• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2007

The research was carried out to define the morphological and growth characteristics of Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass) 'Pureundul' native to Korea. Poa pratensis 'Pureundul' was collected from the belt highway around Mt. Uam located in Naedeok-dong, Cheongju City, Chungcheongbuk-do Province on May 5, 1995. The morphological characteristics of 'Pureundul' were compared with those of 205 individuals of native Poa pratensis collected throughout the nation from June 11, 2000 to June 21, 2003. The findings were as follows : The height of plant was 28.2cm but increased to 40.0cm at the flowering time. The height of first node from the base was 6.8cm and the length and width of leaf were 17.3cm and 2.9mm, respectively. The length of a spike was 7.9cm. Based on these morphological characteristics, 'Pureundul' was defined medium type Kentucky bluegrass. Visual quality(1~9), visual color and visual density were measured. The visual quality, color and density of 'Pureundul' were not superior to those of introduced species but above the average other native species. The damages from the diseases during summer resulted in poorer visual quality of color of 'Pureundul'. But the spread of the diseases was slower in 'Pureundul' than other native species, and accordingly 'Pureundul' didn't suffer from more quality deterioration from July to September during which the diseases broke out. Entering fall, 'Pureundul' showed high quality comparable to that of the introduced species. If 'Pureundul' is put to breeding by implementing pest control in summer and introducing disease tolerant genes, it will be used to make greens of greater quality than now.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

Entomopathogenic fungi are promising pest-control agents but their industrial applicability is limited by their thermosusceptibility. With an aim to increase the thermotolerance of Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198, moisture absorbents were added to dried conidial powder, and the relationship between its water potential and thermotolerance was investigated. Mycotized rice grains were dried at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, and $40^{\circ}C$ and the drying effect of each temperature for 24, 48, 96, and 140 hr was determined. Drying for 48 hr at $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ reduced the moisture content to < 5% without any significant loss of conidial thermotolerance, but drying at $30^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$ reduced both moisture content and conidial thermotolerance. To maintain thermotolerance during storage, moisture absorbents, such as calcium chloride, silica gel, magnesium sulfate, white carbon, and sodium sulfate were individually added to previously dried-conidial powder at 10% (w/w). These mixtures was then stored at room temperature for 30 days and subjected to $50^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. The white carbon mixture had the highest conidial thermotolerance, followed by silica gel, magnesium sulfate, and then the other absorbents. A significant correlation between the water potential and conidial thermotolerance was observed in all conidia-absorbent mixtures tested in this study (r = -0.945). Conidial thermotolerance in wet conditions was evaluated by adding moisturized white carbon (0~20% $H_2O$) to conidia to mimic wet conditions. Notably, the conidia still maintained their thermotolerance under these conditions. Thus, it is evident that conidial thermotolerance can be maintained by drying mycotized rice grains at low temperatures and adding a moisture absorbent, such as white carbon.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.341-345
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 최근 산림소득작물로 재배면적이 급증하고 있는 오미자를 대상으로 일반 농경지와 산림농업지에 살포된 3종의 농약을 대상으로 행방을 비교 평가하였다. 농약살포후 초기 유출수에서만 미량으로 농약성분이 검출되었을 뿐 그 외의 유출수에서는 검출한계미만 수준으로 농약성분이 검출되었다. 토양 중 fenarimol과 chlorothalonil은 처리후 30일째부터 검출한계 미만으로 나타났으나, ethoprophos는 처리후 135일째부터 검출한계 미만으로 나타났다. 수확한 오미자 생재를 대상으로 fenarimol, chlorothalinol, 및 ethoprophos의 오미자 작물에 대한 잔류 정도를 조사한 결과, 조사대상 3종의 농약 모두 검출한계 미만으로 검출되었다. 일반 농경지 보다 산림농업재배지에서 토양중 잔류량이 더 높게 나타난 것은 100% 수광조건인 일반 농경지에 비해 90% 울폐도를 가진 산림농업 재배지에서 광분해도가 더 낮았던 점 그리고 농약성분이 산림농업지에서 비교적 풍부한 fulvic acid와 humic acid와의 흡착량이 더 많았기 때문으로 추정된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.541-550
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• 2011

Objective: The objective of this study is to present varying cases of ergonomic improvements in equipments for agricultural work. Background: In Korean agricultural sector, many older people and females, who may be more vulnerable to musculoskeletal diseases than young males, are doing high stressful tasks such as manual materials tasks, harvesting, etc. For reducing the work stress of the farmers, the Korean government has been performing support projects to provide the farmers with agricultural implements specified for their crops. In the projects, ergonomics experts have participated and helped modify the equipments. Method: Fifty cases of equipment improvements, which were carried out in 33 farming organizations cultivating 13 different crops, were reviewed and presented by equipments and their parts. Results: In total, 283 cases of improvements for 12 equipments including 4-wheel, 1-wheel, and 3-wheel powered carts, grass cutter, conveyer, pest control machine, and so on, were presented. The improvements were also classified according to the ergonomic principles like compatibility, ease of use, safety and fitting to the anthropometry, etc. Frequencies of improvements by equipment and its part were the highest in carts and controls, respectively. Principles of safety and ease of use were adopted more frequently in improving equipments than others. Conclusion: The tables of examples of improvements of agricultural implements are main results of this study and the systematical summaries are expected to be widely used in the development of more improved agricultural implements. Application: The results could be used as practical guidelines in ergonomically developing and modifying agricultural implements by both the experts and non-experts in ergonomics. The improvements would contribute to reduction of stress in farm work, which result in increasing the level of safety and health of Korean agricultural society.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2016

느타리버섯 재배중 버섯파리에 의한 피해는 빈번히 발생한다. 많은 농가에서 버섯파리로 인해 버섯생산량이 감소하고 재배기간이 단축되는 등의 피해가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 긴수염버섯파리가 느타리버섯 생산에 미치는 영향에 대해서 평가해보았다. 균사접종시 1마리 이상의 유충이 투입될 경우, 대부분의 처리구에서 오염이 발생하였으며, 버섯수확은 불가능 하였다. 성충의 영향평가에서도 긴수염버섯파리는 버섯수확량 감소에 큰 영향을 주었다. 균사접종시기에 10마리가 처리될 경우, 대조구에 비해 수량은 10.8% 감소하였으며, 10마리 이상 처리될 경우, 버섯수확이 불가능 하였다. 균사배양이 14일 경과한 시험에서 성충을 인위 투입할 경우, 버섯파리 밀도에 비례하여 버섯생산량은 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2018

The study investigated the efficacy of four different essential oils on the repellent responses of large black chafer (Holotrichia parallela) Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in organic pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) orchards. Cinnamon, pine, peppermint, and eucalyptus oils were used, and the behavioral responses and repellent effects against H. parallela were investigated under laboratory and field conditions. Adult beetle responses to different oils were examined using a Y-tube olfactometer in the laboratory and four absorbent blocks with each oil in the field. The repellent responses rates of H. parallela were 100% for cinnamon oil; however, only 67% of adult beetles avoided peppermint and eucalyptus oil in the Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. In the field tests, the least damage to leaves was observed on trees treated with cinnamon oil, whereas the most damage was observed in the control (non-treated) trees and those treated with peppermint oil, followed by eucalyptus and pine oil. Therefore, cinnamon oil can be used as a repellent to avoid damage form large black chafers in organic pear orchards.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2008

The turnip aphid is a worldwide pest, damaging mainly to crucifers. In order to understand the life parameters of Lipaphis erysimi for the eventual goal of control, the developmental periods, survival rates, lifespan, and fecundity of the species were investigated under five temperature regimes ($15^{\circ}C-35^{\circ}C$). Furthermore, the efficacy of several environment-friendly agricultural materials (EFAMs) that are on the market was subjected to test in order to obtain further accurate information. The developmental period of the turnip aphid nymph was longest at $15^{\circ}C$ as 16.9 days, shortened as temperature goes up to $25^{\circ}C$ (5.4 days), and then somewhat increased at $30^{\circ}C$ (5.9 days), suggesting that the most efficient temperature for nymphal development could be around $25^{\circ}C$. Mortality of the nymphal turnip aphid was obvious at $35^{\circ}C$, whereas it was minimal at other temperature schemes. The longevity of adults shortened as temperature goes up to $30^{\circ}C$. In particular, the maximum lifespan for adults continued for 55 days at $15^{\circ}C$, but shortened to 21 days at $30^{\circ}C$. The total fecundity was 35.7 at $15^{\circ}C$, 81 at $20^{\circ}C$, 64.2 at $25^{\circ}C$, and 6.6 individuals at $30^{\circ}C$, showing the highest fecundity at $20^{\circ}C$. After the turnip aphids were successfully stabilized in indoor environment the insecticidal activity was tested and mortality was determined 12, 24, 36, and 48 hrs after EFAMs are treated. Several on-the-market EFAMs showed more than 90% of insecticidal activity within 24 hrs or 48 hrs, but a few showed less than 90% activity, signifying importance of selection of proper EFAMs.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2000년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.28-45
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• 2000

It was unusual crop weather for 1998 and 1999 compared with normal in Korea. The consecutive days of the optimum ripening period for rice plant that had daily mean temperature 21-23C for 40 days after heading, increased with long anomalies in 1998-99. The air temperature during ripening period was much higher than the optimum temperature and lower sunshine hour than normal in the local adaptability tests of newly developed rice lines during those years. In response of rice cultivation to warming and cloudy weather during crop season, the yield shall be decreased. Most scientists agree that the rate of heating is accelerating and temperature change could become increasingly disruptive. Weather patterns should also become more erratic. Agrometeorologists could be analyzed yearly variations of temperature, sunshine hour and rainfall pattern focused on transient agroclimate change for last a decade. Rice agronomists could be established taking advantage of real time agricultural meteorology information system for fertilization, irrigation, pest control and harvest. Also they could be analyzed the characteristics of flowering response of the recommended and newly bred rice cultivars for suitable cropping plan such as cultural patterns and sowing or transplanting date. Rice breeders should be deeply considered introducing the characteristics of basic vegetative type of flowering response like Tonsil rices as prospective rice cultivars corresponding to global warming because of the rices needed higher temperature at ripening stage than Japonica rices, photoperiod sensitive and thermo-sensitive ecotypes

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 시설재배되는 오이, (방울)토마토, 딸기, 가지, 고추, 상추, 깻잎, 파 등 8개 작물에 대해 2003년부터 2004년까지 영남과 호남지역을 대상으로 78개 친환경인증 재배농가에서의 친환경농자재 사용실태를 조사하였다. 친환경농자재는 작물의 종류에 따라 병해충예방을 위해 21-87가지, 비료효과를 위해 0-9가지, 생육촉진을 위해 2-41가지, 토양관리를 위해 10-37가지를 사용한다고 응답하였다. 조사에서 나타난 323 품목에 이르는 친환경농자재를 합리적으로 관리하기 위해서는 앞으로 구성물질과 유용성을 과학적으로 구명하려는 노력이 요구된다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.417-421
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• 2014

난방제 해충인 파밤나방의 친환경적 방제를 위하여 토양에서 곤충병원성 곰팡이를 수집한 다음, 파밤나방 유충에 대해 우수한 방제효과가 있는 곰팡이 Metarhizium anisopliae FT83을 분리하여 파밤나방의 생육단계별 살충율을 검정하였다. M. anisopliae FT83의 파밤나방 1령~3령 유충에 대한 살충율은 $1{\times}10^8conidia/ml$ 수준에서 100%이었고 반수치사시간은 0.5일, 2.6일, 2.5일이었으며 4령과 5령에 대한 살충율은 각각 $83.3{\pm}6.2%$, $86.0{\pm}5.7%$였으며 반수치사시간은 4.2일, 3.6일이었다. 번데기와 알에 대한 살충율도 100%로 파밤나방의 전 생육단계에 대해 높은 살충활성을 나타내었다.