• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 전력전자학회 2017년도 전력전자학술대회
• /
• pp.231-232
• /
• 2017

This paper describes the design and implementation of a 2.5kW (500V, 5A) simmer circuit that maintains the ionization of xenon gas inside the lamp. The design is based on a LCC resonant converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM) with above resonant frequency to take advantage of high power density from using parasitic elements such as the leakage inductance in a power transformer. In addition, since the converter has current source output characteristics, it is suitable for maintaining ionization of the lamp having the negative resistance load characteristic. To verify this converter design, PSpice modeling was performed. Finally, the developed simmer circuit is verified by a resistive load of rated performance and the Ionization maintenance operation of the xenon flash lamp.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.687-703
• /
• 2019

A survey we conducted suggests that the ingestion of veterinary drug residues in edible animal parts constitutes a potential health hazard for its consumers, including, specifically, the possibility of developing multidrug resistance, carcinogenicity, and disruption of intestinal normal microflora. The survey results indicated that antibiotics, parasitic drugs, anticoccidial, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are broadly used, and this use in livestock is associated with the appearance of residues in various animal products such as milk, meat, and eggs. We observed that different cooking procedures, heating temperatures, storage times, fermentation, and pH have the potential to decrease drug residues in animal products. Several studies have reported the use of thermal treatments and sterilization to decrease the quantity of antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, macrolides, and sulfonamides, in animal products. Fermentation treatments also decreased levels of penicillin and pesticides such as dimethoate, malathion, Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, and lindane. pH, known to influence decreases in cloxacillin and oxacillin levels, reportedly enhanced the dissolution of antimicrobial drug residues. Pressure cooking also reduced aldrin, dieldrin, and endosulfan in animal products. Therefore, this review provides updated information on the control of drug residues in animal products, which is of significance to veterinarians, livestock producers, and consumer health.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제60권6호
• /
• pp.379-391
• /
• 2022

Leishmaniasis is a serious parasitic disease caused by Leishmania spp. transmitted through sandfly bites. This disease is a major public health concern worldwide. It can occur in 3 different clinical forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis (CL, MCL, and VL, respectively), caused by different Leishmania spp. Currently, licensed vaccines are unavailable for the treatment of human leishmaniasis. The treatment and prevention of this disease rely mainly on chemotherapeutics, which are highly toxic and have an increasing resistance problem. The development of a safe, effective, and affordable vaccine for all forms of vector-borne disease is urgently needed to block transmission of the parasite between the host and vector. Immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of leishmaniasis are complex. IL-12-driven Th1-type immune response plays a crucial role in host protection. The essential purpose of vaccination is to establish a protective immune response. To date, numerous vaccine studies have been conducted using live/attenuated/killed parasites, fractionated parasites, subunits, recombinant or DNA technology, delivery systems, and chimeric peptides. Most of these studies were limited to animals. In addition, standardization has not been achieved in these studies due to the differences in the virulence dynamics of the Leishmania spp. and the feasibility of the adjuvants. More studies are needed to develop a safe and effective vaccine, which is the most promising approach against Leishmania infection.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제62권4호
• /
• pp.30.1-30.6
• /
• 2022

In the study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNOPs) at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were tested for their antimicrobial action against the oocysts of Eimeria tenella. The oocysts of E. tenella were isolated from the feces of broilers received at the veterinary hospital in Diwaniyah Province and initially diagnosed by compound optical microscopy. The oocysts were confirmed molecularly by polymerase chain reaction targeting the ITS1 gene with a molecular weight of 409 bp. The results in the first week showed that ZNOP concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/kg possess various activities against E. tenella, while 60 mg/kg was the most effective in reducing excreted oocysts compared to the positive control and amprolium group, along with the appearance of mild symptoms and a mortality rate of 0.8%. In the second week of infection, excreted oocysts and mortality rates generally decreased in all treated groups. A comparison of all groups showed that the 60 mg/kg ZNOP-treated group had a significantly lower number of excreted oocysts, and all birds in this group recovered during the second week of infection. These findings revealed the prospect of using ZNOPs against E. tenella in challenging situations of the appearance of resistance to anticoccidial agents.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2024

Poultry coccidiosis is an intestinal infection caused by an intracellular parasitic protozoan of the genus Eimeria. Coccidia-induced gastrointestinal inflammation results in large economic losses, hence finding methods to decrease its prevalence is critical for industry participants and academic researchers. It has been demonstrated that coccidiosis can be effectively controlled and managed by employing anticoccidial chemical compounds. However, as a result of their extensive use, anticoccidial drug resistance in Eimeria species has raised concerns. Phytochemical/herbal medicines (Artemisia annua, Bidens pilosa, and garlic) seem to be a promising strategy for preventing coccidiosis, in accordance with the "anticoccidial chemical-free" standards. The impact of herbal supplements on poultry coccidiosis is based on the reduction of oocyst output by preventing the proliferation and growth of Eimeria species in chicken gastrointestinal tissues and lowering intestinal permeability via increased epithelial turnover. This review provides a thorough up-to-date assessment of the state of the art and technologies in the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens, including the most used phytochemical medications, their mode of action, and the applicable legal framework in the European Union.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제24권11호
• /
• pp.1104-1112
• /
• 2013

본 논문에서는 감지기에서 특정 거리만큼 떨어진 곳에 버블 형태의 감지 영역을 형성하는 새로운 버블형 동작 감지기를 위해 나노초의 발진 기동 시간과 8.35 GHz의 중심주파수를 가지는 광대역 콜피츠 전압제어발진기를 설계 및 제작하였다. 전압제어발진기는 HEMT 소자 및 콜피츠 궤환 구조를 이용한 부성 저항부와 바랙터 다이오드 및 단락된 마이크로스트립 분기 선로를 이용한 공진부로 구성되었다. 패키지된 트랜지스터의 기생 인덕턴스로 인해 8.1 GHz에서 용량성 값에서 유도성 값으로 변하는 부성 저항부의 리액턴스 변화는 마이크로스트립 분기 선로와 직렬 캐패시터를 이용하여 보상하였다. 부성 저항 값을 결정하는 궤환 캐패시터들의 값을 조정함으로써 부성 저항 값 변화에 따른 발진 기동 시간 개선 여부와 부성 저항부의 입력 리액턴스 기울기 변화에 따른 대역폭 개선 여부도 조사되었다. 제작된 전압제어발진기는 2.3 GHz(28 %)의 튜닝 대역폭과 4.1~7.5 dBm의 출력 전력, 그리고 2 nsec 이하의 발진 기동 시간을 가지는 것으로 측정되었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2009

Cu pillar 범프를 사용한 플립칩 접속부는 솔더범프 접속부에 비해 칩과 기판사이의 거리를 감소시키지 않으면서 미세피치 접속이 가능하기 때문에, 특히 기생 캐패시턴스를 억제하기 위해 칩과 기판사이의 큰 거리가 요구되는 RF 패키지에서 유용한 칩 접속공정이다. 본 논문에서는 칩에는 Cu pillar 범프, 기판에는 Sn 범프를 전기도금하고 이들을 플립칩 본딩하여 Cu pillar 범프 접속부를 형성 한 후, Sn 전기도금 범프의 높이에 따른 Cu pillar 범프 접속부의 접속저항과 칩 전단하중을 측정하였다. 전기도금한 Sn 범프의 높이를 5 ${\mu}m$에서 30 ${\mu}m$로 증가시킴에 따라 Cu pillar 범프 접속부의 접속저항이 31.7 $m{\Omega}$에서 13.8 $m{\Omega}$로 향상되었으며, 칩 전단하중이 3.8N에서 6.8N으로 증가하였다. 반면에 접속부의 종횡비는 1.3에서 0.9로 저하하였으며, 접속부의 종횡비, 접속저항 및 칩 전단하중의 변화거동으로부터 Sn 전기도금 범프의 최적 높이는 20 ${\mu}m$로 판단되었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
• /
• pp.157-157
• /
• 2008

As the minimum feature size of semiconductor devices scales down to nano-scale regime, ultra shallow junction is highly necessary to suppress short channel effect. At the same time, Ni-silicide has attracted a lot of attention because silicide can improve device performance by reducing the parasitic resistance of source/drain region. Recently, further improvement of device performance by reducing silicide to source/drain region or tuning the work function of silicide closer to the band edge has been studied extensively. Rare earth elements, such as Er and Yb, and Pd or Pt elements are interesting for n-type and p-type devices, respectively, because work function of those materials is closer to the conduction and valance band, respectively. In this paper, we increased the work function between Ni-silicide and source/drain by using Pd stacked structure (Pd/Ni/TiN) for high performance PMOSFET. We demonstrated that it is possible to control the barrier height of Ni-silicide by adjusting the thickness of Pd layer. Therefore, the Ni-silicide using the Pd stacked structure could be applied for high performance PMOSFET.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.81-84
• /
• 2007

We studied two research items that can be undetermined issues in the artificial seed production of the Japanese scallops, Patinopecten yessoensis, batch-specific quality of the reproductive outputs and nursery acclimation, in the embayed waters of Yangyang, Gangwon, Korea. The first batch of the spawner showed better results in terms of survival, growth, and resistance against parasitic ciliate infection over the second batch that was obtained in 5 days after first batch from the same spawner. The early attached spats directly placed in the farming ground (the unacclimated) were resistant against the water current of the open environment, by showing survival of about 80% for a month, a normal survival compared with other results. However, the spat survival during the nursery acclimation was significantly lowered in comparison with that in the unacclimated condition (P<0.01). We discussed the research results of the two items, particularly focusing on their availability for mass seed production for aquaculture in the Korean coastal waters of the East Sea (Sea of Japan).

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제4권
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 1965

The work on the 'Studies of radiosensitivity' in Korea has been initiated since 1959 by the author at various institutions in home and foreign countries, and more than 20000 of plant materials in 73 varieties and 41 kinds are treated under varied conditions for the studies of radiosensitivity in plants. However, a study of the susceptibility to radiation in insect pests as well as their biological effects has not been previously reported in this country. During the year of 1964 and 1965, near 50000 of insects at the stages of adult, egg, larva and pupa in 14 different kinds are irradiated under acute X and gamma rays to investigate the behavior of growth and lethality after irradiation, and thrir general tolerances to radiations are compared by the kind of insects, stage of growth, radiation sources and exposured dosages. Through the experiments, it is shown that the lethality in most of insects are high as several kilo roentgens above and no significant effects on pupation. emergence, and oviposition in the treated generation at the dose of 3 Kr. below, but in the following generation , the rice stem borer for instance, no oviposition or decreased laying is observed from the dosages at 3 Kr. to 1 Kr., and the hatching was possible from 1.5 Kr. below of irradiated larvae although laying and hatching are seemed in normal. In general, the lethal dose $50\%$ of tested infect materials at the larval stage can he classified some what 60-80 Kr. for Pine caterpillar, Fall webworm, Camphor silk moth and their relatives, at 40-60 Kr. for Gypsy moth, Monley prominent and some relatives and at 20-30 Kr. for House fly, Rice weevil, Pine sawfly etc. Plant parasitic nematodes such as Hirschmannia and Paratylenchus shown very high resistance to radiation and the LD-50 is observed from 100 Kr. or above. A concept to evaluate the radiosensitivity in insects by taxological family line as a practical measure is not answerable yet, but it ran he solved within the near future through the continuing experiments.