• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.496-507
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• 2023

This study investigated species identification and labeling compliance of 48 shrimp products sold in the Korean online markets. Species identification was conducted using the standard DNA barcoding method, using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. The obtained sequences were compared with those deposited in the NCBI GenBank and BOLD Systems databases. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis was performed to further verify the identified shrimp species. Consequently, 16 shrimp species were identified, including Penaeus vannamei, Pandalus borealis, Palaemon gravieri, Leptochela gracilis, Penaeus monodon, Pleoticus muelleri, Metapenaeopsis dalei, Euphausia pacifica, Lebbeus groenlandicus, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Argis lar, Metanephrops thomsoni, Metapenaeopsis barbata, Alpheus japonicus, Penaeus chinensis, and Mierspenaeopsis hardwickii. The most prevalent species was Penaeus vannamei, found in 45.8% of the analyzed products. A significant mislabeling rate of 72.9% was found; however, upon excluding generic names such as shrimp, the mislabeling rate reduced to 10.4%. The mislabeling rate was higher in highly-processed products (89.3%) compared with that in minimally-processed products (50%). No correlation was found between the country of origin and mislabeling rate. The results of this study provide crucial data for future monitoring of shrimp products and improving the labeling of shrimp species in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.121-124
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• 1980

Microscopical studies of Leucothrix sp. and its histological effect on the gill tissue of Penaeus japanicus have been made. Infection of Leucothrix sp. results in color change of the gills of the shrimp which is mainly due to the brown or black pigments of the filamentous bacteria. Higher degree of the infections makes necrosis and serious histological changes of the gill tissue and this infection affects the respiratory activity of the shrimp.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2000

Infection rates with white spot baculovirus(WSBV) in wild-caught shrimp spawners appeared to be 52% in Penaeus chinensis and 20% in Penaeus japonicus when diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Infection rates of WSBV from inhabitant organisms in shrimp farm showed 37% in Upogebia major and 29% in Calliamassa japonica. The viruses maintained their survivorship in seawater at $4^{\circ}C$, but lost it at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2019

Genomic DNA samples were obtained from cultured penaeid shrimp (Penaeus chinensis) individuals such as fresh shrimp population (FSP) and deceased shrimp population (DSP) from Shinan regions in the Korean peninsula. In this study, 233 loci were identified in the FSP shrimp population and 162 in the DSP shrimp population: 33 specific loci (14.2%) in the FSP shrimp population and 42 (25.9%) in the DSP population. A total of 66 (an average of 9.4 per primer) were observed in DSP shrimp population, whereas 55 unique loci to each population (an average of 7.9 per primer) in the FSP shrimp population. The Hierarchical dendrogram extended by the seven oligonucleotides primers indicates three genetic clusters: cluster 1 (FRESH 01, 02, and DECEASED 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22) and cluster 2 (FRESH 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, and DECEASED 14, 18, 21). Among the twenty-two shrimp, the shortest genetic distance that exposed significant molecular differences was between individuals 20 and 16 from the DSP shrimp population (genetic distance=0.071), while the longest genetic distance among the twenty-two individuals that established significant molecular differences was between individuals FRESH no. 02 and FRESH no. 04 (genetic distance=0.477). In due course, PCR analysis has revealed the significant genetic distance among two penaeid shrimp populations.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.3_4
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• pp.188-194
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• 2000

A protease purified from hepatopancreas of shrimp, Penaeus japonicus, had maximum activity at $70^{\circ}C$ and in neutral and alkaline pH ranges. Specific activity at optimum reaction condition of the protease was estimated to be approximately 12 U/mg/min. The protease was stable in neutral and alkaline pH ranges and activity was retained after heat treatment at $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Apparent $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ value against casein substrate were estimated to be $0.29\%$ and $7.8see^{-1}$, respectively, and those against N-CBZ-L-tyrosine p-nitropheny1 ester (CBZ­Tyr-NE) were 0.38 mM and $2,400 see^{-1}$, respectively. The N-termina1 sequence of the protease showed high homology to the trypsin from same species and the proteases from shrimp. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) from shrimp tail meat was the most susceptible to the protease and actin/tropomyosin were degraded progressively during 4 hr incubation, but to a lesser degree than MHC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1477-1482
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• 2001

Research in low cost feeds with high nutritional value and immunogenicity is important to reduce production cost and increase yields in the shrimp industry. In this study, immunostimulants of bacterial origin (peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides) and egg white were incorporated in shrimp diets as feed additives to determine the growth, survival and tolerance of Penaeus monodon to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Although the results obtained were not statistically significant (p>0.05) among the treatments, shrimp fed with bacterial additives and egg white showed higher weight gain, specific growth rate and survival than those fed on commercial shrimp diet. Shrimp fed with artificial diet showed 100% mortality when challenged with WSSV. However, shrimp fed on peptidoglycan supplemented diet had higher survival than their counterpart, whereas shrimp fed on egg white supplemented diet had a higher specific growth rate and better tolerance when challenged with WSSV. Further studies are required to determine the effectiveness and optimization of bacterial strains and egg white as feed additives to increase production and enhance the shrimp immune response to diseases.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.670-677
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• 2008

A cDNA microarray composed of 2,028 different ESTs from two shrimp species, Penaeus monodon and Masupenaeus japonicus, was employed to identify yellow head virus (YHV)-responsive genes in hemocytes of P. monodon. A total of 105 differentially expressed genes were identified and grouped into five different clusters according to their expression patterns. One of these clusters, which comprised five genes including cathepsin L-like cysteine peptidase, hypothetical proteins and unknown genes, was of particular interest because the transcripts increased rapidly ($\leq$ 0.25 hours) and reached high expression levels in response to YHV injection. Microarray data were validated by realtime RT-PCR analyses of selected differentially expressed transcripts. In addition, comparative analysis of the hemocyte transcription levels of three of these genes between surviving and non-surviving shrimp revealed significantly higher expression levels in surviving shrimp.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.248-252
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• 2005

The virions of causative virus for white spot syndrome in cultured Fresh shrimp, Penaeus chinensis were rod-shaped, double envelope. An average size of the virion was 70 nm in diameter and $250\~300$ nm in length. Histopathological test of affected stomach, heart, and lymphoid organ revealed nuclear hypertrophy. Infectivity trials carried out by injection and feeding with purified virus revealed high cumulative mortality to healthy shrimp. The twenty one different protein species were detected in the analysis of virion. The length of total DNA from the purified virus particles were detected as a single band, double-stranded DNA molecule of approximately 114 kb.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2001

For the production of healthy shrimp(Penaeus chinensis, Penaeus japonicus) seedlings free from the white spot baculovirus(WSBV), we tried to disinfect shrimp eggs with iodine. A relative hatching rate of over 50% has resulted from the treatments of fertilized eggs of fresh shrimps(P. chinensis) with an effective povidon-iodine concentration of 20-200 ppm for 30 seconds and 60 seconds, respectively. The 60 sec treatment group with a 20 ppm effective povidon-iodine concentration showed nearly a 50% relative hatching rate. The over 50 ppm treatment group, however, did not result in hatching show a relative hatching rate. These hatching rates were similar to those in the fertilized eggs of kuruma prawns treated with povidon-iodine solutions. In case of washing fertilized eggs with UV-irradiated seawater 33.3% relative hatching rate in fresh shrimps was much lower than 55.2% in kuruma shrimps. Treatment fertilized eggs of 2 species of shrimp with 200 ppm iodine for 30 sec did not affect the survival rate of the larvae until the early stage of the post larvae even though the hatching rates were low. In order to produce healthy shrimp seedlings non-infected by WSBV, the shrimp eggs should be washed with UV-irradated seawater and sterilized with a low povidon-iodine concentration for a short time.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.429-440
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• 2022

This study assessed the effects of oxygen and ozone nanobubbles on gill morphology, weight gain, and mortality of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), as well as the level of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and water quality of shrimp culture tanks under lab conditions. Two experiments were carried out with oxygen macrobubble, ozone macrobubble, oxygen nanobubble, ozone nanobubble, and control treatments (air-stone macrobubble). Experiments were done in triplicate in 100 L tanks with 15‰ saline water, and 20 shrimp per tank. Tanks in Experiment 1 were not inoculated with bacteria; tanks in Experiment 2 were inoculated with V. parahaemolyticus at a concentration of 10⁶ CFU/mL. The results revealed that short treatments with ozone nanobubbles had minimal impact on shrimp gills, mortality, and growth rates, reduced V. parahaemolyticus concentration in water compared to the other groups, and improve water quality. These laboratory results indicate that ozone nanobubble treatment may be useful for controlling V. parahaemolyticus. More work is needed to find the best protocol to apply the technology on a commercial scale.