• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.82 no.5
• /
• pp.1246-1257
• /
• 2021

Purpose To assess the predictive factors and describe the imaging features of mediastinal lymph node (MLN) metastases in patients with head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods We compared the clinical features and disease characteristics (sex, age, site of primary tumor, histologic type, history of prior treatments, TNM stages, and metastasis in cervical LNs) of patients with head and neck cancers between the MLN metastasis and no MLN metastasis groups. We also evaluated the chest CT (distribution and maximum dimension of the largest LN) and PET/CT (maximum standardized uptake value) features of MLN metastases based on the MLN classification. Results Of the 470 patients with head and neck cancer, 55 (11.7%) had MLN metastasis, involving 150 mediastinal stations. Hypopharynx cancer, recurrent tumor, T4 stage, N2/N3 stages, and M1 stage were found to be significant predicting factors for MLN metastasis. The most common location of MLN metastasis was ipsilateral station 2 (upper paratracheal LNs, 36.4%), followed by ipsilateral station 11 (interlobar LNs, 27.3%) and ipsilateral station 10 (hilar LNs, 25.5%). Conclusion Metastasis to MLNs should be considered in patients with head and neck cancer, especially in cases that are associated with a hypopharyngeal cancer, recurrent tumor, and high TNM stages.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.188-200
• /
• 2001

Background and Objetive : Acupuncture is a valuable method of oriental medicine with broad application in many disease. It is based on the experiences of traditional oriental medicine as well as on experimentally proven biological (biochemical and neurophysiological) effects. Acupuncture theory has been explained by the meridian system that is thought to be linked with particular organs. However, in western medicine it is held that many disorders are either controlled or affected by the brain. Material and Method : In order to review the studies concerned with the mechanism related brain, we have referred to the Pubmed site and the Journal of Korean acupuncture and moxibustion Result and Conculsion : Among the 12 studies in the Journal of Korean acupuncture and moxibustion, 8 papers related neurotransmitters were done by experimental study, 4 papers related brain mapping were done by clinical study. Among the 8 studies related brain mapping in the Pubmed site, 6 clinical studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) were done and I clinical study using single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) was done, I paper was review article. By the above result, it would be needed further research on the acupuncture mechanism related brain using SPECT, fMRI, positron emission tomography(PET) etc.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.252-254
• /
• 2007

Image fusion is fast catching attention as Wagner pointed out in his 2006 version of the recent progress and development presented at the annual meeting of Society of Nuclear Medicine. Prototypical fusion of bone scan and radiograph was already attempted at in 1961 when Fleming et al. published an article on strontium-85 bone scan. They simply superimposed dot scan on radiograph enabling simultaneous assessment of altered bone metabolism and local bone anatomy. Indeed the parallel reading of images of bone scan and radiography, CT, MRI or ultrasonography has been practiced in nuclear medicine long since. It is fortunate that recent development of computer science and technology along with the availability of refined CT and SPECT machines has permitted us to open a new avenue to digitally produce precise fusion image so that they can readily be read, exchanged and disseminated using internet. Ten years ago fusion was performed using Bresstrahlung SPECT/CT and it is now achievable by PET/CT and SPECT/CT software and SPECT/CT hardware. The merit of image fusion is its feasibility of reliable assessment of morphological and metabolic change. It is now applicable not only to stationary organs such as brain and skeleton but also to moving organs such as the heart, lung and stomach. Recently, we could create useful fusion image of cardiac SPECT and 64-channel CT angiograph. The former provided myocardial metabolic profile and the latter vascular narrowing in two patients with coronary artery stenosis and myocardial ischemia. Arterial stenosis was severe in Case 1 and mild in Case 2.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.38-45
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Bone metastasis from stomach cancer occurs only rarely and it is known to have a very poor prognosis. This study examined the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients who were diagnosed with stomach cancer and bone metastasis. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 19 patients who were diagnosed with stomach cancer at Hanyang University Medical Center from June 1992 to August 2010 and they also had bone metastasis. The survival rate according to many clinicopathologic factors was retrospectively analyzed. Results: 11 patients out of 18 patients (61%) who received an operation were in stage IV and the most common bone metastasis location was the spine. Bone scintigraphy was mostly used for diagnosing bone metastasis and PET-CT and magnetic resonance imaging were used singly or together. The serum alkaline phosphatase at the time of diagnosis had increased in 12 cases and there were clinical symptoms (bone pain) in 16 cases. Treatment was given to 14 cases and it was mostly radiotherapy. There were 2 cases of discovering bone metastasis at the time of diagnosing stomach cancer. The interval after operation to the time of diagnosing bone metastasis for the 18 cases that received a stomach cancer operation was on average $14.9{\pm}17.3$ months and the period until death after the diagnosis of bone metastasis was on average $3.8{\pm}2.6$ months. As a result of univariate survival rate analysis, the group that was treated for bone metastasis had a significantly better survival period when the bone metastasis was singular rather than multiple, as compared to the non-treatment group, yet both factors were not independent prognosis factors on multivariate survival analysis. Conclusions: An examination to confirm the status of bone metastasis when conducting a radio-tracer test after the initial diagnosis and also after an operation is needed for stomach cancer patients, and bone scintigraphy is the most helpfully modality. Making the diagnosis at the early stage and suitable treatments are expected to enhance the survival rate and improve the quality of life even for the patients with bone metastasis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.217-220
• /
• 2010

Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is an ulcerative lesion on oral mucosa featuring as a benign mass of self-limiting growth. It can be easily misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) due to its long healing period and elevated or rolled-up margin. A 57-year old male patient who visited our department was diagnosed as SCC according to the clinical features, results of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the oral lesion. However, after performing incisional biopsy, histopathologically, there were no atypical cells, but eosinophil and CD 30+ T-cells were clustered in subcutaneous and muscle tissue. It is very significant to consider this reactive lesion in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery because of its possibility of mistaken as malignant disease. Here, we will report a couple of cases of TUGSE with references and limit of radiographic tools used for diagnosis of head and neck cancer.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.52 no.7
• /
• pp.457-462
• /
• 2019

[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging has been widely used in the diagnosis of malignant tumors. ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 2 (ATAD2) plays important roles in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. However, the relationship between [18F]FDG accumulation and ATAD2 expression remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ATAD2 expression and [18F]FDG uptake in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that ATAD2 expression was positively correlated with maximum standardized uptake value ($SUV_{max}$), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) expression and hexokinase2 (HK2) expression in LUAD tissues. In addition, ATAD2 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, tumorigenicity, migration, [18F]FDG uptake and lactate production of LUAD cells, while, ATAD2 overexpression exhibited the opposite effects. Furthermore, ATAD2 modulated the glycometabolism of LUAD via AKT-GLUT1/HK2 pathway, as assessed using LY294002 (an inhibitor of PI3K/AKT pathway). In summary, to explore the correlation between ATAD2 expression and glycometabolism is expected to bring good news for anti-energy metabolism therapy of cancers.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.585-590
• /
• 2020

Successful early diagnosis of cancer diseases such as lung, prostate, liver and adrenocortical carcinoma is a key step in determining the cost of treatment, survival rate, and cure rate. Most of current cancer diagnosis systems including biopsy, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET)-CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, etc., require expensive and complicated equipment with highly trained human resources. Global medical and scientific communities have thus made numerous efforts on developing effective but rapid disease management system via introducing a wide spectrum of point-of-care medical diagnosis devices. Among them, a lateral flow immunoassay strip technique has gained a great attention due to many advantages such as cost-effectiveness, short inspection time, and user friendly accessibility. In this mini-review, we will highlight recent research trend on the development of colorimetry based LFIA strips for cancer diagnosis and discuss the future research direction and potential applications.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.453-460
• /
• 2020

The price of the Brain phantom (Hoffman 3D brain phantom) used in nuclear medicine is quite expensive, it is difficult to be purchased by a medical institution or an educational institution. Therefore, the purpose of present research is to produce a low-price 3D brain phantom and evaluate its usefulness by using a 3D printer capable of producing 3D structures. The New 3D brain phantom consisted of 36 slices 0.7 mm thick and 58 slices 1.5 mm thick. A 0.7 mm thick slice was placed between 1. 5 mm thick slices to produce a composite slice. ROI was set at the gray matter and white matter scanned with CT to measure and compare the HU, in order to verify the similarity between PLA which was used as the material for the New 3D brain phantom and acrylic which was used as the material for Hoffman 3D brain phantom. As a result of measuring the volume of each Phantom, the error rate was 3.2% and there was no difference in the signal intensity in five areas. However, there was a significant difference in the average values of HU which was measured at the gray and white matter to verify the similarity between PLA and acrylic. By reproducing the previous Hoffman 3D brain phantom with a 100 times less cost, I hope this research could contribute to be used as the fundamental data in the areas of 3D printer, nuclear medicine and molecular imaging and to increasing the distribution rate of 3D brain phantom.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.751-760
• /
• 2022

Objective: To show a decrease in tumor recurrence and improvement in quality of life in patients with recurrent cervical cancer. Method: A 58-year-old female patient diagnosed with recurrent cervical cancer in February 2021 was treated for 14 months with integrative cancer treatment (ICT) to decrease the tumor size and improve chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and nausea. The patient underwent chemotherapy or concomitant chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) with ICT. Radiologic outcomes were assessed by abdomen & pelvis computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) protocol. Clinical outcomes were assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (NCI-CTCAE), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), and a numeric rating scale (NRS). Result: During the 14 months of treatment, the size and metabolic activity of the recurrent tumor decreased and underwent partial remission based on RECIST. The NRS scores for CIPN and nausea were improved, and the ECOG score improved from grade 2 to 1. No serious side effects of grade 3 or higher were noted on the NCI-CTCAE test. Conclusion: This case suggests that ICT may have a synergetic effect with chemotherapy or radiotherapy for recurrent cervical cancer.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2022

Anti-cancer and therapeutic effects using therapeutic radioisotopes have been demonstrated by various studies, and it is well-known that therapeutic radioisotopes are useful in cancer treatment. Recently, one of the therapeutic radioisotopes, scandium is emerging as a radioisotope applicable to PET imaging (⁴³Sc, ⁴⁴Sc) and therapy (⁴⁷Sc) in cancer theranostic approach. However, ⁴⁷Sc has little known radiobiological and therapeutic efficacy compared to other therapeutic radioisotopes. Here, we investigated the quality and therapeutic efficacy of ⁴⁷Sc radioisotope produced by our production/isolation technology at the research reactor 'HANARO' in KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute). We showed that the therapeutic efficacy of ⁴⁷Sc, produced by our production/isolation technology, effectively suppressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Consequently, these results suggest that the high quality of the produced ⁴⁷Sc by our production/isolation technology enables the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment and radiopharmaceuticals using ⁴⁷Sc.