• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 1993

Financial stability of households is the basic and most important factor of the quality of life. It affects emotional psychological mental and social aspects of family personal develop-ment and family healths etc. This study investigated and analyzed the data on financial stability of households. The data collected through the self-administered questionnaire from 466 house-holds in Kwangju area were analyzed. As statistical methods Frequency Percentile. Anova Duncan-test and Regression analysis were used. The results obtained are as follow: Education job status housing tenure type numbers of income source assets income and income flexibility have positive effects on financial stability. Especially numbers of income sources has most important effect. Significant correlation coefficients between financial stability and economic pressures mental healths financial satisfaction life satisfaction and coping behaviors were revealed respectively To improve the quality of life financial stability of household is severely considered. To be financially stable providing various income sources is more desirable than having regular and fixed income.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.125-138
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• 1997

The major purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship of employed and unemployed wives' financial management behavior and financial well-being on the basis of the family resource management system theory. The data were obtained from 660 wives who lived in Seoul 1996. Major findings of this study were as follows: 1. Regardless of the wives' employment status marriage duration and level of wives' education negatively influenced objective financial well-being in the case of unemployed wives but one in the case of employed wives. 2. Both unemployed and employed wives locus of control over their financial situation positively influences subjective financial well-being 3. It was found that personal and managerial factors had effect on subjective financial well-being both for unemployed and employed wives. The path model designed in this research was found to be proven for unemployed but not for employed wives.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.131-152
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• 2012

The aims of this study were to analyze middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement. Specifically, this study surveyed the relation between human capital investment for children and the middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement and investigated factors influencing financial preparation for retirement. Data were obtained from the 3rd Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS) in 2009, and a sample of 757 households was selected. The statistical methods were frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, ${\chi}^2$, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and logistic regression analysis. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the percentile of preparation for living costs for old age was 49.9% for the middle-aged households. In terms of the types of preparation for living costs for old age, the results showed 61.6% of personal preparation, 33.9% of pension system, and 1.3% for children and relatives. In relation to the adequacy of the preparations for living costs for old age, preparations made by 57.4% of the middle-aged households were inadequate. Observing the minimum living costs for old age and adequate living costs after retirement for single and couple, the minimum living costs of the middle-aged households was 1.46 million won for couple and 0.91 million won for single. The adequate living costs for old age was 2.07 million won for couple and 1.34 million won for single. Second, there were 757 households with total education expenditure. Of these, 208 incurred annual expenditure on public education, and the annual expenditure for public education was 7.28 million won. There were 170 households with annual expenditure for private education, and the annual expenditure for private education was 2.50 million won. 243 households of middle-aged households had annual expenditure for human capital investment, including both public and private education, with annual expenditure for human capital investment for children of 7.82 million won. Furthermore, in the human capital investment factor, there was a difference in the middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement according to their annual expenditure for human capital investment including both public and private education. In addition, there was a difference in financial preparation for retirement based on their public education expenditure. Third, in the logistic regression model 1, which included human capital investment, the significant variables affecting the preparation for retirement of the middle-aged households were as follows : annual household income, total amount of annual household income, experience of inadequate living costs, existence of financial assets, total amount of annual household savings, financial independence, adequate living costs (for single) for old age, and human capital investment. In the logistic regression model 2, which included annual expenditure for public education and annual expenditure for private education, the significant variables affecting the preparation for retirement of the middle-aged households were as follows : annual household income, total amount of annual household income, experience of inadequate living costs, existence of financial assets, total amount of annual household savings, financial independence, adequate living costs (for single) for old age, and annual expenditure for public education.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.49-64
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore ways to help improve adolescents' happiness by exploring the influences of emphatic ability and family strengths on happiness. This subjects were 514 middle school students living in Gwangju. Data were collected from self-report questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS 22.0 program. The major findings were as follows; First, the adolescents' emphatic ability('viewpoint', 'identity', 'emphatic interest'), family strengths('family respect and affection', 'role sharing and problem solving', 'communication and bonds', 'financial stability') and happiness scores were higher than the median(3.00). Emphatic ability('viewpoint', 'identity', 'emphatic interest', 'personal suffering') and family strengths('communication and bonds') showed significant difference according to gender. Second, the adolescents' happiness was influenced by 'family respect and affection', 'role sharing and problem solving', 'financial stability', 'personal suffering', 'identity', and 'emphatic interest'. Adolescents' happiness was explained about 39% by these variables. In other words, the higher family respect and affection, both higher role sharing and problem solving and higher financial stability, with lower personal suffering and higher identity and higher emphatic interest showed the higher happiness. These findings demonstrate the emphatic ability and family strengths in adolescents influence on the level of happiness. As such, in order to improve the happiness of adolescents, it is necessary to energize those programs focus on the forming healthy family relationships and to design finance assistance programs that could attempt to minimise financial gap. Additionally, it is necessary to develop programs aimed to enhance emphatic ability and continue such programs in homes as well as at schools. Finally, it is necessary to implement curriculum that may improve family strengths and emphatic ability, which have influenced on the happiness in adolescents. Since the subject "Technology & Home Economics" helps to enhance family strengths, emphatic ability and eventually amplifies the happiness, it is necessary to expand and reinforce it as well as to make it a mandatory subject.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.549-564
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• 2022

This study aimed to develop an e-mentoring youth financial education program and verify its effectiveness for promoting financial empowerment and establishing financial capabilities among independent consumers. A four-session, eight-hour "Youth Financial Empowerment Mentoring Program" was developed. This program dealt with financial literacy and financial psychology factors in an integrated fashion. We used the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design to evaluate the program's effectiveness. Specifically, by using Zoom, a virtual conference platform, four mentors of college students were trained for four sessions over two weeks. Meanwhile, four groups were formed with four mentors and 18 high school mentees to implement a four-week e-mentoring program. As a result of the analysis of covariance, significant differences were found between the two groups in all financial psychology factors and financial literacy variables. In addition, the score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. As a result of qualitative evaluation through FGI for mentees and mentors, mentees experienced positive changes in financial behavior, beliefs, attitudes, and personal relationships, as well as increased financial knowledge. Meanwhile, mentors experienced positive changes in their introspection into financial behavior and consumption. Considering these results, we can conclude that this program effectively induces participants to learn and reflect on their initiative, which is in line with the original goal of "improving financial empowerment".

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.73-93
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine retirees' attitudes towards change of living standards. The data were drawn from the 2007 Korean Retiree Survey, as carried out by the Korean Investors Education Foundation. The major findings are as follows: 1) Some retirees were not well-prepared for retirement, i.e., they lacked financial consultation, had low personal financial literacy, and lacked sufficient wealth. Retirees suffered from health difficulties, loneliness or a sense of alienation, family conflict, or lack of pastimes. 2) Certain groups recognized the change of living standards for retirees as either positive or negative. Retirees who recognized the change of living standards as negative were not well-prepared for retirement, had low personal financial literacy, and lacked sufficient wealth. They also suffered from health difficulties, loneliness or a sense of alienation, family conflict, or lack of pastimes. 3) There was a strong probability for the negative recognition group not to be well-prepared for retirement, having low personal financial literacy, and lacking in sufficient wealth. There was a strong probability for the negative recognition group to suffer from health difficulties or lack of pastimes. Based on these findings, this research suggests that retirees should prepare for retirement with a positive attitude.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.61-85
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• 2014

Lately, as the problem of the aged poverty becomes a big social issue, this paper studies the problem of financial stability with respect to the income and consumption of before-and-after retirement generations. After dividing the data in Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA) into retired and non-retired groups, this study compares the difference among ageing groups by cross analysis and t-test. First, the result tells that the total personal income of retired group is lower than the one of non-retired group. Second, the public pension income benefit ratio of retired group is only 30% of it's total income, and the amount of public pension appears to be 40% of the total pension income. The benefit ratio of the personal pension income is low as about 1% in both groups, The private transfer income of the retired group takes relatively large portion in its total personal income. Third, as people gets older, financial stability gets worse because consumption does not decrease as much as the income decreases. Fourth, it is turned out that the expectation of old life supporting from nation is low in both groups. Fifth, the factors that affects the income of the public pension in the retired group are gender, age, education, and health status, when compared with the factors to the personal total income of the non-retired group. In terms of policy, this paper emphasizes the needs of the intensification of the public pension and the support for the revitalization of the personal pension.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between financial stress, depression, and conjugal affection and the motivation for rehabilitation. One hundred eighty-six stroke patients were included in the study and a survey with 65 questions was used. The survey includes questions to evaluate personal factors, characteristics related with physical therapy, characteristics related with disease, depression, conjugal affection, and motivation for rehabilitation. Education, employment, left hemiplegia and right hemiplegia, depression, financial stress, conjugal affection were statistically significant factors (p<.05). These variables have significant effects on motivation for rehabilitation. This study indicates that financial stress and depression need to be decreased to improve motivation for rehabilitation of stroke patients. It also indicates that the factors facilitating conjugal affection, education, and occupation need to be considered for rehabilitation programs.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.17-33
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate diversity in the situations of multicultural families regarding the education of their children and to suggest rational ways of educating children in multicultural families. The participants in this study were 16 mothers from multicultural families typically characterized by an international marriage in which a Korean male had married a non-Korean female. The data were collected using intensive interviews over a course of three months and were analyzed by grounded theory. The results of this study showed that the participants had difficulty in adapting to the styles of educating children in Korean families and that they could not help their children do homework by themselves due to the limited personal relationships, the shortage of information about educating children, and an lack of organized education programs on Korean culture and history. Thus, they solved these problems by depending on different extracurricular activities and thus incurred a financial burden to support these activities. This led to excessive amounts of time and energy to earn the money to support the activities, which gave them few opportunities to acquire information on educating children by, for example, meeting with others. This explained their dependency on different extracurricular activities so as to solve the problem of their educating children. In an effort to seek ways to break this vicious circle, this study emphasized that policies related to educating children in multicultural families should focus on helping multicultural families strengthen their abilities to educate their children fundamentally.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 2023

This study studies the policies and use cases of the government and the financial sector for artificial intelligence, and the future policy tasks of the financial sector. want to derive According to Gartner, noteworthy technologies leading the financial industry in 2022 include 'generative AI', 'autonomous system', 'Privacy Enhanced Computation (PEC) was selected. The financial sector is developing new technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and blockchain. Developments are spurring innovation in the financial sector. Data loss due to the spread of telecommuting after the corona pandemic As interests in sharing and personal information protection increase, companies are expected to change in new digital technologies. Global financial companies also utilize new digital technology to develop products or manage and operate existing businesses. I n order to promote process innovation, I T expenses are being expanded. The financial sector utilizes new digital technology to prevent money laundering, improve work efficiency, and strengthen personal information protection. are applying In the era of Big Blur, where the boundaries between industries are disappearing, the competitive edge in the challenge of new entrants In order to preoccupy the market, financial institutions must actively utilize new technologies in their work.