• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.907-918
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• 2007

This study was conducted to explore key factors of expertise development of talented scientists who achieved outstanding research performance according to the stages of expertise development and dimensions of individual-domain-field. To fulfill the research purpose, 31 domestic scientists who were awarded major prizes in the field of science were interviewed in-depth from March to September, 2007. Stages of expertise development were analyzed in light of Csikszentmihalyi's IDFI (individual-domain-field interaction) model. Self-directed learning, multiple interests and finding strength, academic and liberal home environment, and meaningful encounter were major factors affecting expertise development in the exploration stage. In the beginner stage, independence, basic knowledge on major, and thirst for knowledge at university affected expertise development. Task commitment, finding flow, finding their field of interest and lifelong research topic, and mentor in formal education were the affecting factors in the competent stage. Finally, placing priority, communication skills, pioneering new domain, expansion of the domain, and evaluation and support system affected talented scientists' expertise development in the leading stage. The meaning of major patterns of expertise development were analyzed and described. Based on these analyses, educational implications for nurturing scientists were suggested.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.200-211
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze Korean middle school student achievement in environmental science based on the TIMSS 2003 (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study), a student comparison of 46 participating nations. Korea ranked the fourth with a mean score of 554 in environmental science. However, all 3 environment science topics assessed in TIMSS are not included in the Korean science curriculum through 8th grade, even though they are included in most other participating nations' curricula. The average percent correct of items was analyzed according to the main topic, the item type and the cognitive domain. Items that showed differences between the average percent correct of Korea and the international average as well as differences between the average percent correct of boys and girls were further analyzed. Results revealed that Korean students performed better than the international average, especially in 'use and conservation of natural resources', multiple-choice items, and items requiring 'factual knowledge'. Also, male students demonstrated significantly higher achievement than female students. On the other hand, Korean students showed relatively lower achievement in constructed-response items, items that contained content they had not learned in science lessons and items requiring descriptions of the uses and effect of science and technology. Moreover, Korean student lacked understanding about acid rain, global warming, and ozone layer destruction. Korean female students showed relatively lower environmental conceptions and lower performance on items requiring data analysis than Korean male students. On the basis of these results, this study suggested that topics of environmental science be included in the science curriculum and taught in the science classroom to help middle school students more fully comprehend environmental issues.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2024

Cloud coverage is a key factor in determining whether to proceed with observations. In the past, human judgment played an important role in weather evaluation for observations. However, the development of remote and robotic observation has diminished the role of human judgment. Moreover, it is not easy to evaluate weather conditions automatically because of the diverse cloud shapes and their rapid movement. In this paper, we present the development of a cloud monitoring program by applying a machine learning-based Python module "cloudynight" on all-sky camera images obtained at Miryang Arirang Astronomical Observatory (MAAO). The machine learning model was built by training 39,996 subregions divided from 1,212 images with altitude/azimuth angles and extracting 16 feature spaces. For our training model, the F1-score from the validation samples was 0.97, indicating good performance in identifying clouds in the all-sky image. As a result, this program calculates "Cloudiness" as the ratio of the number of total subregions to the number of subregions predicted to be covered by clouds. In the robotic observation, we set a policy that allows the telescope system to halt the observation when the "Cloudiness" exceeds 0.6 during the last 30 minutes. Following this policy, we found that there were no improper halts in the telescope system due to incorrect program decisions. We expect that robotic observation with the 0.7 m telescope at MAAO can be successfully operated using the cloud monitoring program.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for predicting the number of apples on an apple tree using a deep learning-based object detection model and a polynomial regression model. Measuring the number of apples on an apple tree can be used to predict apple yield and to assess losses for determining agricultural disaster insurance payouts. To measure apple fruit load, we photographed the front and back sides of apple trees. We manually labeled the apples in the captured images to construct a dataset, which was then used to train a one-stage object detection CNN model. However, when apples on an apple tree are obscured by leaves, branches, or other parts of the tree, they may not be captured in images. Consequently, it becomes difficult for image recognition-based deep learning models to detect or infer the presence of these apples. To address this issue, we propose a two-stage inference process. In the first stage, we utilize an image-based deep learning model to count the number of apples in photos taken from both sides of the apple tree. In the second stage, we conduct a polynomial regression analysis, using the total apple count from the deep learning model as the independent variable, and the actual number of apples manually counted during an on-site visit to the orchard as the dependent variable. The performance evaluation of the two-stage inference system proposed in this paper showed an average accuracy of 90.98% in counting the number of apples on each apple tree. Therefore, the proposed method can significantly reduce the time and cost associated with manually counting apples. Furthermore, this approach has the potential to be widely adopted as a new foundational technology for fruit load estimation in related fields using deep learning.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2024

Purpose:The acute hospital accreditation program launched in South Korea has shown positive effects on safety culture and quality of care. However, relative weights have not yet been investigated for accreditation criteria with a hierarchical structure. This study aimed to derive the relative weights of acute-care hospital accreditation criteria. Methods: We conducted an online survey using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique to assess the validity, importance, and urgency of acute hospital accreditation criteria. The AHP online survey link was distributed in November 2022 after obtaining informed consent from 10 experts in hospital accreditation. Results: 'Basic value system' ranked highest, while 'patient care system' ranked second in terms of validity, importance, and urgency. 'Performance management system' had the lowest validity and urgency, while 'organizational management system' carried the lowest importance. Within the 'patient care system' domain, 'surgery and anesthesia sedation management' scored highest in validity and importance, and 'patient care' scored highest in urgency. 'Care delivery system and evaluation' received the lowest scores for all three aspects. In the 'organizational management system' domain, infection control ranked highest in terms of validity, importance, and urgency. The lowest validity was observed for 'management and organizational operation' and the lowest importance and urgency were noted for 'human resource management'. Conclusion: The weights for validity, importance, and urgency, as shown in each domain and chapter, and the number of measurable elements included, are largely inconsistent. This study will contribute to the development of the structure and scientific improvement of accreditation standards.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.912-923
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to validate the risk stratification system (RSS) and biopsy criteria for cervical lymph nodes (LNs) proposed by the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included a consecutive series of preoperative patients with thyroid cancer who underwent LN biopsy, ultrasound (US), and computed tomography (CT) between December 2006 and June 2015. LNs were categorized as probably benign, indeterminate, or suspicious according to the current US- and CT-based RSS and the size thresholds for cervical LN biopsy as suggested by the KSThR. The diagnostic performance and unnecessary biopsy rates were calculated. Results: A total of 277 LNs (53.1% metastatic) in 228 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 47.4 years ± 14) were analyzed. In US, the malignancy risks were significantly different among the three categories (all P < 0.001); however, CT-detected probably benign and indeterminate LNs showed similarly low malignancy risks (P = 0.468). The combined US + CT criteria stratified the malignancy risks among the three categories (all P < 0.001) and reduced the proportion of indeterminate LNs (from 20.6% to 14.4%) and the malignancy risk in the indeterminate LNs (from 31.6% to 12.5%) compared with US alone. In all image-based classifications, nodal size did not affect the malignancy risks (short diameter [SD] ≤ 5 mm LNs vs. SD > 5 mm LNs, P ≥ 0.177). The criteria covering only suspicious LNs showed higher specificity and lower unnecessary biopsy rates than the current criteria, while maintaining sensitivity in all imaging modalities. Conclusion: Integrative evaluation of US and CT helps in reducing the proportion of indeterminate LNs and the malignancy risk among them. Nodal size did not affect the malignancy risk of LNs, and the addition of indeterminate LNs to biopsy candidates did not have an advantage in detecting LN metastases in all imaging modalities.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.803-811
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• 2024

Nuclear accidents such as Fukushima Daiichi have highlighted the potential of passive safety systems to replace or complement active safety systems as part of the overall prevention and/or mitigation strategies. In addition, passive systems are key features of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), for which they are becoming almost unavoidable and are part of the basic design of many reactors available in today's nuclear market. Nevertheless, their potential to significantly increase the safety of nuclear power plants still needs to be strengthened, in particular the ability of computer codes to determine their performance and reliability in industrial applications and support the safety demonstration. The PASTELS project (September 2020-February 2024), funded by the European Commission "Euratom H2020" programme, is devoted to the study of passive systems relying on natural circulation. The project focuses on two types, namely the SAfety COndenser (SACO) for the evacuation of the core residual power and the Containment Wall Condenser (CWC) for the reduction of heat and pressure in the containment vessel in case of accident. A specific design for each of these systems is being investigated in the project. Firstly, a straight vertical pool type of SACO has been implemented on the Framatome's PKL loop at Erlangen. It represents a tube bundle type heat exchanger that transfers heat from the secondary circuit to the water pool in which it is immersed by condensing the vapour generated in the steam generator. Secondly, the project relies on the CWC installed on the PASI test loop at LUT University in Finland. This facility reproduces the thermal-hydraulic behaviour of a Passive Containment Cooling System (PCCS) mainly composed of a CWC, a heat exchanger in the containment vessel connected to a water tank at atmospheric pressure outside the vessel which represents the ultimate heat sink. Several activities are carried out within the framework of the project. Different tests are conducted on these integral test facilities to produce new and relevant experimental data allowing to better characterize the physical behaviours and the performances of these systems for various thermo-hydraulic conditions. These test programmes are simulated by different codes acting at different scales, mainly system and CFD codes. New "system/CFD" coupling approaches are also considered to evaluate their potential to benefit both from the accuracy of CFD in regions where local 3D effects are dominant and system codes whose computational speed, robustness and general level of physical validation are particularly appreciated in industrial studies. In parallel, the project includes the study of single and two-phase natural circulation loops through a bibliographical study and the simulations of the PERSEO and HERO-2 experimental facilities. After a synthetic presentation of the project and its objectives, this article provides the reader with findings related to the physical analysis of the test results obtained on the PKL and PASI installations as well an overall evaluation of the capability of the different numerical tools to simulate passive systems.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.17-31
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• 2018

In recent years, success of information system projects to possess competitive advantage in business has become very important for stakeholders. Stakeholders who are interested in the success of information system projects typically consist of users who need the system, developers who build it, and project managers who are responsible for project success. However, recently, there has been increasing in the number of business analysts engaged in bridging relationships among these stakeholders in information system projects. So far, there have been many researches on the competence of users, developers or project managers. But, the research on the competencies of business analysts has not been done much. So, in this study, what competencies are needed for business analysts who are engaged in information system projects are researched, and the level and difference of stakeholders' expectations and satisfaction with them are identified, using IPA techniques. The results of this study are expected to contribute greatly to providing basic information on the development of competency models or training programs needed for recruitment, evaluation and training of business analysts who are or will be engaged in information system projects.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.47-68
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• 2019

As cloud services and deployment models become diverse, there are a growing number of cloud computing selection options. Therefore, financial companies need a methodology to select the appropriated cloud for each financial computing system. This study adopted the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework to classify factors for the introduction of cloud computing in financial companies. Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the evaluation items are layered into the performance perspective and the cloud consideration factor and a comprehensive decision model is proposed. To verify the proposed research model, a system of financial company is divided into three: account, information, and channel system, and the result of decision making by both financial business experts and technology experts from two financial companies were collected. The result shows that some common factors are important in all systems, but most of the factors considered are very different from system to system. We expect that our methodology contributes to the spread of cloud computing adoption.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2023

Background: This study evaluated the learning outcomes of dental hygiene students' ethical consciousness and ethical decision-making competence through dental ethics courses conducted in some universities. Methods: The subjects were 35 and 29 fourth-year dental hygiene students at G University in the first semester of 2021 and 2022, respectively, and 53 and 43 third-year dental hygiene students at D University, respectively, for a total of 160 students. After implementing the dental hygiene ethics course, classroom performance was evaluated in terms of moral sensitivity, confidence in making ethical decisions, classroom practicality, learning outcomes, and class satisfaction. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent t-test and paired t-test, and the statistical significance level was 0.05. Results: Both universities reported an increase in moral sensitivity and confidence in ethical decision-making after the course (p<0.001). Classroom practicality and class satisfaction for the dental hygiene ethics course did not differ between disciplines and were rated positively with a score of 4 or higher (p>0.05). Learning outcomes were higher among 4-year students than 3-year students (p<0.001). Conclusions: It was evaluated that the ethics in dental hygiene curriculum can strengthen students' competence in ethical decision-making, including moral sensitivity and confidence in solving ethical problems in dental hygiene.