Mycobiology

The Korean Society of Mycology (한국균학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Enhancing the Thermotolerance of Entomopathogenic Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198 Conidial Powder by Controlling the Moisture Content Using Drying and Adjuvants

  • Kim, Jae Su (Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Se Jin (Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyang Burm (Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2013.10.01
  • Accepted : 2014.01.06
  • Published : 2014.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi are promising pest-control agents but their industrial applicability is limited by their thermosusceptibility. With an aim to increase the thermotolerance of Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198, moisture absorbents were added to dried conidial powder, and the relationship between its water potential and thermotolerance was investigated. Mycotized rice grains were dried at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, and $40^{\circ}C$ and the drying effect of each temperature for 24, 48, 96, and 140 hr was determined. Drying for 48 hr at $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ reduced the moisture content to < 5% without any significant loss of conidial thermotolerance, but drying at $30^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$ reduced both moisture content and conidial thermotolerance. To maintain thermotolerance during storage, moisture absorbents, such as calcium chloride, silica gel, magnesium sulfate, white carbon, and sodium sulfate were individually added to previously dried-conidial powder at 10% (w/w). These mixtures was then stored at room temperature for 30 days and subjected to $50^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. The white carbon mixture had the highest conidial thermotolerance, followed by silica gel, magnesium sulfate, and then the other absorbents. A significant correlation between the water potential and conidial thermotolerance was observed in all conidia-absorbent mixtures tested in this study (r = -0.945). Conidial thermotolerance in wet conditions was evaluated by adding moisturized white carbon (0~20% $H_2O$) to conidia to mimic wet conditions. Notably, the conidia still maintained their thermotolerance under these conditions. Thus, it is evident that conidial thermotolerance can be maintained by drying mycotized rice grains at low temperatures and adding a moisture absorbent, such as white carbon.

Keywords

References

  1. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Biopesticide Active Ingredient Fact Sheets [Internet]. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency; 2009 [cited 2013 Sep 15]. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/ingredients/.
  2. Yatin BT, Venkataraman NS, Parija TK, Panneerselvam D, Govindanayagi P, Geetha K. The new biopesticide market. Denver: Business Communications Research; 2006.
  3. Burges HD. Formulation of microbial biopesticides: beneficial microorganisms, nematodes and seed treatment. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic; 1998. p. 131-86.
  4. Devi KU, Sridevi V, Mohan ChM, Padmavathi J. Effect of high temperature and water stress on in vitro germination and growth in isolate of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin. J Invertebr Pathol 2005;88:181-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2005.02.001
  5. Kim JS, Je YH, Roh JY. Production of thermotolerant entomopathogenic Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198 conidia in corn-corn oil mixture. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010;37:419-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-010-0692-y
  6. Rangel DE, Anderson AJ, Roberts DW. Evaluating physical and nutritional stress during mycelia growth as inducers of tolerance to heat and UV-B radiation in Metarhizium anisopliae conidia. Mycol Res 2008;112(Pt 11):1362-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2008.04.013
  7. Ying SH, Feng MG. Medium components and culture conditions affect the thermotolerance of aerial conidia of fungal biocontrol agent Beauveria bassiana. Lett Appl Microbiol2006;43:331-5.
  8. Hallsworth JE, Magan N. Culture age, temperature, and pH affect the polyol and trehalose contents of fungal propagules. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996;62:2435-42.
  9. Tarocco F, Lecuona RE, Couto AS, Arcas JA. Optimization of erythritol and glycerol accumulation in conidia of Beauveria bassiana by solid-state fermentation, using response surface methodology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005;68:481-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-005-1901-x
  10. Guerzoni ME, Lanciotti R, Cocconcelli PS. Alteration in cellular fatty acid composition as a response to salt, acid, oxidative and thermal stresses in Lactobacillus helveticus. Microbiology 2001;147(Pt 8):2255-64. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-147-8-2255
  11. Hong TD, Edgington S, Ellis RH, de Muro MA, Moore D. Saturated salt solutions for humidity control and the survival of dry powder and oil formulations of Beauveria bassiana conidia. J Invertebr Pathol 2005;89:136-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2005.03.007
  12. Horaczek A, Viernstein H. Comparison of three commonly used drying technologies with respect to activity and longevity of aerial conidia of Beauveria brongniartii and Metarhizium anisopliae. Biol Control 2004;31:65-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.04.016
  13. Moore D, Douro-Kpindou OK, Jenkins NE, Lomer CJ. Effects of moisture content and temperature on storage of Metarhizium flavoviride conidia. Biocontrol Sci Technol 1996;6:51-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583159650039520
  14. Moore D, Langewald J, Obognon F. Effects of rehydration on the conidial viability of Metarhizium flavoviride mycopesticide formulations. Biocontrol Sci Technol 1997;7:87-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583159731072
  15. Hong TD, Jenkins NE, Ellis RH. The effects of duration of development and drying regime on the longevity of conidia of Metarhizium flavoviride. Mycol Res 2000;104:662-5. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756299001872
  16. Magalhães BP, Boucias DG. Effects of drying on the survival of conidiosphores of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum Driver & Milner. J Orthoptera Res 2004;13:155-9. https://doi.org/10.1665/1082-6467(2004)013[0155:EODOTS]2.0.CO;2
  17. Moore D, Bateman RP, Carey M, Prior C. Long-term storage of Metarhizium flavoviride conidia in oil formulation for the control of locusts and grasshoppers. Biocontrol Sci Technol 1995;5:193-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583159550039918
  18. Jenkins NE, Heviefo G, Langewald J, Cherry AJ, Lomer CJ. Development of mass production technology for aerial conidia for use as mycopesticides. Biocontrol News Inf 1998; 19:21-31.
  19. Morley-Davies J, Moore D, Prior C. Screening of Metarhizium and Beauveria spp. conidia with exposure to stimulated sunlight and a range of temperatures. Mycol Res 1996;100:31-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(96)80097-9
  20. De Faria MR, Wraight SP. Mycoinsecticides and Mycoacaricides: a comprehensive list with worldwide coverage and international classification of formulation types. Biol Control 2007;43:237-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.08.001
  21. Lee IK, Shim HJ, Woo SD, Je YH, Yang Z, Kang SK. Variations in growth and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus pathogenic to the pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis. Korean J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1999;27:415-8.
  22. Kim JS, Je YH, Choi JY. Complementary effect of phloxine B on the insecticidal efficacy of Isaria fumosorosea SFP-198 wettable powder against greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum West. Pest Manag Sci 2010;66:1337-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.2020
  23. Humber RA. Fungi: preservation of cultures. In: Lacey LA, editor. Manual of techniques in insect pathology. San Diego: Academic Press; 1997. p. 269-79.
  24. Hua L, Feng MG. Broomcorn millet grain cultures of the entomophthoralean fungus Zoophthora radicans: sporulation capacity and infectivity to Plutella xylostella. Mycol Res 2005;109(Pt 3):319-25. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095375620500239X
  25. Ramirez ML, Chulze SN, Magan N. Impact of osmotic and matric water stress on germination, growth, mycelial water potentials and endogenous accumulation of sugars and sugar alcohols in Fusarium graminearum. Mycologia 2004;96:470-8. https://doi.org/10.2307/3762167
  26. Slininger PJ, Behle RW, Jackson MA, Schisler DA. Discovery and development of biological agents to control crop pests. Neotrop Entomol 2003;32:183-95. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2003000200001
  27. Singer MA, Lindquist S. Multiple effects of trehalose on protein folding in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cell 1998;1:639-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80064-7
  28. Schenck FJ, Callery P, Gannett PM, Daft JR, Lehotay SJ. Comparison of magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate for removal of water from pesticide extracts of foods. J AOAC Int 2002;85:1177-80.
  29. Setaka N, Sekikawa Y. Chaoite, a new allotropic form of carbon, produced by shock compression. J Am Ceram Soc 1980;63:238-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1980.tb10710.x