and cellulose-Czapek's agar at $28^{\circ}C$. The results obtained from leaf surfaces(phyllosphere and phylloplane) were basically similar on the two types of media and the most common fungi were Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Cochliobolus, Curvularia, Gibberella, Memnoniella, Mycosphaerella, Setosphaeria and Stachybotrys. The monthly counts of these fungi were irregularly fluctuated giving maxima at various months. Chaetomium globosum was in the top of fungi in producing both exo- and endo-$\beta$-l,4-glucanases among the 34 tested isolates obtained from leaves(phylloplane) on cellulose-Czapek's agar. Maximum production of these enzymes by C. globosum was 6 and 8 days after incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ with culture medium containing wheat bran as a carbon source and peptone as a nitrogen source and initially adjusted to pH 6.

  • PDF

A New Report on Phialocephala piceae Isolated from Leaf of Diospyros kaki in Korea (감나무 잎에서 분리한 Phialocephala piceae에 대한 보고)

  • Park, Sangkyu;Lee, Seung-Yeol;Lee, Jae-Jin;Kang, In-Kyu;Lee, Hyang Burm;Jung, Hee-Young
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
    • /
    • v.44 no.3
    • /
    • pp.188-192
    • /
    • 2016
  • A previously unrecorded fungus was isolated from the persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaf phyllosphere in Korea. The isolated fungus was characterized by morphological and phylogenetic analyses. The typical morphological characteristics of Phialocephala piceae, including dark brown colonies and short, thick conidiophores, were observed on the isolated fungus. A phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) also confirmed the identification of the isolated fungal species as P. piceae. Therefore, this is the first report of P. piceae in Korea.

Characterization of Antibacterial Strains against Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker Pathogen

  • Kim, Min-Jung;Chae, Dae-Han;Cho, Gyeongjun;Kim, Da-Ran;Kwak, Youn-Sig
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
    • /
    • v.35 no.5
    • /
    • pp.473-485
    • /
    • 2019
  • Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is an economically important crop and a bacterial canker disease, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), is the most destructive disease in kiwifruit production. Therefore, prevent and control of the disease is a critical issue in kiwifruit industry worldwide. Unfortunately, there is no reliable control methods have been developed. Recently, interest in disease control using microbial agents is growing. However, kiwifruit microbiota and their roles in the disease control is mainly remaining unknown. In this study, we secured bacterial libraries from kiwifruit ecospheres (rhizosphere, endospere, and phyllosphere) and screened reliable biocontrol strains against Psa. As the results, Streptomyces racemochromogenes W1SF4, Streptomyces sp. W3SF9 and S. parvulus KPB2 were selected as anti-Psa agents from the libraries. The strains showed forcible antibacterial activity as well as exceptional colonization ability on rhizosphere or phyllosphere of kiwifruit. Genome analyses of the strains suggested that the strains may produce several anti-Psa secondary metabolites. Our results will contribute to develop biocontrol strains against the kiwifruit canker pathogen and the disease management strategies.

Foliar Colonization and Growth Promotion of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20

  • Lee, Min-Kyoung;Chauhan, Puneet Singh;Yim, Woo-Jong;Lee, Gyeong-Ja;Kim, Young-Sang;Park, Kee-Woong;Sa, Tong-Min
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • v.54 no.2
    • /
    • pp.120-125
    • /
    • 2011
  • In order to exploit Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 as of plant growth promoting agent, different inoculation methods have been evaluated. The present study aimed to evaluate soil, foliar, and soil+foliar inoculations of M. oryzae CBMB20 to improve the growth, fruit yield, and nutrient uptake of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under greenhouse conditions. The population range of green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged M. oryzae CBMB20 using the three inoculation methods was 2.5-2.9 ${\log}_{10}$ cfu/g in the rhizosphere and 4.5-6.0 ${\log}_{10}$ cfu/g in the phyllosphere of red pepper plants. Confocal laser scanning microscopy results confirmed the colonization of M. oryzae CBMB20 endophytically on leaf surface. Plant height, fruit dry weight, and total biomass were significantly higher ($p{\leq}0.05$) in all M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation methods as compared to non-inoculated control. Furthermore, uptake of mineral nutrients such as N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in red pepper plants in all M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation methods was higher than in non-inoculated control. Comparative results of inoculation methods clearly demonstrated that soil+foliar inoculation of M. oryzae CBMB20 lead to the highest biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake which may be due to its efficient colonization in the red pepper rhizosphere and phyllosphere.

Potential for Augmentation of Fruit Quality by Foliar Application of Bacilli Spores on Apple Tree

  • Ryu, Choong-Min;Shin, Jung-Nam;Qi, Wang;Ruhong, Mei;Kim, Eui-Joong;Pan, Jae-Gu
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
    • /
    • v.27 no.2
    • /
    • pp.164-169
    • /
    • 2011
  • Previous studies have addressed the management of phyllosphere pathogens by leaf and root-associated microbes. The present study evaluated the effect of the foliar application of three strains of Bacillus spp. on plant growth and fruit quality. The application of a bacilli spore preparation significantly improved leaf growth parameters such as leaf thickness and photosynthesis capacity, indicating that bacilli treatment directly promoted leaf growth. In addition, foliar treatment resulted in an improvement in the key indicators of fruit quality including water, glucose, and sucrose contents. The present results suggest that foliar spraying of beneficial bacilli is a potential treatment of wide application for the improvement of apple quality. Foliar application of bacilli preparation as effective plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria broadens the spectrum of their availability for orchard application.

Selection of Beneficial Microbial Agents for Control of Fungal Diseases in the Phyllosphere of Cucumber Plant (오이 지상부의 주요 곰팡이 병해의 생물적 방제용 유용미생물의 선발)

  • Lee, Sang-Yeob;Lee, Young-Kee;Park, Kyung-Seok;Kim, Yong-Ki
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
    • /
    • v.14 no.4
    • /
    • pp.326-331
    • /
    • 2010
  • Bacillus subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10 and Streptomyces sp. CC19 obtained from phyllosphere of cucumber plants were selected for biological control of fungal air-borne diseases. For the downy mildew, diseased area of B. subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10 and Streptomyces sp. CC19 showed 0.5%, 20.2% and 42.0%, but that of control was 82.0% respectively, in cucumber seedling test. Incidence of powdery mildew by once application of B. subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10 and Streptomyces sp. CC19 was 2.8%, 3.6% and 12.3%, respectively, whereas that of control was 65.6%. On the gray mold, diseased area of B. subtilis B29, B. subtilis M10 and Streptomyces sp. CC19 was 8.0%, 30.8% and 5.2%, respectively, compared to 81.2% for the control. Therefore, B. subtilis B29 could be a prospective antagonist for biological control of powdery mildew, downy mildew and gray mold of cucumber plant.

Biocontrol Activity of Myxococcus sp. KYC 1126 against Phytophthora Blight on Hot Pepper (점액세균 Myxococcus sp. KYC 1126을 이용한 고추 역병 생물학적 방제 효능)

  • Kim, Sung-Taek;Yun, Sung-Chul
    • Research in Plant Disease
    • /
    • v.17 no.2
    • /
    • pp.121-128
    • /
    • 2011
  • Bacteriolytic myxobacteria have been known to secrete various antifungal metabolites against several soilborne phytopathogens including Phytophthora. Among the three isolates of Myxococcus spp., KYC 1126 and KYC 1136 perfectly inhibited the mycelial growth of Phytophtora capsici in vitro. In order to show the biocontrol activity on Phytophthora blight of hot pepper, we tried to find the best way of application of a myxobacterial isolate. Although KYC 1126 fruiting body was easily grown on the colony of Escherichia coli as a nutrient source, it did not control the disease when it was pre-applied in soil. Before the bioassay of a liquid culture filtrate of KYC 1126 was conducted, its antifungal activity was confirmed on the seedlings applying with the mixture of the pathogen's zoospore suspension and KYC 1126 filtrate. On greenhouse experiments with five and four replications, the control value of KYC 1126 on phyllosphere and rhizosphere was 88% and 36%, respectively. Whereas, the control value of dimetnomorph+propineb on phyllosphere was 100% and that of propamorcarb on rhizosphere was 44%. There was a phytotoxicity of the myxobacterial filtrate when seedlings were washed and soaked for 24 hours. Gummy materials were covered with roots. And stem and petiole were constricted, then a whole seedling was eventually blighted.

Diversity of Acid-Tolerant Epiphytic Bacterial Communities on Plant Leaves in the Industrial Area and the Natural Forest Area Based on 16S rDNA (16S rDNA 염기서열에 의한 청정지역 및 공단지역 내 식물잎권의 내산성세균 군집의 다양성)

  • 정필문;신광수;임종순;이인수;박성주
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
    • /
    • v.37 no.4
    • /
    • pp.265-272
    • /
    • 2001
  • The diversity of acid-tolerant epiphytic bacterial communities on deciduous oak tree (Quercus dentate Thunb.) leaves was examined both in the natural forest area with a clean air and in the industrial estate to assess effects of acidic depositions to the phyllosphere using 16S rDNA sequence data. A total of 444 acid-tolerant epiphytic bacterial clones were obtained, resulting in 17 phylotypes by performing a analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for PCR-amplified 16S rDNA products. A very low diversity of dominating acid tolerant bacterial communities in both areas was found, just 2 subphyla groups, $\gamma$-Proteobacteria and low-G+C gram-positive bacteria. As tree leaves grow older, diversities of acid-tolerant bacteria on them significantly increased. The community structure of acid-tolerant epiphytic bacteria consisted of Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae groups in the $\gamma$-Proteobacteria subphylum, and Streptococcaceae and Staphylococcus groups in the low-G+C gram-positive bacteria subphylum. The direct influence of acidic depositions on bacterial phylogenetic composition could not be detected especially when higher taxonomic levels such as subphylum, but at narrower or finer levels it could be observed by a detection of Xanthomonadales group belonged to the $\gamma$-Proteobacteria only in the industrial area and of Acetobacteraceae group belonged to the $\alpha$-Proteobacteria. There remains that these specific acid-tolerant epiphytic bacterial groups could be used as indicators for assessing effects of acidic depositions on the phyllosphere.

  • PDF