• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2020

Recently, the application of personal proofing service based on social security number(SSN) replacement means for verifying identity in non-face-to-face transactions is increasing. In this paper, we propose a method of applying differentiated personal proofing service on whether identity verification is necessary in the online service provided by ISP and if it is appropriate to apply a certain level of assurance. By analyzing the requirements related to personal proofing required by current ISPs, we analyze the risks for each of the requirements and propose a method of applying differentiated personal proofing service according to the level of identity assurance guarantee to minimize the risks. In applying the proposed method to online service provision, it is possible to reduce user's unnecessary authentication cost by minimizing the application of personal proofing service based on alternative means, and to help protect user personal information by minimizing excessively collected personal information.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

DID(Decentralized Identity Identification) is a system in which users voluntarily manage their identity, etc., and control the scope and subject of submission of identity information based on a block chain. In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, where the importance of protecting personal information is increasing day by day, DID will surely be positioned as the industrial center of the Internet and e-business. However, when managing personal information, DID is highly likely to cause a large amount of personal information leakage due to electronic infringement, such as hacking and invasion of privacy caused by the concentration of user's identity information on global service users. Therefore, there are a number of challenges to be solved before DID settles into a stable standardization. Therefore, in this paper, we try to examine what problems exist in order to positively apply the development of DID technology, and analyze the improvement plan to become a stable service in the future.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.83-100
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• 2005

In this paper, we investigate the concept of cyber identity built in cyberspace and analyze the effects of general perception toward cyber identity on loyalty and purchase intent. Cyber identity is classified into two types: personal and social cyber identity, and has five components. Avatars and online gaming capability make up personal cyber identity while online communities and instant messenger count as social cyber identity. We regard blog personalities as having both personal and social characteristics. In our survey, we conclude that internet users want to purchase cyber items such as avatars, online game items, and wallpaper pictures to enhance their cyber identities. Based on the survey results , we derive five factors comprising personal cyber identity and social cyber identity using factor analysis and analyze overall effects of cyber identity on loyalty and purchase intention using Structural Equation Model.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 2019

As online services become more and more popular due to the development of IT, non-face-to-face transactions are continuously increasing rather than face-to-face transactions. The personal identity proofing service(PIPS) based on the alternative method of the resident registration number is used for the purpose of confirming the identity of the other party on the Internet. However, in the case of the current PIPS, the personal information of the PIPS user is excessively provided to the online service provider. As a result, privacy problems of online users, shortage of choice of information providing options, and lack of differentiation of authentication methods are becoming problems. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to improve the PIPS based on the current resident registration number alternative method and to provide a method to differentiate the provision of excessive personal information. In the proposed method, we analyze trends and current status of overseas online PIPS in order to provide a method of providing differentiation of personal information and proposes an effective improvement method applicable to domestic.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.453-462
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• 2021

As the status of public certificates expired due to the recent revision of the Electronic Signature Act, electronic signature-based public certificates were also lost in the means of replacing resident registration numbers(RRN). As a result, public certification institutions have recently been designated by the Korea Communications Commission as identity verification service providers through a review of the designation of personal identity proofing agency based on alternative means of RRN. However, unlike existing RRN replacements such as i-PIN, mobile phones, and credit cards, the personal identity proofing process for applicants for certificates is different from existing alternatives. The proposed method shows that it is possible to protect users' personal information and provide universal, reasonable, and safe identification services by applying improvements to electronic signature-based personal identity proofing services.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.155-175
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• 2010

Most of the service industries including finance and telecommunications have become matured and saturated. The competitions have become severe while the differences among brands become smaller. Therefore maintaining good relationships with customers has been critical for the service providers. In case of credit card and debit card, the similar patterns are shown. It is important for them to maintain good relationships with customers, and therefore, they have used marketing program which provides customized services to customers and utilizes the membership programs. Not only do they build and maintain good relationships, but also highlight their brands from the emotional aspects. For example, KB Card or Hyundai Card uses well-known designers' works for their credit card design. As well, they differentiate the designs of credit cards to stress on their brand personalities. BC Card introduced the credit card with perfume that a customer would like. Even though the credit card is small and not shown to public easily, it becomes more important for those companies to touch the customers' feelings with the brand personalities and their images. This is partly because of changes in consumers' lifestyles. Y-generations becomes highly likely to express themselves in many different ways and more emotional than X-generations. For the Y-generations, therefore, even credit cards in the wallet should be personalized and well-designed. In line with it, credit cards with good design can be seen as an example of brand identity, where different design for each customer can be used to recognize the membership groups that customers want to belong. On the other hand, these credit card companies offer the special treatment benefits for those customers who are heavy users for the cards. For example, those customers who love sports will receive some special discounts when they use their credit cards for sports related products. Therefore this study attempted to explore the relationships between relational benefits, brand identification and loyalty. It has been well known that relational benefits and brand identification lead to loyalty independently from many other studies, but there has been few study to review all the three variables all together in a research model. Furthermore, as reviewed above, in the card industry, many companies attempt to associate the brand image with their products to fit their customers' lifestyles while relational benefits are still playing an important role for their business. Therefore in our research model, relational benefits, brand identification, and loyalty are all included. We focus on the mediating effect of brand identification. From the relational benefits perspective, only special treatment benefit and confidence benefit are included. Social benefit is not applicable for this credit card industry because not many cases of face-to-face interaction can be found. From the brand identification perspective, personal brand identity and social brand identity are reviewed and included in the model. Overall, the research model emphasizes that the relationships between relational benefits and loyalty will be mediated by the effect of brand identification. The effects of relational benefits which are confidence benefit and special treatment benefits on loyalty will be realized when they fit to the personal brand identity and social brand identity. In the research model, therefore, the relationships between confidence benefit and social brand identity, and between confidence benefit and personal identity are hypothesized while the effects of special treatment benefit on social brand identity and personal brand identity are hypothesized. Loyalty, then, is hypothesized to have positive relationships with personal brand identity and social brand identity. In addition, confidence benefit among the relational benefits is expected to have a direct, positive relationship with loyalty because confidence benefit has been recognized as a critical factor for good relationships and satisfaction. Data were collected from college students who have been using either credit cards or debit cards. College students were regarded good subjects because they are in Y-generation cohorts and have tendency to express themselves more. Total sample size was two hundred three at the beginning, but after deleting those data with many missing values, one hundred ninety-seven data points were remained and used for the model testing. Measurement items were brought from the previous literatures and modified for this research. To test the reliability, using SPSS 14, chronbach's α was examined and all the values were from .874 to .928 exceeding over .7. Using AMOS 7.0, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to investigate the measurement model. The measurement model was found good fit with χ²(67)=188.388 (p= .000), GFI=.886, AGFI=.821, CFI=.941, RMSEA=.096. Using AMOS 7.0, structural equation modeling has been used to analyze the research model. Overall, the research model fit were χ²(68)=188.670 (p= .000), GFI=.886, AGFI=,824 CFI=.942, RMSEA=.095 indicating good fit. In details, all the paths hypothesized in the research model were found significant except for the path from social brand identity to loyalty. Personal brand identity leads to loyalty while both confidence benefit and special treatment benefit have a positive relationships with personal and social identities. As well, confidence benefit has a direct positive effect on loyalty. The results indicates the followings. First, personal brand identity plays an important role for credit/debit card usage. Therefore even for the products which are not shown to public easy, design and emotional aspect can be important to fit the customers' lifestyles. Second, confidence benefit and special treatment benefit have a positive effects on personal brand identity. Therefore it will be needed for marketers to associate the special treatment and trust and confidence benefits with personal image, personality and personal identity. Third, this study found again the importance of confidence and trust. However interestingly enough, social brand identity was not found to be significantly related to loyalty. It can be explained that the main sample of this study consists of college students. Those strategies to facilitate social brand identity are focused on high social status groups while college students have not been established their status yet.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.117-149
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• 2007

It can be explained by congruity theory as a process that consumers engage in a matching process to identify personal community that is congruent with their self-images to find the identification between the self and the personal community. Personal community cues that evoke certain images are viewed as activating similar beliefs about the self (e.g., high status). Individuals prompt a comparison process to determine whether the personal community and self-image are congruent and imagine prototypical users of the personal community and select ones that maximize similarity to their actual or desired self-concept. Identity is devided into personal identity and social identity. Consumers are likely to be influenced by both personal identity and social identity. In this article the influencing factors of the commitment to on-line personal community are explored by the sources of both personal identification and social identification. The results are as follows. The maintenance expression and enhancement expression of personal self influence the level of personal identification positively and the maintenance expression and enhancement expression of social self influence the level of social identification positively. The level of both social and personal identification positively influence the commitment to on-line personal community which gives positive responses to the source enterprise that allows the cyberspace and the other benefits to be used.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

In the 21th century, the age of image, people express and are evaluated with their images. Image making, as behavior of creating image, is rapidly spreading in the society. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the precise concepts of image making, and the meaning of personal image and fashion styling in image making. Based on previous studies in clothing for a theoretical examination of the concepts of image making, and the meaning of personal image and fashion styling in image making, we have analyzed and studied the concepts of image making generally accepted in the society. The results of this study are as follows. First, personal image making aims at the establishment of one's own identity through the ideal image construction. Second, the establishment of one's own identity through building up his ideal image is completed through fashion styling. Third. image making increases one's personal values and competitive power to implement its ultimate goals. In this study, we have proved that image making makes people establish their own identity by building up their ideal images through fashion styling.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.127-138
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• 2022

In this paper, we present FinDID (Financial Decentralized IDentity), a blockchain-based DID(Decentralized IDentity) service that can flexibly control personal information or credentials through a systematic verification method while complying with the standard service scheme of decentralized identity for the financial sector. DID is an identity management system used in a decentralized environment without a specific certification authority, and as a technology that allows users to control their own information, it can realize self-sovereignty over users' own personal information. Through FinDID, users receive credentials that authenticate their various personal information from the issuer, select only the claims required by the target financial service using their personal electronic wallet, create presentations from credentials. Then they submit it to the financial service, leading to their qualification from the service. FinDID consists of electronic wallet, credential issuer, credential storage, DID service including DID management contract and credential management contract, and financial services using this service scheme. The DID service manages each user's DID and supports all verification processes of the associated identity management scheme.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.87-102
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• 2011

The research intends to exploit a strategy method of personal branding improving a personal value for construction of a personal image. As an assessment, the model of construction strategy of personal branding is developed in four steps of a model, construction of personal branding, by using elements of personal image and researching about personal branding strategy of scholars. In order to substantiate a validity of presented model, the case analyses of Martha Stewart. The strategy of four steps for construction of effective personal image is explained below. First step is an analysis of personal brand equity, deciding a direction of the concept of a personal branding through analyzing into a core value and core competence of one. Second step is a personal brand identity, constructing personal specification and identity with elements of personal image by using effective strategy, being able to be perceived to population. Third step is a personal brand positioning, constructing competitive brand image by using analysis of SWOT and strategy STP. Fourth step is a promotion of personal brand, advertising and extending a brand image of one by using a public activity and communication methods such as publication, mass media, and social network. By using the four kinds of processes, constructed strategy of a personal brand will be significant for construction of an effective personal image by having increment of a value and power of the brand.