• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.226-234
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• 2006

Disturbance of antioxidant system is very common in chronic alcoholics and herbal or natural products with antioxidant activity have been used for its treatment. This study was to investigate the effect of Vitis vinifera extract(V), Schisandra chinensis extract(S), Taraxacum officinale extract(T), Gardenia jasminoides extract(G), Angelica acutiloba extract(A) and Paeonia japonica extract(P), and their combinations on the antioxidant and ethanol oxidation system. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet(ED) and were then given different herbal extract mixtures for 6 weeks including VST(V 100+S 150+T 150mg/kg/day), VSG(V 100+S 150+G 150mg/kg/day), VTG(V 100+T 150+G 150mg/kg/day), and VAP(V 100+A 150+P 150mg/kg/day). When the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were compared between ED only group and herbal extracts treatment group, the differences were statistically significant. Phase I and II(glutathione-S-transferase, phenol sulfatransferase) enzyme activities were found to be significantly higher in the VAT treatment group compared to the ED group. Herbal extracts not only repressed the ethanol-induced elevation of malondialdehyde level, but also protected against ethanol-induced decrease in glutathione content, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. The administration of the herbal extracts was found to be effective in eliminating lipid-peroxides induced by long-term consumption of alcohol by activating various enzyme systems and physiological active compound formation system. After a chronic consumption of alcohol, Angelica Radix protected the liver via activating the ethanol-metabolism enzyme system, and Paeoniae Radix via activating the ethanol-metabolism enzyme and the phase I, II-metabolism enzyme system. Taraxaci Herba was also effective in liver protection via activating the ethanol-metabolism enzyme system and the phase I, II-metabolism enzyme system, Gardeniae Fructus via activating the phase II-metabolism enzyme system and the anti-oxidation system enzyme, and Schisandra Fructus and a grapestone via activating the anti-oxidation system. Our data suggest that these herbal extracts may be useful as a health functional food or new drug candidate for fatty liver and hepatotoxicity induced by chronic alcohol consumption.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.645-651
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• 2008

The antioxidant activity of shared fresh, steamed, and black garlic on soybean oil was assessed at levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, 0 g/100 g, respectively, and these samples were stored for 28 days at $60^{\circ}C$. The color of the oil was increased during torage. The anisidine value was increased dramatically at 14 days of storage, after which it continually increased. The cid values of the samples to which fresh and steamed garlic were added did not differ significantly, but were increased n proportion to the sample concentration after 14 days of storage in the samples to which black garlic was added. The peroxide value was lower in the samples to which shred garlic was added, as compared to the samples to which ${\alpha}$ -tocopherol and BHT were added. Garlic had an inhibitory effect on peroxides when the sample volume was larger. The TBA value was increased during storage and was inhibited with larger volumes of added shred garlic. After 28 days of storage, the TBA volumes of all samples were lower than those of the controls (335.63), with the exception of the sample to which 5 g/100 g of steamed garlic was added, particular, the shred garlics evidenced more profound antioxidant activity in the 40 g/100 g added samples than in the sample to which 0.02% BHT was added.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1497-1502
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• 2007

The antioxidant effect of Korean cabbage kimchi containing 20% of sea tangle (SK) was studied in the rats fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. The rats (n=40) were divided into four experimental groups as a high fat diet group (HFD), HFD supplemented either with Korean cabbage kimchi used as experimental control (HCK), with SK (HSK), or with J-kimchi (HJK) that was purchased at the local market. The amount of kimchi supplemented was 10%. DPPH radical scavenging activities of SK were significantly higher than those of CK. Kimchi suppressed the hepatic lipid peroxidation significantly, especially by HSK (p<0.05). Inhibition of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation in HSK was the greatest among the kimchi groups (p<0.05). The activities of $Cu{\cdot}Zn$-superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD and catalase decreased significantly (p<0.05) by kimchi supplementation. SOD and catalase activities of HSK were found to be the lowest among the kimchi groups. The decreased enzyme activity in kimchi group might be due to the less amount of lipid peroxides produced in the rats fed kimchi diet. The lowest antioxidative enzyme activities observed in HSK were in line with those of hepatic POV and TBARS of HSK. Our findings confirmed that kimchi acted as an antioxidant in the high fat fed rats and its antioxidant effect was significantly increased by the addition of sea tangle.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.498-506
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the restorative effect of Semisulcospira libertina extract, on damaged liver cells induced by D-galactosamine in rats. Treatment of damaged liver cells with S. libertina extract significantly reduced local fatty degeneration, and inflammatory cell necrosis, to levels similar with the undamaged control group. In addition, S. libertina extracts were found to reduce plasma levels of liver damage indicator enzymes, such as AST, ALT, LDH and ALP, to control levels. It also reduced lipid peroxides, and lipid contents within damaged liver tissues. This suggests that S. libertina extract has a restorative effect on liver cells, thus reducing release of damage-associated liver enzymes, and oxidative degradation of lipids. Also, S. libertina extracts were found to be involved in recovery of damaged cells from inflammatory response by suppressing expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, which leads to tissue injury and necrosis, whereas inducing expression of HO-1 that protects cells during inflammation. Thus, S. libertina extract restores liver tissue from necrosis and fibrosis, as well modulates expression of inflammation-related genes against liver damage. Our findings suggest that S. libertina extract is an effective medicinal resource, for improving and recovering liver cells from hepatic injury.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.263-275
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• 2022

There is a paucity of detailed data related to the effect of senescence on the mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and redox state of senescent human cells. Activities of TCA cycle enzymes, respiratory chain complexes, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide anions (SA), lipid peroxides (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC), thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), along with levels of nicotinamide cofactors and ATP content were measured in young and senescent human foreskin fibroblasts. Primary and senescent cultures were biochemically identified by monitoring the augmented cellular activities of key glycolytic enzymes including phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glycogen phosphorylase, and accumulation of H₂O₂, SA, LPO, PCC, and GSSG. Citrate synthase, aconitase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and complex I-III, II-III, and IV activities were significantly diminished in P25 and P35 cells compared to P5 cells. This was accompanied by significant accumulation of mitochondrial H₂O₂, SA, LPO, and PCC, along with increased transcriptional and enzymatic activities of TrxR2, SOD2, GPx1, and GR. Notably, the GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly reduced whereas NAD⁺/NADH and NADP⁺/NADPH ratios were significantly elevated. Metabolic exhaustion was also evident in senescent cells underscored by the severely diminished ATP/ADP ratio. Profound oxidative stress may contribute, at least in part, to senescence pointing at a potential protective role of antioxidants in aging-associated disease.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.633-638
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• 2009

We investigated the inhibitory effects of solvent extracts from dried tuna on the growth of cancer cell lines (HT1080 human fibrosarcoma and HT-29 human colon cancer cells) and $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress. Inhibitory effects of acetone with methylene chloride (A+M) and methanol (MeOH) extracts on the growth of HT1080 and HT-29 cancer cells increased in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). The inhibitory effect was more significant on the growth of HT1080 cells, and A+M extracts had a higher inhibitory effect compared to MeOH extracts. The treatments of hexane, 85% aq. methanol, butanol and water fractions significantly inhibited the growth of both cancer cells (p<0.05). Among the fractions, hexane and 85% aq. methanol fractions showed higher inhibitory effects. In order to determine the protective effect on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress, a DCHF-DA (dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate) assay was conducted. All fractions, including crude extracts of dried tuna, appeared to significantly reduce the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) with dose responses (p<0.05). Among the fractions, BuOH and 85% methanol fractions showed a higher protective effect on the production of lipid peroxides. These results indicate that the consumption of tuna may be recommended as a potent functional food for preventing cellular oxidation and cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.832-838
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• 2009

The inhibitory effects of solvent extracts from dried beet (Beta vulgaris) on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in cell systems and on the growth of cancer cell lines (HT-29 human colon cancer and AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells) were investigated. Inhibitory effects of acetone with methylene chloride (A+M) and methanol (MeOH) extracts on the growth of HT-29 and AGS cancer cells increased in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). The inhibitory effect was more significant on the growth of AGS cells and A+M extracts had a higher inhibitory effect compared to MeOH extracts. The treatments of hexane, 85% aq. methanol, butanol and water fractions significantly inhibited the growth of both cancer cells (p<0.05). Among fractions, hexane and 85% aq. methanol fractions showed higher inhibitory effects. In order to determine the protective effect on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress, DCHF-DA (dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate) assay was conducted. The A+M and MeOH extracts of dried beet appeared to significantly reduce the levels of intracellular (ROS) with dose responses. Among the fractions, 85% methanol fractions showed a higher protective effect on production of lipid peroxides. These results indicate that the intake of dried beet may improve oxidative stress in cell and reduce cancer risk.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of the mulberry leaf tea fermented by Monascus pilosus on high fat-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia, and fatty liver in mice. Non-fermented mulberry leaf tea powder (UM) and fermented mulberry leaf tea powder (FM) were supplemented with high-fat diet at 2% (wt/wt) dosage for 8 weeks. Both UM and FM lowered body weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, epididymal fat, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol increased markedly with high fat diet (HC) in mice. FM showed more significant effects when it was compared with UM. In addition, Hepatic lipid peroxides and xanthin oxidase activities of the UM and FM were significantly lower than those of HC, despite the lack of a big difference in the amount of hepatic GSH. Activities of ROS scavenging enzymes and serum alanine aminotransferase activity were also examined as a parameter of hepatic damage. The UM and FM groups showed a recovery to NC group from significant changes induced by HC. Finally, histopathological analyses of liver samples revealed a decrease of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes in the UM and FM groups. These results suggest that UM and especially FM can reduce the development of obesity, hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1506-1515
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the effect of chongkukjang intake on lipid metabolism and liver function in alcoholic fatty liver rats. Thirty-five 7-weeks old Spargue-Dawley male rats were used as experimental animals. After inducing alcoholic fatty liver, rats were divided into two groups and fed ethanol＋casein diet (ECD) or ethanol＋chongkukjang diet (EChD). At 10th, 20th and 30th days of the feeding experimental diet, rats were sacrificed to get blood and liver samples for analysis of blood lipids, lipid peroxides, antioxidative enzymes and biochemical indices of liver function. The mean food intake was not significantly different between ECD and EChD groups. Daily weight again of EChD group was significantly higher than that of ECD group at days 20 and 30. Serum total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol of ECD group were significantly higher than those of EChD group, while HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher in EChD group. Liver TBARS level of ECD group was significantly higher than that of EChD group. However, liver conjugated diene level was significantly higher in ECD group only at day 10. SOD, CAT and GPx activities of EChD group were significantly higher than those of ECD group at days 20 and 30. In the indices of liver function, GOT and GPT of ECD group were significantly higher than those of EChD group at day 10. LDH was significantly higher in ECD group. γ-GTP was significantly higher in ECD group only at day 20. Serum alcohol concentration of ECD group was significantly higher than that of EChD group at day 30. ADH and ALDH activities of EChD group were significantly higher than those of ECD group at day 30. Therefore, chongkukjang intake seems to give a beneficial effect on improving lipid metabolism and liver function by increasing HDL-cholesterol level, antioxidative enzyme activites, alcohol enzyme activities and decreasing serum lipids, liver TBARS and conjugated diene.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2009

We examined saury, herring, gizzard shad kwamaegi to measure of microbic contamination rate of kwamegi that are sold in the market now. In the total bacteria, staphylococcus, peroxide value, and microorganisms is inhibited that from sample that we treated a substance with chitosan-ascorbate (CA) and other orders deep water (DW), ginseng steamed red and wine (GRW), NT (not treated). When we compared between SGRW and SNT, SCA show us more inhibition effect 0.22-0.49 log cycle in the total aerobacter. When we compared between HDW and HNT, HCA restraint 0.05-0.45log cycle, and when we compared between GDW and GNT, GCA inhibited 0.45 log cycle. In the coliform and E. coli, growths of microorganisms were inhibited followed order by treatment of CA, NT, and DW. GDW, HCA and HNT checked enough amount of water from the moisture measurement; but SGW, GCA, HEW and SCA showed 7-15% lack of moisture, and SNT and GNT have 10% more moisture. Peroxide value is changed to 41-51meq/kg when we did treat CA in there and a side that didn't add antimicrobial expressed the result numerically that 56-58meq/kg. In the sensory evaluation, customer gave preference to followed by Saury kwamaegi, herring, and gizzard shad kwamaegi. We have a point of view when kwamaeki manufactured if we add natural antibiotic and it uses to vacuum drying, we would inhibited of multiplication of microorganism, and of peroxides.