• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2017

Purpose: The study aimed to establish a theoretical basis for nursing intervention to improve the quality of life during early adult by identifying emotional intelligence, his or her parents' child rearing attitudes and self-identity and analyzing how the parents' child rearing attitudes and self-identity influence on emotional intelligence during that period. Method: Data were collected from August 20 2011 to September 30, 2011. Two hundred men and women who lived in the areas of Seoul and Gyeong-gi Province were recruited. A total of 189 questionnaires were used for final analysis. Collected data were analyzed through SPSS/WIN18.0. Result: The participants' emotional intelligence and self-identity proved to have positive relationship. The participants' emotional intelligence also had the positive relationship with their mothers' and fathers' child rearing attitudes. The research shows that the mother's child rearing attitude(${\beta}=.40$, p<.001), the father's child rearing(${\beta}=.10$, p<.001) and self-identity(${\beta}=.23$, p<.001) can determine emotional intelligence to a degree of 43.4% and the mother's attitude was the most influential. Conclusion: It is necessary that emotional intelligence should be enhanced referring to the two variables in nursing intervention. Furthermore, parents whose children are in childhood or adolescence need to be educated about the importance of the parents' child rearing attitudes.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.214-224
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine effects of parents' rearing attitudes perceived by bullied children. The focus in this study was on mediating effects of ego-resilience. Methods: Data were collected from 202 bullied elementary school students in grade years 5 and 6. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and structural analysis with the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program and Amos 19.0. Results: First, significant positive relations between parents' rearing attitudes and ego-resilience, significant negative relations between ego-resilience and bullying, and between parents' rearing attitude and bullying were found. Second, the effects of ego-resilience as a mediator between perceived parents' rearing attitudes and bullying were significant statistically. Conclusion: The findings suggest that educational programs for parents are needed to improve parents' perception of the importance of their rearing attitudes toward bullying and nursing intervention programs for bullied children should be developed to increase their ego-resilience.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.167-189
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among delay gratification, delay strategy, and parents' child-rearing attitude. The participants of the study were 62, 18-36 month old infants, who demonstrated individual differences in the level of delay gratification and their mothers. The instruments of the study were infant's delay gratification and delay strategy were assessed by Mischele(1974) and the parents' responded to the parents' child-rearing attitude(Cho et al., 1999). Data were collected by menas of conducting observations on infants in experimental settings and completing questionnaires with mothers. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The delay gratification of infants differed accordingly to their age. Older infants displayed increased time in showing their delay gratification, while younger infants relatively exhibited shortened time. There was no significant difference in infants' sex and the order of the birth. 2. Following the age factor, the distraction strategy in the delay strategy played a significant difference to infants. Older infants required a frequent use of the distraction strategy in comparison to younger infants. 3. The previous two factors - delay gratification and distraction strategy-showed a positive relationship. 4. The delay gratification was significantly influenced by infants' age, parents' attitude, direct facing strategy, and infants' distraction strategy. However, the delay gratification was insignificantly accounted for by infants' sex.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the mothers' rearing attitude of ADHD children and that of children with depressive disorder. Methods: The participant consisted of 58 school-aged children diagnosed as ADHD, 14 children diagnosed as depressive disorder based on DSM-IV criteria. Normal control group consisted of 34 school-aged children who are free of any diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire, Parenting Style Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory, Marital Satisfaction Scale, Beck's Depression Inventory were administered to all children and their mothers. Results: The parents of ADHD children showed more aggressive/hostile, neglecting/indifferent and less warm/affectionate parenting styles to their children than those of the depression and control groups. The depressive group perceived their parents as more rejecting than the control groups. Conclusion: The externalizing symptoms of ADHD might provoke parental distress and make it difficult for the parents to show positive rearing attitude toward their children. The depressive children might be more sensitive and perceptive to the negative sign of their parents' rearing attitude.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1355-1366
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• 2014

The purpose of research is to find out the factors that affects multi cultural acceptance of parents' child rearing behavior of elementary school students and psychological well-being. In order to accomplish the purpose, survey was conducted on 328 elementary school students in the city of I. The results were first, parents' child rearing behavior of elementary school students, psychological well-being and multi-cultural acceptance didn't have difference by background variables. Second, significant relationship was present on parents' child rearing behavior of elementary school students, psychological well-being and multi cultural acceptance, Third, parents' child rearing behavior of elementary school students and psychological well-being have positive impact on multi-cultural acceptance. As seen in such results, in order to achieve effective acceptance on multi culture in regular household, the awareness and attitude on parents' child rearing behavior and feeling of psychological well-being need to change and that will have positive impact to live together for students from regular household and multi culture household as a member of multi culture society.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-65
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• 2010

The current study aims to examine differences of mother's child-rearing attitude by background variables of infant's and mothers, the influence of mother's child-rearing attitude, temperament and goodness of fit of infant's on adjustment to childcare center, and relative influence among elements. Subjects for the study were 165 infant's of two year old attending 8 childcare centers in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Jeju-do, and their mothers and homeroom teachers at childcare centers. As a result of the study, it was found that there was no difference in background variables such as sex and order among siblings of infant's, childcare experience and average hours at childcare centers a day, and mother's age and job, while there were differences in mother's child-rearing attitude by mother's education, household's monthly income and mother's working hours per week. Also it was observed that mother's restrictive attitude, positive attitude and infant's regular temperament influenced their adjustment to childcare centers, and relatively influential elements on general adjustment to childcare centers were mother's restrictive attitude and positive attitude. That IS, it was found that as mother's restrictive attitude and positive attitude were high, infant's general adjustment to childcare centers became high. These study results show that if infant's learn basic rules and habits from parents at home by having positive relationship with mothers, getting appropriate educative instruction, having proper autonomy and obtaining positive assessment from their mothers, rather than strict restriction or bluff, can adapt themselves to childcare centers with no difficulty.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2019

The purposes of this study were to concretely reveal the effect of the parents' child-rearing attitude perceived by adolescents and the school life adaptation on the problem behavior, and to verify the moderating effect of the ego-resilience on the relationship between the parents' child-rearing attitude and the school life adaptation and the adolescent problem behavior. This study analyzed a total of 2,107 students in the first year of high school, which was the 4th year data(2013) of Korea Children Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS) 2010. The reliability, descriptive statistics, t-test, and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted using SPSS WIN 22.0. The results were as follows. First, the effect of the parents' child-rearing attitude(supervision, affection, reasonable explanation, excessive interference, excessive expectation, and inconsistency), school life adaptation(relationship with teacher, relationship with friend, school regulation, and learning activity), and ego-resilience on the adolescent problem behavior was analyzed. As a result, the relationship with friend(-) had the highest influence on the adolescent problem behavior, followed by learning activity(-), inconsistency(+), ego-resilience(-), excessive interference(+), and supervision(-). However, the remaining sub-variables did not have any significant influence on the adolescent problem behavior. Second, the moderating effect of the ego-resilience on the relationship among the parents' child-rearing attitude, adaptation to school life, and adolescent problem behavior. The ego-resilience was found to moderate the effects of parents' positive child-rearing attitude, interpersonal relationships, and school adaptation on the adolescent problem behavior. However, the moderating effect was not significant for the effect of negative child-rearing attitude on the adolescent problem behavior. Therefore, various ego-resilience enhancement programs need to be developed and researched as a part of the safety education through the home economics class.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.5-18
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were to measure the degree of perceived uncertainty and to identify the rearing attitudes of mothers with chronically ill children, and to examine the relationship between the perceived uncertainty and the rearing attitude of these mothers. The subjects of this study consisted of 133 mothers with chronically ill children, registered at 2 university hospitals in Seoul. Data was collected from April 1 to May 31, 1996. The Parents' Perception of Uncertainty Scale(28-item 4 point scale) and the Maternal Behavior Research Instrument (49-item 5 point scale) were used. Data was analyzed by Cluster analysis, ANOVA MANOVA and t-test. Results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Mothers perceived their uncertainty to be slightly high (Mn 2.48). The degree of perceived uncertainty by the four components slightly differed unpredictability(2.72), lack in clarity(2.58), vagueness (2.52) and lack of information(2.04) . The degree of perceived uncertainty of mothers with ill children revealed to be influenced significantly by the age of the ill children, duration of illness after the diagnosis, and the experience of hospitalization. 2. Among the rearing attitudes : moderatlely high affective(Mn 3.98) and resrictive(Mn 3.58) attitudes of mothers toward their ill children were identified. Mothers tend to give positive evaluations of their childrens' behaviors (Mn 3.38) and less rejection(Mn 2.81). 3. Mothers' rearing attitude were correlated with the degree of perceived uncertainty in illness ; mothers in the Low Perceived Uncertainty Group (Mn 1.99) revealed the highest affective (Mn 4.08), the lowest resrictive(Mn. 2.72) attitudes and tendency to give positive evaluations of their childrens' behaviors (Mn 3.54) compared to the High Perceived Uncertainty Group(Mn 3.26) and Moderate Perceived Uncertaity Group(Mn 2.57). 4. The degree of perceived uncertainty, the duration of illness after the diagnosis and the experience of hospitalization revealed to be significantly influential to the rearing attitude of mothers with chronically ill children. From the above results, it can be concluded that predicting and controlling mothers' uncertainty are necessary for improved, efficient nursing interventions and normal growth & development of the chronically ill children.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.83-104
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide diverse points of view to understand the low fertility issue of Korean society. For this phenomenological qualitative study, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 married couples(28 persons) all raising three children. Participants were asked about overall family and work life, child care role performance, thoughts about child rearing, and their sociocultural context. Interview data were explored based on 6 analyzing steps offered by S, J, Talyor and R. Bogdan(1984). Most participants of this study were formed positive perceptions about having three children. Parents' positive perception was closely related with their attitude of not worrying too much about their children's future as well as child caring contexts around them. Parents' perception about having three children was also linked with their child care role construction process. In detail, parents with more positive perceptions tended to increase their level of child care involvement. This was particularly true for fathers. Mother and father's job situation emerged as an important factor to shape their child care involvement. In addition, child care attitude of people around them explained father's child care involvement. Applying these qualitative results, we first expect to provide detailed ideas about lives with three children in Korea. Second, based on our study findings, a more realistic and helpful policy to help the low fertility problem could be developed. Lastly, we also hope to provide helpful phenomenological qualitative research about low fertility issues of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.49
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• pp.155-172
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of children's personality traits and parental child-rearing attitudes on clothing attitudes and color evaluation of preschool children. The subjects for this study consisted of 360 five-year-old children who were attending a preschool and their parents in Cheju Island Korea. Employed mothers had significantly higher score on love acceptance attitude than unemployed mothers did. Female children had more conservative attitude on clothing sex-role than male children did There were no significant gender differences in parental child-rearing attitudes. There were significant relationships between gender and preferred clothing colors. Male children were more likely to prefer blue red, green, and prussian blue for the colors of clothing than were female children while female children liked pink yellow and orange more than male children. Boys selected blue and girls selected pink as the most preferred clothing color. Overall preschool children chose red as the most preferred color black as the most disliked color. The children's sex identification by clothing color was highly consistent with the conservative attitude of adults for all colors. That is preschool children identified pink red and yellow with female color while prussian blue blue and green with male color. Clothing interest of boys was influenced by the mother's state of employment and academic trait. The boys high in academic trait and whose mothers did not have job were high in clothing interest. Clothing management of boys was influenced by emotionality and love acceptance rearing Ttitude. Clothing independednce of boys was influenced by authority control rearing attitude Clothing sex-role of boys was influenced by familism trait. The boys high in familism trait had open-hearted attitude in clothing sex-role. Clothing interest of girls was influenced by academic trait clothing management by sociality clothing independence by emotionality and clothing satisfaction by familism trait. Therefore the more positive personality children had the higher clothing interest and the more desirable clothing attitudes they had.