Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3339/jkspn.2010.14.2.143

The Changes of Slit Diaphragm Molecules After Using Sirolimus  

Choi, Jung-Youn (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University)
Han, Gi-Dong (Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University)
Kim, Yong-Jin (Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University)
Park, Yong-Hoon (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University)
Publication Information
Childhood Kidney Diseases / v.14, no.2, 2010 , pp. 143-153 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: Recently, massive proteinuria has been observed in some transplant patients after switching cyclosporine A (CsA) to sirolimus. To evaluate the pathogenesis of sirolimus-associated proteinuria, we investigated the early changes in slit diaphragm molecules by various administrative conditions of sirolimus and CsA. Methods: In vitro-Mouse podocytes were incubated with buffer (C), sirolimus ($10\;{\mu}g/mL$) after CsA ($10\;{\mu}g/mL$) (C-S), sirolimus only (S) and CsA and sirolimus simultaneously (C+S) for 12, 24, and 48 hours. In vivo- twenty four SPF female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups buffer (C), sirolimus after 2 weeks of CsA (C-S), sirolimus only (S) and CsA and sirolimus simultaneously (C+S). All groups were treated by intraperitoneal injection every other day for 4 weeks (CsA: 25 mg/kg, sirolimus: 0.5 mg/kg). The changes in mRNA of slit diaphragm molecules were examined by RT-PCR. Results: The mRNA of nephrin was significantly decreased in group C-S and C+S in vitro. In vivo, the mRNA of nephrin in all groups using sirolimus and the mRNA of podocin in group C-S and C+S were decreased. Microscopically, group C-S and C+S showed small vacuolization and calcification in proximal tubular epithelial cells. Immunohistochemistry using nephrin and podocin antibodies did not show remarkable decrease of staining along the glomerular capillaries. Electron-microscopically, focal fusion of foot processes was seen in group C-S and C+S. Conclusion: This study suggests the decrease of slit diaphragm molecules (nephrin and podocin) in podocyte may be one of the causes of sirolimus associated proteinuria, and podocyte injury by sirolimus may need a primary hit by CsA to develop the proteinuria.
Keywords
Sirolimus; Proteinuria; Cyclosporine; Nephrin;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Hariharan S, Johnson CP, Bresnahan BA, Taranto SE, McIntosh MJ, Stablein D. Improved graft survival after renal transplantation in the United States, 1988 to 1996. N Engl J Med 2000;342:605-12.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Sehgal SN. Sirolimus: its discovery, biological properties, and mechanism of action. Transplant Proc 2003;35:7S-14S.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Letavernier E, Pe'raldi MN, Pariente A, Morelon E, Legendre C. Proteinuria following a switch from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus Transplantation. 2005;80:1198-203.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Rangan GK. Sirolimus-associated proteinuria and renal dysfunction. Drug Saf 2006; 29:1153-61.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Diekmann F, Gutierrez-Dalmau A, Lopez S, Cofan F, Esforzado N, Ricart MJ, et al. Influence of sirolimus on proteinuria in de novo kidney transplantation with expanded criteria donors: comparison of two CNI-free protocols. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;22:2316-21.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Faul C, Donnelly M, Merscher-Gomez S, Chang YH, Franz S, Delfgaauw J, et al. The actin cytoskeleton of kidney podocytes is a direct target of the antiproteinuric effect of cyclosporine A. Nat Med. 2008;14:931-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Stallone G, Infante B, Schena A, Battaglia M, Ditonno P, Loverre A, et al. Rapamycin for treatment of chronic allograft nephropathy in renal transplant patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:3755-62.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Bumbea V, Kamar N, Ribes D, Esposito L, Modesto A, Guitard J, et al. Long-term results in renal transplant patients with allograft dysfunction after switching from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005;20:2517-23.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Gonwa TA, Hricik DE, Brinker K, Grinyo JM, Schena FP; Sirolimus Renal Function Study Group. Improved renal function in sirolimus-treated renal transplant patients after early cyclosporine elimination. Transplantation 2002;74:1560-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Boratynska M, Banasik M, Watorek E, Falkiewicz K, Patrzałek D, Szyber P, et al. Conversion to sirolimus from cyclosporine may induce nephrotic proteinuria and progressive deterioration of renal function in chronic allograft nephropathy patients. Transplant Proc 2006;38:101-4.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Franco AF, Martini D, Abensur H, Noronha IL. Proteinuria in transplant patients associated with sirolimus. Transplant Proc 2007; 39:449-52.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Izzedine H, Brocheriou I, Frances C. Posttransplantation proteinuria and sirolimus. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2088-9.
13 Letavernier E, Legendre C. mToR inhibitors- induced proteinuria: mechanisms, significance, and management. Transplant Rev(Orlando). 2008;22:125-30.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Han GD, Suzuki K, Koike H, Suzuki K, Yoneyama H, Narumi S, et al. IFN-inducible protein-10 plays a pivotal role in maintaining slit-diaphragm function by regulating podocyte cell-cycle balance. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;17:442-53.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Sennesael JJ, Bosmans JL, Bogers JP, Verbeelen Verbeelen D, Verpooten GA. Conversion from cyclosporine to sirolimus in stable renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 2005; 80:1578-85.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Kwoh C, Shannon MB, Miner JH, Shaw A. Pathogenesis of nonimmune glomerulopathies. Annu Rev Pathol 2006;1:349-74.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Kawachi H, Miyauchi N, Suzuki K, Han GD, Orikasa M, Shimizu F. Role of podocyte slit diaphragm as a filtration barrier. Nephrology (Carlton) 2006;11:274-81.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Kerjaschki D. Caught flat-footed: podocyte damage and the molecular bases of focal glomerulosclerosis. J Clin Invest 2001;108: 1583-7.   DOI
19 Vollenbroker B, George B, Wolfgart M, Saleem MA, Pavenstadt H, Weide T. mTOR regulates expression of slit diaphragm proteins and cytoskeleton structure in podocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009;296: F418-26.   DOI
20 Kahan BD. Efficacy of sirolimus compared with azathioprine for reduction of acute renal allograft rejection: a randomised multicentre study. The Rapamune US Study Group. Lancet 2000;356:194-202.
21 Kokui K, Yoshikawa N, Nakamura H, Itoh H. Cyclosporin reduces proteinuria in rats with aminonucleoside nephrosis. J Pathol 1992; 166:297-301.   DOI
22 Meyrier A. Antiproteinuric and immunological effects of cyclosporin A in the treatment of glomerular diseases. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1992;7:S80-4.
23 Nacar A, Kiyici H, Ogus E, Zagyapan R, Demirhan B, Ozdemir H, et al. Ultrastructural examination of glomerular and tubular changes in renal allografts with cyclosporine toxicity. Ren Fail 2006;28:543-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 DiJoseph JF, Sharma RN, Chang JY. The effect of rapamycin on kidney function in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Transplantation 1992; 53:507-13.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Liew A, Chiang GS, Vathsala A. Factors associated with proteinuria in renal transplant recipients treated with sirolimus. TransplInt 2009;22:313-22.
26 Ruiz JC, Campistol JM, Sanchez-Fructuoso A, Mota A, Grinyo JM, Paul J, et al. Early sirolimus use with cyclosporine elimination does not induce progressive proteinuria. Transplant Proc 2007;39:2151-2.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Abbate M, Zoja C, Corna D, Capitanio M, Bertani T, Remuzzi G. In progressive nephropathies, overload of tubular cells with filtered proteins translates glomerular permeability dysfunction into cellular signals of interstitial inflammation. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998;9:1213-24.
28 Straathof-Galema L, Wetzels JF, Dijkman HB, Steenbergen EJ, Hilbrands LB. Sirolimus- associated heavy proteinuria in a renal transplant recipient: evidence for a tubular mechanism. Am J Transplant 2006;6:429- 33.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Mreich E, Coombes JD, Rangan GK. Sirolimus does not reduce receptor-mediated endocytosis of albumin in proximal tubule cells. Transplantation 2007;83:105-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Bennett WM, DeMattos A, Meyer MM, Andoh T, Barry JM. Chronic cyclosporine nephropathy: the Achilles' heel of immunosuppressive therapy. Kidney Int 1996;50: 1089-100.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Saurina A, Campistol JM, Piera C, Diekmann F, Campos B, Campos N, et al. Conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus in chronic allograft dysfunction: changes in glomerular haemodynamics and proteinuria. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21:488-93.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 van den Akker JM, Wetzels JF, Hoitsma AJ. Proteinuria following conversion from azathioprine to sirolimus in renal transplant recipients. Kidney Int 2006;70:1355-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Letavernier E, Bruneval P, Mandet C, Van Huyen JP, Peraldi MN, Helal I, et al. High sirolimus levels may induce focal segmental glomerulosclerosis de novo. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;2:326-33.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Letavernier E, Bruneval P, Vandermeersch S, Perez J, Mandet C, Belair MF, et al. Sirolimus interacts with pathways essential for podocyte integrity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24:630-8.
35 Patari-Sampo A, Ihalmo P, Holthofer H. Molecular basis of the glomerular filtration: nephrin and the emerging protein complex at the podocyte slit diaphragm. Ann Med 2006;38:483-92.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Meier-Kriesche HU, Schold JD, Srinivas TR, Kaplan B. Lack of improvement in renal allograft survival despite a marked decrease in acute rejection rates over the most recent era. Am J Transplant 2004;4:378-83.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Weir MR, Blahut S, Drachenburg C, Young C, Papademitriou J, Klassen DK, et al. Late calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal as a strategy to prevent graft loss in patients with suboptimal kidney transplant function. Am J Nephrol 2004;24:379-86.   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Andrassy J, Graeb C, Rentsch M, Jauch KW, Guba M. mTOR inhibition and its effect on cancer in transplantation. Transplantation 2005;80:S171-4.   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Morath C, Arns W, Schwenger V, Mehrabi A, Fonouni H, Schmidt J, et al. Sirolimus in renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;22:viii61-viii65.   DOI
40 Lee VW, Chapman JR. Sirolimus: its role in nephrology. Nephrology (Carlton) 2005;10: 606-14.   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Poon M, Marx SO, Gallo R, Badimon JJ, Taubman MB, Marks AR. Rapamycin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration. J Clin Invest 1996;98:2277-83.   DOI   ScienceOn
42 He Z, Chen L, Qiu J, Li J, Zhao D, Chen G, et al. Conversion from cyclosporin A to sirolimus retards the progression of chronic allograft nephropathy in the long term in a rat kidney transplantation model. J Int Med Res 2009;37:1396-410.   DOI   ScienceOn