• 대한가정학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.193-208
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• 1994

This study investigated the causality of the children's self-perceived competence and related variables(age, sex, socio-demographic variables, family structure, the number of brother, home environmental process variables and peer group environmental variables.) The subjects of this study were 842 children at age five, seven, nine, eleven and thirteen attending kindergartens. elementary schools and junior high schools and their mothers in Seoul. This study employed children's self-perceived competence scales(The Pictorial scales for 5, 7, Qestionnaire for 9, 11, 13) home environment scales and peer group enviornment scales(the Pictorial scales for 5, 7 Qestionnaire for 9, 11, 13) Freqencies one way-ANOVA Pearson's Cronbach's αmultiple regression and path analysis were used for data-analysis. Major findings were as follows: 1. The results of the analysis of causal model showed that the variables that affected cognitive self-perceived competence directly were age, sex, parent's education economic status of the home the number of brother and peer's emotional support 2. The results of the analysis of causal model showed that the variables that affected social self-perceived competence directly were sex, economic status of the home, peer's emotional support and common activity. 3. The results of the analysis of causal model showed that the variables that affected physical self-perceived competence directly were age, sex, peer's emotional support and common activity.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.106-122
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• 1994

The purpose of this study to investigate the awareness of environmental management knowledge and behavior and the effect of independent variables (The environmental management behavior of housewives are composed of five activities-clothing, eating, housing, buying, family management. The independent variables are composed of objective variable and subjective variable). The Research Questions are as follows; 1. Are there significant differences in the housewife's awareness of the environmental management knowledge according to the objective variable and the subjective variable? 2. How much are the effects of related variables on the awareness of environmental management knowledge? 3. Are there significant differences in the housewife's environmental management behavior according to objective variable and subjective variable and awareness of environmental management knowledge? 4. How much are effects of related variables on the housewife's environmental management behavior? For these purpose, a theoretical framework was developed by literature review and applied to empirical test. The data was collected through the questionnaire those respondents were 477 housewives in seoul. It was analyzed by various statistical methods such as Frequency. Percentile, GLM, F-test, T-test, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, Pearson's Correlations Analysis Simple Regression Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of this research are as follows; 1. The awareness of environmental management knowledge had significant differences according to the variables such as housewife's age, husband's job, family number, education experience of environment, frequencies of contracting mass media, the perceived adequacy of resources, social-altruistic orientation. 2. Among all of these variables affecting the awareness of environmental management knowledge, the perceived adequacy of resources had the highest effects and the next were family number, social-altruistic, type of residence in order. 3. Total Environmental management behavior of housewives had significant differences according to the variables such of environment, frequencies of contracting mass media, the satisfaction of household labor, the perceived adequacy of resources, biospheric orientation, social-altruistic orientation, egoism orientation, the awareness of environmental management knowledge. The clothing, eating, housing, family management behavior had the high level, the buying management behavior had the average level. The clothing, eating, housing, buying, family management behavior had significant differences according to the variables such as the satisfaction of household labor, the perceived adequacy of resources, biospheric orientation, social-altruistic orientation, egoism orientation, the awareness of environmental management knowledge. In particular, the clothing, eating, housing, buying management behavior had significant differences according to the variables such as education experience of environment. And the housing, buying management behavior had significant differences according to the variables such as frequencies of contracting mass media. 4. Among all of theses variables affecting environmental management behavior, the most influence variables was awareness of environmental management knowledge and the next were influence of housewife's job, biospheric orientation, the satisfaction of household labor, education experience of environment, frequencies of contraction mass media, egoism orientation in order. Among all of theses variables effecting the clothing, eating, housing, buying management behavior the variables affecting the family management behavior, the most influences variables was housewife's job. In the result of analysing the housewife's environmental management behavior and awareness of environmental management knowledge, influences of education experience of environment had the highest effect and frequencies of contracting mass media may more influencial than other variables. And Concrete and systematic knowledge and technique of environmental education is requisite. The result of this study could be attributed to develop the efficient environmental information. More emphasis should be given to environmental education and a long range environmental policy. in particular, environmental education be effectively related to environmental behavior, life-education and systematic support must be provided. In addition, further study of environmental problem is needed for and application of various theoretical approaches and research method.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2008

Objectives : Most studies about multiple roles and women's health suggested that combining with paid job, being married and having children was more likely to improve health status than in case of single or traditional roles. We investigated whether there was better health outcome in multiple roles among Korean women coinciding with previous studies of other nations. Methods : Data were from the 2005 Korea National Health & Nutritional Examination Survey, a subsample of women aged 25-59 years (N=2,943). Health status was assessed for self-rated poor health, perceived stress and depression, respectively based on one questionnaire item. The age-standardized prevalence of all health outcomes were calculated by role categories and socioeconomic status. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association of self rated health, perceived stress, and depression with multiple roles adjusted for age, education, household income, number of children and age of children. Results : Having multiple roles with working role was not associated with better health and psychological wellbeing. Compared to those with traditional roles, employed women more frequently experienced perceived stress, with marital and/or parental roles. Non-working single mothers suffered depression more often than women with traditional roles or other role occupancy. Socioeconomic status indicators were potent independent correlates of self-rated health and perceived stress. Conclusions : Employment of women with other roles did not confer additional health benefit to traditional family responsibility. Juggling of work and family responsibility appeared more stressful than traditional unemployed parental and marital role in Korean women.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.393-409
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• 2005

This study examined effects of self-perceived obesity, peer victimization, stress, and maternal child rearing behaviors on self-esteem in an obese group(OG) and a normal weight group(NWG) of elementary school children. Subjects were 1,501 elementary school children in the 4th to the 6th grades in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, and Andong and their mothers. Major findings were that maternal child rearing behaviors and stress related to parents and home environments influenced children's self esteem only in the NWG; school-related stress was an influential variable on children's self esteem in both the NWG and OG. Peer victimization influenced children's self-esteem in both NWG and OG. Self-perceived obesity influenced some domains of children's self-esteem, especially in girls.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2015

This study aimed to identify the mediating effects of the child's career maturity on the relationship between mother's child-rearing attitudes and children's school adjustment. In order to achieve our goals, the present study 1) analysed the differences in the mother's child-rearing attitude perceived by child, child's career maturity, and school adjustment according to child's sex, and 2) examined the direct and indirect effects of mother's child-rearing attitude and child's career maturity on school adjustment. A total of 430 $6^{th}$ grade elementary school students living in Gwangju participated in this study. The summary of this study is as follows. First, there were some differences in achievement child-rearing attitude according to child's sex. Boys perceived their mother's child-rearing attitude as more achievement-oriented than girls. Second, child's career maturity mediated the relations between mother's child-rearing attitude perceived by child and their school adjustment. Specifically, the partial mediating effects of career maturity were found in all of the relations between sub-factors of child-rearing attitude(affection, autonomy, achievement, and rationality), and child's career maturity fully mediated the relation between autonomy and peer relationship. The results of this study mean that mother's child-rearing attitudes have both direct and indirect impacts on child's school adjustment and child's career maturity are all very important factors on their school adjustment. The present study suggests that it is necessary to provide diverse career programs to improve child's career maturity.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2006

This study investigated the relation of individual characteristics and peer bullying/victimization as experienced by middle school first-grade children. The major findings of the research were as follows; First, adolescents perceived lower 'appearance', and 'cognitive ability' scores than the medium. Second, aggression was the most significant factor affecting the direct and relational bullying, while withdrawal was the main significant factor affecting the direct and relational victimization in the children. In conclusion, there was a significant gender difference in the peer bullying/victimization.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to gather baseline data on perceived housing values and satisfaction rates among consumers with the aim of using this information for future planning. Self-administered questionnaires were provided to 1000 university students from Gwangju and the Chonnam area from 2007 October 8th to 30th. The collected data was used to conduct comparative and descriptive statistical analysis: factor analysis, cluster analysis, t-test, $x^2-test$ and one-way ANOVA. The main findings are as follows: Firstly, in relation to perceived house values, students identified three factors as important: pursuit of convenience, disposition toward individuality-orientation and consciousness of others. The respondents regarded convenience as very important, especially in regard to one's safety, health and location of amenities. Secondly, cluster analysis based on perceived house value revealed passive and energetic types. Students in the energetic type exhibited a tendency to prefer convenience, independence, and consciousness of others. Finally in terms of housing satisfaction, the respondents identified four factors as important: house quality, neighborhood environment, local socio-psychological environment, and location. Housing satisfaction was higher among students who lived in large or new houses, shared the same house with their family, and had a room all to themselves. Accoding to these findings, university students important value safety, health and environmental-friendliness in a house and they find location important. Therefore, future houses should reflect these wants.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difference in the self-construal and the reason for prosocial behavior by cultural disposition. Further, this paper also aims to analyze the relationships among adolescents' cultural disposition, self-construal, and prosocial behavior and to analyze the path to moral reasoning. Data were collected from self-report questionnaires filled out by 385 adolescents in Cheongju. These data were analyzed by factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Pearson's correlation, simple regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS ver. 12.0. The major results of the study were as follows: first, adolescents who perceived higher individualism showed a higher independent self-construal, and adolescents who perceived higher collectivism showed a higher interdependent self-construal. Second, adolescents who perceived higher collectivism attributed prosocial behavior to internal reasons and adolescents who perceived both higher individualism and collectivism attributed prosocial behavior to self-focused reasons as compared to the adolescents who perceived them to be lower. Third, as a result of the mediator analysis, the cultural disposition of adolescents including individualism and collectivism influenced the internal reasons for prosocial behavior through independent selfconstrual. Further, the cultural disposition of adolescents influenced internal reasons, self-focused reasons, and other focused reasons for prosocial behavior through interdependent self-construal. Based on these results, the implication was discussed and a follow-up study was suggested.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.609-623
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• 2017

Fur apparel is a representative luxury item that displays wealth and social status; however, it is also recognized as an unethical product criticized for its animal maltreatment in the production process. Understanding consumer responses to an ambivalent object, such as fur apparel, is an important research topic both academically and practically. This study investigates the hierarchical effects of perceived benefits and risks of fur apparel on consumers' emotions and purchase intention by applying the ABC model of attitudes to identify the mediating effects of consumer emotions. An online survey was conducted on 390 female consumers that verified hypotheses through structural equation modeling and bootstrapping analysis using phantom variables. The initial results of the survey showed that the relationship between perceived conspicuous benefits and purchase intention towards fur apparel was partially mediated by positive emotion. Second, the relationship between perceived epistemic benefits and purchase intention was completely mediated by positive emotion. Third, the relationship between perceived ethical risk and purchase intention was completely mediated by positive and negative emotions. Fourth, perceived social risk did not affect the purchase intention of fur apparel significantly. The results support that cognitive beliefs about the subject have a significant positive effect on behavioral intentions through emotions as suggested in the ABC model of the attitude. This study provides an in-depth understanding of consumer responses to ambivalent objects by revealing the individual mediating effects of consumers' positive and negative emotions.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Internet-based financial services are being increasingly integrated into consumers' daily lives. Internet-only banks have emerged as a powerful tool accelerating financial inclusion. This study investigates the satisfaction and continuous use intention predictors for Internet-only banks. We employed an extended post-acceptance model and used six antecedent factors that included perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, privacy risk, functional risk, subjective norms, and network externality. All 351 participants used Internet-only banks and were 20-40 years of age. A self-administration online survey was conducted. SPSS 23.0 analyzed the frequency, description, and multiple regression analysis. The results of current study are as follows. The education, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and network externality positively influenced the satisfaction of Internet-only banks. Privacy risk negatively influenced satisfaction with Internet-only banks. Perceived ease of use, subjective norm, network externality, and satisfaction positively influenced the continuous use intention of Internet-only banks. The results of our study provide a better explanation of important factors that could enhance the understanding of satisfaction and continuous use intention for Internet-only banks. Furthermore, this study extends the antecedent variables to the knowledge of financial services and enlarges the understanding of users' post-adoption behaviors.