• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.416-423
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• 2000

There is a growing concern that a wide variety of chemicals released into the environment can disrupt the endocrine system of fish, wildlife and humans. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) include pesticides such as DDT lindane and atrazine, the food packaging chemicals, phthalates and bisphenol A, alkylphenol ethoxylate detergents and the chemical industry by-products, dioxins. Xenoestrogens in the environment have been argued about health risk, because of estrogen mimetic chemicals are exposed only small amounts to human. A number of in vivo and in vitro assays are now in use to assess the activity of xenoestrogens in the environment. A human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was used to develop in vitro screening assay for the detection of xenoestrogenic environmental pollutants. The E-SCREEN (MCF7-BUS) assay is proposed as a reliable, easy and rapid-to-perform method. To optimize and validate this method before it can be used routinely, several phenol compounds and pesticides suspected to be estrogenic were tested using I-SCREEN assay. The results showed that this method is a valuable tool for screening potential estrogen-mimicking environmental pollutants and quantitative determination of estrogeniciy.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.44-52
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• 2018

A synthetic pathway, which consisted of fatty acid double bond hydratase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase, was applied to Chlorella oil to produce ester fatty acids, which can be hydrolyzed into medium chain fatty acids. Since linoleic acid is a major fatty acid constituent of Chlorella oil, a fatty acid double bond hydratase from Lactobacillus acidophilus NBRC13951, which is able to convert linoleic acid into 13-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid, was used. Recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the fatty acid double bond hydratase from L. acidophilus NBRC13951 successfully transformed linoleic acid in Chlorella oil hydrolysates into 13-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid with approximately 60% conversion yield. 13-Hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid was further converted into ester fatty acids by the recombinant E. coli expressing a long chain secondary alcohol dehydrogenase and a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase. The resulting ester fatty acids were then hydrolyzed into medium chain fatty acids by a lipase. Overall, industrially relevant medium chain fatty acids were produced from Chlorella oil hydrolysates. Thereby, this study may contribute to biosynthesis of medium chain fatty acids from microalgae oils as well as long chain fatty acids.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.22-22
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• 2019

수국속(Hydrangea L.)은 APG IV분류체계에 따르면 국화군(Asterids), 층층나무목(Cornales), 수국과(Hydrangeaceae)에 속하는 식물로서 동아시아, 북아메리카 동부 지역을 중심으로 분포하며 전 세계에 23여종이 알려져 있다. 한국산 수국속은 Nakai가 H. hortensia var. acuminata의 분포를 기록함으로써 시작되었다. 이후 Nakai는 산수국을 H. acuminata로 재처리, 다시 H. serrata var. acuminata로 변경하였다. 한편 산수국은 분류학적 위치에 대한 이견이 있다. Wilson은 수국과 산수국을 가까운 유연관계를 가지는 독립된 분류군으로 분류하였지만, Makino는 산수국을 수국의 아종인 H. marcrophylla subsp. serrta로 기재하는 등 산수국과 수국의 동정과 계급설정에 혼란이 있는 가운데, 최근 천연물 hydrangenol을 활용한 건강기능식품 개발에서 사용가능 재료의 한계를 설정하기 위한 산수국과 수국에 대한 종 설정 연구도 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 nrDNA ITS, trnL-F, trnC-ycf6의 3개 구간의 DNA sequence와 NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information)를 참고한 분자생물학적 분석결과와 외부형태학적 재검토 결과를 통하여 H. marcrophylla를 종(Species)으로서의 분류학적 위치 지지하며 또한 수국과 산수국을 가까운 유연관계를 가지는 독립된 분류군으로 분류한 의견을 지지하는 결과를 도출하였다. 향후 hydrangenol 활용의 기초정보로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.283.2-283.2
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• 2002

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used intensively in agriculture and industry for a long time. They belong to a group of contaminants whose occurrence in the environment is a serious concern to environmental chemists and toxicologists due to their resistance to degradation in the environment as well as their potential toxicity. Also. the lipophilic characteristics of these substances are responsible for their ability to bioaccumulate in tissues and organs rich in lipids of men and animals through food chain. Therefore, the measure of the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in human tissues are good markers in detemining the extent to exposure and evaluating the hazards. This study was preformed to compare concentrations of organochlorine pesticides(${\alpha}-BHC, {\beta}-BHC, {\gamma}-BHC, {\delta}-BHC$, p.p'-DDT,p.p'-DDD,p.p.'-DDE. endrin. dieldrin. aldrin) and seven marker PCBs(PCB nos. 28. 52. 101. 118. 138. 153. 180) in liver. kidney cortex, lung blood and adipose tissue collected at autopsies of 10men and 10 women using gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector to express the data on a lipid adjusted basis. From the results, the significant differences in the levels of organochlorines of PCBs between sexes, districts where they had lived and ages were also investigated.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.297-301
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• 2020

Silymarin (SM) and silybin diastereomers (SD) in milk thistle (Silybum marianum) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and quantified using a reverse-phase column in a gradient elution system. UV detection was performed at 288 nm. The content of SM and SD in milk thistle was 3.236 and 0.553 mg/g DW, respectively. Determining the presence and quantifying the content of SM and SD in milk thistle are vital for the pharmaceutical industry to identify optimal sources for developing health supplements or therapeutics.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1465-1480
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• 2021

Violacein, a purple pigment first isolated from a gram-negative coccobacillus Chromobacterium violaceum, has gained extensive research interest in recent years due to its huge potential in the pharmaceutic area and industry. In this review, we summarize the latest research advances concerning this pigment, which include (1) fundamental studies of its biosynthetic pathway, (2) production of violacein by native producers, apart from C. violaceum, (3) metabolic engineering for improved production in heterologous hosts such as Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Yarrowia lipolytica, (4) biological/pharmaceutical and industrial properties, (5) and applications in synthetic biology. Due to the intrinsic properties of violacein and the intermediates during its biosynthesis, the prospective research has huge potential to move this pigment into real clinical and industrial applications.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2021

Background: This study aims to determine whether the new 6-year pharmacy curriculum is designed to help students in their career path based on the employment status of the current 2+4 pharmacy school graduates. Methods: An online survey was conducted to the pharmacists who graduated from Woosuk University College of Pharmacy between 2015 and 2021. The survey questions included the current employment status of the graduates and their feedback on the clinical pharmacy curriculum at Woosuk University. Results: There were a total of 104 graduates who responded to the survey out of 312 graduates of whom the school had current contact information. Most of the graduates are currently working in a community pharmacy (63.5%), followed by hospital pharmacy (27.9%) and pharmaceutical industry (4.8%). Although most graduates were satisfied with clinical pharmacy courses at our college, many thought there needs to be a reinforcement or improvement in the curriculum, including pharmacotherapy and pharmacy practice experiences as well as social pharmacy courses. Conclusion: Based on our study, clinical and social pharmacy are the courses that teach the knowledge and skills required in community and hospital pharmacy and yet, are most in need of improvement. As most graduates work in a community or hospital pharmacy, it is necessary to improve our pharmacy curriculum so that they can learn and demonstrate their clinical skills effectively.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.36-40
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• 2022

Many parts of life have been changed due to the unprecedented coronavirus outbreak, and Noncontact has now become a general culture of society around the world. Also, many years later, after the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it is now deeply embedded in the human lifestyle. The purpose of this paper's research is to investigate the metaverse perception before and after Corona. It was confirmed that the number of metaverse, the central keyword, was 70971 before Corona, but 261767 after Corona, which was more than three times the frequency. In addition, it was confirmed that the number of COVID-19, the reference point of this study, increased significantly to 1,9236 during the pre-COVID-19 period. Through this, it can be inferred that the metaverse accelerated and developed significantly after the corona. Metaverse about Keywords such as cryptocurrency, cryptocurrency, coin, and exchange appeared before Corona, and the word frequency ranking for blockchain, which is an underlying technology, was high, but after Corona, the word frequency ranking fell significantly as mentioned above. As such, it was confirmed that keywords for metaverse were changing before and after Corona, and as such, Consumers' perceptions were also changing.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2024

Viruses have various applications in the biopharmaceutical industry. They are used in pesticide production, production of vaccines, gene transfers, cancer therapeutics, and more. The downstream processing of viruses is an essential step for their biological and pharmaceutical applications. Among the various processes, the purification of viruses is critical. Membrane chromatography plays a vital role in this process. While ion exchange membrane chromatography is a primarily used method, it has various limitations regarding size exclusion and insufficient purification. Also, it cannot be applied to the rapidly changing strains of viruses such as influenza. This review examines various improved methods of membrane chromatography or alternatives. It focuses on purification, viral recovery rates, and scalability of the methods.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.22
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• 2022

In the era of immunotherapeutic control of cancers, many advances in biotechnology, especially in Ab engineering, have provided multiple new candidates as therapeutic immuno-oncology modalities. Bispecific Abs (BsAbs) that recognize 2 different antigens in one molecule are promising drug candidates and have inspired an upsurge in research in both academia and the pharmaceutical industry. Among several BsAbs, T cell engaging BsAb (TCEB), a new class of therapeutic agents designed to simultaneously bind to T cells and tumor cells via tumor cell specific antigens in immunotherapy, is the most promising BsAb. Herein, we are providing an overview of the current status of the development of TCEBs. The diverse formats and characteristics of TCEBs, in addition to the functional mechanisms of BsAbs are discussed. Several aspects of a new TCEB-Blinatumomab-are reviewed, including the current clinical data, challenges of patient treatment, drawbacks regarding toxicities, and resistance of TCEB therapy. Development of the next generation of TCEBs is also discussed in addition to the comparison of TCEB with current chimeric antigen receptor-T therapy.