• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.1504-1509
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate a validation method for determination of pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin in fermented Cirsium setidens Nakai. For validation, the specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, detection limits, and quantification limits of pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin were measured by HPLC. The results show that the detection limits of pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin were $4.25{\mu}g/mL$ and $2.46{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The recovery rates of pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin were high in the ranges of 99.7~104.0% and 99.7~102.4%, respectively. Inter-day and intra-day precisions of pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin in fermented Cirsium setidens Nakai were 0.9%, 0.5% and 0.5%, 0.2%, respectively. Therefore, application of pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin was validated by an analytical method as a marker compound in Cirsium setidens Nakai.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.238-247
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• 2012

To determine the possibility of solidified se wage sludge for use as a soil cover material in reclaimed land, the growth of energy crops and soil chemical properties investigated in each experimental plots during 2 years (2010 and 2011). The experimental plots consisted of the mixing with solidified sewage sludge plot (SS50), the covering with solidified sewage sludge plot (SS100), and the original reclaimed land plot (ORL) on reclaimed land for the intended landfill in Sudokwon Landfill Site Management Corporation (SLC). Plant height, measured in the second year (2011), was highest in the Geodae 1 grown at plots treated with solidified sewage sludge. The growth of energy crops cultivated in both SS50 and SS100 were better than in ORL. The contents of organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen (T-N) at both SS50 and SS100 were considerably higher than that of the ORL over 2 years. However, the soil from ORL showed higher salinity with high contents of exchangeable $Na^+$ cation than that of SS50 and SS100 over 2 years. We consider that soil chemical and physical properties on reclaimed land used in this study could be improved by the application of solidified sewage sludge due to following reasons. Firstly, the application of solidified sewage sludge may provide soil nutrients on reclaimed land i.e. the growth of energy crops better than in ORL, resulted in more OM and T-N contents in SS50 and SS100. Secondly, the top layers mixed or covered with solidified sewage sludge on reclaimed land may be prevented the salinity accumulation due to capillary rise to surface soil, and improved the cultivation layer for effectively propagating the rhizomes of energy crops. Thus the solidified sewage sludge may be a great soil cover materials for cultivation of bioenergy crops in reclaimed land.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.109-120
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• 2017

In order to examine how Radiological Technologists perceive the oriental doctor's use of Medical Imaging Equipment, surveys were conducted for the members of the Korean Radiological Technologists Association. The total number of respondents were 515 and 481, with 34 insincere responses removed caused of nonvalidated answer. The results of the analysis are as follows. Although there were no statistical significance in the difference in perception by location of residence, work place, and educational background, respondents with higher education showed a tendency to agree on the use of comprehensive medical imaging equipment, but tended to oppose the use of special medical imaging equipment. Differences in perception by gender showed a greater negative perception toward the oriental doctor's use of medical imaging equipment by women than men. In particular, women showed more negative tendency for oriental doctor's use of special medical imaging equipment such as MRI, CT, and ultrasound equipment compared to men, and this was statistically significant. The difference in perception by age showed that the oriental doctor's use of medical imaging equipment was negative in the 20~30s, neutral in the 40~50s, and positive in the 60s, which were statistically significant. The difference in perception by work experience showed that the longer the work experience was, the more positive it was toward oriental doctor's use of medical imaging equipment. Specifically, the most favorable tendency was found with work experience of more than 30 years, which was statistically significant. The results of this study revealed the Radiological Technologists' perceptions on the oriental doctor's use of Medical Imaging Equipment and this can contribute to the direction of public health promotion in the future.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.401-409
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• 2008

Purpose: Recently multi-modal imaging system has become widely adopted in molecular imaging. We tried to fabricate animal-specific positioning molds for PET/MR fusion imaging using easily available molding clay and rapid foam. The animal-specific positioning molds provide immobilization and reproducible positioning of small animal. Herein, we have compared fiber-based molding clay with rapid foam in fabricating the molds of experimental animal. Materials and Methods: The round bottomed-acrylic frame, which fitted into microPET gantry, was prepared at first. The experimental mice was anesthetized and placed on the mold for positioning. Rapid foam and fiber-based clay were used to fabricate the mold. In case of both rapid foam and the clay, the experimental animal needs to be pushed down smoothly into the mold for positioning. However, after the mouse was removed, the fabricated clay needed to be dried completely at $60^{\circ}C$ in oven overnight for hardening. Four sealed pipet tips containing $[^{18}F]FDG$ solution were used as fiduciary markers. After injection of $[^{18}F]FDG$ via tail vein, microPET scanning was performed. Successively, MRI scanning was followed in the same animal. Results: Animal-specific positioning molds were fabricated using rapid foam and fiber-based molding clay for multimodality imaging. Functional and anatomical images were obtained with microPET and MRI, respectively. The fused PET/MR images were obtained using freely available AMIDE program. Conclusion: Animal-specific molds were successfully prepared using easily available rapid foam, molding clay and disposable pipet tips. Thanks to animal-specific molds, fusion images of PET and MR were co-registered with negligible misalignment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2015

In order to identify the causes of various problems related to forage crop growth, such as winter survival, coldness, rainfall, drought etc., and to provide basic data for the stable production and supply of forage year round, we performed a growth survey after the wintering of winter forage crops grown from mid-Sep. 2014 to late-Feb. 2015. The growth of winter forage crops after wintering in the country was generally bad. As shown in the regional distribution in the country, regions with 80% or higher winter survival rates comprised 66%, regions with 79 to 50% winter survival comprised 24.9% and regions with less than 50% winter survival comprised 9.1%. In conclusion, the average winter survival rate was 79% in the country. Winter survival rate and coverage rate after the wintering of winter forage crops under installed drain channels in paddy fields were good at 83% and 80%, respectively. However, the rates without installed drain channels were bad at 67% and 66%, respectively. It was predicted that the crop production of winter forage crops was reduced by 10-15% in Gangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Gyeongnam and Jeonnam regions, reduced by 30% in Gyeonggi, Gyeongbuk and Jeonbuk regions and reduced overall by approximately 19% nationwide.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

This study was carried out to determine the forage yield, quality, and regrowth of Italian ryegrass (IRG) and barley sown on 2 March 2009 in Suwon. The five treatments were two IRG cultivars (Kowinearly with early maturity and Kowinmaster with medium maturity), one barley cultivar (Yuyeon), and two mixtures (Kowinearly + Yuyeon and Kowinmaster + Yuyeon). The first harvest date was 26 May, which was at late heading, heading and early dough stage of Kowinearly, Kowinmaster and barley, respectively. Regrowth yield was investigated on 29 June. The heading dates of Kowinearly and Kowinmaster were 16 May and 22 May, respectively, and that of barley was 13 May. The dry matter (DM) percentage were 13.0~18.4% at first harvest, and 22.5~24.8% at regrowth in all treatments. The forage yield of barley and Kowinmaster + Yuyeon mixture at first harvest was higher than that of IRG (p<0.05), but higher regrowth yield was observed in IRG, and then IRG + barley mixtures (p<0.05). The crude protein (CP) content and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) of IRG at first harvest were 16.7~17.1% and 78.3~80.4%, respectively, which were higher than those of barley (CP 12.2% and IVDMD 72.6%) and IRG + barley mixtures. The total yields of DM, CP and digestible DM were high in Kowinmaster + Yuyeon mixture as 11,628 kg, 1,669 kg and 8,457 kg per ha, respectively. In conclusion, spring seeding of IRG + barley mixtures and/or barley were recommended when early harvest. Regrowth of IRG sown in early spring was vigorous. Mixture cultivation of IRG and barley was effective, because of forage yield and stable production, and harvest at June instead of May was desirable for forage productivity of spring sown IRG and barley.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2010

Purpose: Recently, massive proteinuria has been observed in some transplant patients after switching cyclosporine A (CsA) to sirolimus. To evaluate the pathogenesis of sirolimus-associated proteinuria, we investigated the early changes in slit diaphragm molecules by various administrative conditions of sirolimus and CsA. Methods: In vitro-Mouse podocytes were incubated with buffer (C), sirolimus ($10\;{\mu}g/mL$) after CsA ($10\;{\mu}g/mL$) (C-S), sirolimus only (S) and CsA and sirolimus simultaneously (C+S) for 12, 24, and 48 hours. In vivo- twenty four SPF female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups buffer (C), sirolimus after 2 weeks of CsA (C-S), sirolimus only (S) and CsA and sirolimus simultaneously (C+S). All groups were treated by intraperitoneal injection every other day for 4 weeks (CsA: 25 mg/kg, sirolimus: 0.5 mg/kg). The changes in mRNA of slit diaphragm molecules were examined by RT-PCR. Results: The mRNA of nephrin was significantly decreased in group C-S and C+S in vitro. In vivo, the mRNA of nephrin in all groups using sirolimus and the mRNA of podocin in group C-S and C+S were decreased. Microscopically, group C-S and C+S showed small vacuolization and calcification in proximal tubular epithelial cells. Immunohistochemistry using nephrin and podocin antibodies did not show remarkable decrease of staining along the glomerular capillaries. Electron-microscopically, focal fusion of foot processes was seen in group C-S and C+S. Conclusion: This study suggests the decrease of slit diaphragm molecules (nephrin and podocin) in podocyte may be one of the causes of sirolimus associated proteinuria, and podocyte injury by sirolimus may need a primary hit by CsA to develop the proteinuria.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.478-486
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• 2009

Purpose: 5-iododeoxyuridine analogues have been exclusively developed for the potential antiviral and antitumor therapeutic agents. In this study, we synthesized carbocyclic radioiododeoxyuridineanalogue (ddIVDU) and carbocyclic intermediate as efficient carbocyclic radiopharmaceuticals. Materials and Methods: The synthesis is LAH reduction, hetero Diels-Alder reaction as key reactions including Pd(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction together with organotin. MCA-RH7777 (MCA) and MCA-tk (HSV1-tk positive) cells were treated with various concentration of carbocyclic ddIVDU, and GCV. Cytotoxicity was measured by the MTS methods. For in vitro uptake study, MCA and MCA-tk cells were incubated with 1uCi of [$^{125}I$]carbocyclic ddIVDU. Accumulated radioactivity was measured after various incubation times. Results: The synthesis of ddIVDU and precursor for radioiodination were achieved from cyclopentadiene in good overall yield, respectively. The radioiododemetallation for radiolabeling gave more than 80% yield with > 95% radiochemical purity. GCV was more toxic than carbocyclic ddIVDU in MCA-tk cells. Accumulation of [$^{125}I$]carbocyclic ddIVDU was higher in MCA-tk cells than MCA cells. Conclusion: Biological data reveal that ddIVDU is stable in vitro, less toxic than ganciclovir (GCV), and selective in HSV1-tk expressed cells. Thus, this new carbocyclic nucleoside, referred to in this paper as carbocyclic 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy-5- iodovinyluridine (carbocyclic ddIVDU), is a potential imaging probe for HSV1-tk.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.219-225
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigated optimum mixing ratio of Korean natural Juglans mandshurica using as functional plants. Total nitrogen and carbon source of J. mandshurica was 0.21% and 46.0%, respectively and C/N ratio was 219. Total nitrogen source and pH of substrate mixed with J. mandshurica was 2.3~2.9 and 5.0, respectively. The contents of CaO, MgO and $Na_2O$ at J. mandshurica media were higher at harvest media than inoculation media. Mycelial growth was the fastest at J. mandshurica 20%, and slower by increase of J. mandshurica substrate. Yields of fruiting body show the highest to 163 g/850 mL of medium which are addition 10% of J. mandshurica sawdust, and diameter and thick of pileus were the highest, too. The L value of pileus and stipes were increased by increase of J. mandshurica substrate, but there was no significant difference in the a-value and the b-value. The contents of $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ of fruiting body were increased at J. mandshurica substrate, but there was no significant difference in contents of CaO, MgO and $Na_2O$. The contents of Cu of fruiting body was decreased by increase of J. mandshurica substrate, but Fe, Mn and Zn were increased.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.286-290
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• 2009

The transcription of mRNA of avian influenza virus is regulated temporally during infection. Therefore, the measurement of transcript level in host cells should be performed before viral release from host cells because errors can occur in the analysis of the transcript levels if the viruses released from the infected cells re-infect cells. In this study, the timing of viral release was determined by measuring the level of viral RNA from viruses released from H9N2-infected chicken fibroblast cell line UMNSAH/DF-1 by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The viral genomic RNA was isolated together with mouse total RNA which was added to the collected medium as carrier to monitor the viral RNA recovery and to use its GAPDH as an internal control for normalizing reverse transcription reaction as well as PCR reaction. It was found that viral release of H9N2 in the chicken fibroblast cell line UMNSAH/DF-1 took between 16 and 20 h after infection. We measured all 8 viral mRNA levels. Of the 8 transcripts, 7 species of viral mRNAs (each encoding HA, NA, PB1, PB2, NP, M, NS, respectively) except PA mRNA showed robust amplification, indicating these mRNA can be used as targets for amplification to measure transcript levels. These results altogether suggest that the method in this study can be used for screening antiviral materials against viral RNA polymerase as a therapeutic target.