• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.18-19
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• 1999

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 2002

The mammalian fossil remains of the Quaternary have been the crucial subjects for the archaeologist since long time. Because these materials have been used as a guide to environment and they help us to reconstruct a picture of past human subsistence concerning the hunting, dismembering and bone tools. The mammalians have distinctive characteristics and biotopes in order to adapt to environment change and modify even forms and number of bones. In this paper, we examine bone structures and numbers of several mammalians discovered in Paleolithic site during the Quaternary. We hope that this work could be attribute to more information about the relationship between Paleolithic men and the mammalians.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.63
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• pp.65-82
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• 2004

The most typical period of Upper Paleolithic age in Korea is related with a blade tool culture and a microblade culture. Recently, we can figure out that there were a typical blade tool culture of Korea by being discovered to Goreari site and Jingnel site

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.373-388
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• 2016

To understand human activity in the past, the information about past environmental change including geomorphological and climatic conditions is essential and this can be traced by using age dating and geochemical analysis of sediments from the prehistoric sites. The sedimentary sequence of Seokgwan-dong Paleolithic Site located in Seoul was 5m long unconsolidated sediments and consists of lower part bedrock weathering sediments, slope deposits and upper-part fluvial deposits. In this study, upper part sediments were used to reconstruct past environmental change through age dating and various physical and chemical analyses including grain size, magnetic susceptibility and mineral and elements. The fluvial sediments can be divided into 4 units including three organic layers. Grain size analysis results showed that the sediments were very poorly sorted with fining upward features. Magnetic susceptibility was relatively high in the organic layers, indicating environmental changes causing mineral composition change at that times. The mineral and major element composition are similar to Jurassic biotite granite which mainly consists of quartz, K-feldspar, biotite and muscovite. The radiocarbon age of $14,240{\pm}80yr$ BP was obtained from the lower most organic layer of Unit III(O), suggesting that the fluvial sediments formed at least from the early stage of deglacial period after the end of Last Glacial Maximum. Subsequent wet and warm climates and resultant fluvial process including slope sedimentation during the Holocene may have been responsible for the sedimentary sequence in Seokgwan-dong paleolithic site and surrounding area. The observed organic layers suggests frequent wetland occurrence combined with natural levee changes in this area.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.145-148
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• 2003

The Kunang cave paleolithic site is located at Tanyang [$N37^{\circ}2'$, $128^{\circ}21'E$], Chungbuk Province, which is in the Central part of the Korean peninsula. The cave is developed at 312 amsl in a karstic mountainous area. The South Han River flows across this region and other caves can also be found near the river. The site was discovered in 1986 and excavated 3 times by the Chungbuk National University Museum until now. The cave was wellpreserved from modem human activities until the first discovery. The full length of the cave is estimated to be ca. 140 m. However, a spacious part up to 11 m from the entrance has been excavated. Eight lithological units are divided over the vertical profile at a depth of 5 m. Each unit is deposited in ascending order as follow: mud layer (Unit 9), lower complex (Unit 8) which is composed of angular blocks and fragments with a muddy matrix, lower travertine layer (Unit 7； flowstone), middle complex (Unit 6; cultural layer) which is composed of fragments with a muddy matrix, middle travertine layer (Unit 5； flowstone), yellowish muddy layer (Unit 4), upper complex (Unit 3； cultural layer) which has a similar composition to Unit 8. the upper travertine layer (Unit 2； flowstone), and finally surface soil layer (Unit 1). The most abundant vestiges in the cultural layers are the animal bones. They are small fractured pieces and mostly less than 3 cm in length. About 3,800 bone pieces from 25 animal species have been collected so far, 90 percent of them belonging to young deers. Previous archaeological study of these bone pieces shows thatprehistoric people occupied the cavenot for permanent dwelling but for temporary shelter during their seasonal hunting activity. More extensive studies of these bones together with pollen analysis are in progress to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of this cave. Only a single date (12,500 BP) obtained from a U-Th measurement of the upper travertine layer was previously available. In spite of the importance of the cave stratigraphy, there was no detail chronological investigation to establish the depositional process of the cultural layers and to understand the periodic structure of the cave strata, alternating travertine floor and complex layers. We have measured five 14C age dating (38900+/-1000, 36400+/-900, 40600+/-1600, more than 51000 and 52000 14C BP) using Seoul National University 14C AMS facility, conducted systematic process of the collagen extraction from bone fragments samples. From the result, we estimate that sedimentation rate of the cave earth is constant, and that the travertine layers, Unit 2 and Unit 3, was formed during MIS 5a(ca. 80 kBP) and MIS 5c (ca. 100 kBP) respectively. The Kunang Cave site is located at Yochonli of the region of Danyang in the mid-eastern part of Korea. This region is compased of limestones in which many caves were found and the Nam-han river flows meanderingly. The excavations were carried out three times in 1986, 1988, and 1998.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1998

파주 금파리 구석기 유적에서 드러난 구덩이 유구들은 타원형이거나 약간 불규칙하 기는 하지만 타원형 또는 불규칙한 평면모양을 하고 있고 내부에 호소성 퇴적물이 보이는 경우도 있다. 그런데 내부에서 구석기 유물들이 집중 출토되어 주목된다. 이유구의 형성요인 은 현재로서 정확하지는 않지만 흐르는 물에 의해 침식이 된 흔적 거대한 나무가 쓰러지면 서 생긴 구덩이 그리고 인위적인 가공등을 들수 있는데 현재로서는 자연적으로 형성되었을 가능성이 가장 많지만 인위적인 변형이나 이용가능성을 전혀 배제 할 수는 없다. 여하간에 이러한 작업가설들 모두가 아직은 검증되지 못한 단계로 앞으로 이러한 현상에 대한 직접관 찰을 반복함으로써 설명될수 있을것으로 보이며 구덩이의 형성과정의 복원과 함께 이러한 구덩이가생길 수 있는 기후 및 지질환경의 복원은 구석기인들이 생활을 복원하는데 주용한 시사를 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.12 no.1 s.15
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• pp.26-30
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• 2003

We examined the species of charcoals excavated at the late paleotithic site of Suyanggae. Suyanggae is located on the riverbed of Han river near Banyans, central Korea. The charcoals belong to the post-glacial period (radiocarbon dates: $18,630\~16,400\;BP$). Only two species were identified. Most of samples (139 among 142) examined were Pinus spp. (diploxylon). The other 3 samples were Picea spp. The results suggest the upper layer at $235\~245\;cm$ below the ground level was formed during dry and warm post glacial period, predominated by two needle pines and lower layer at 270 cm below the ground layer during the last glacial maximum period, predominated by spruces.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.927-933
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• 2021

People have lived with and used animals for various purposes since the Paleolithic age. Therefore, animal bone research is interesting because it can infer the status of use, determine species, and ascertain the uses of animals that lived at the time. An analysis of ancient DNA was attempted to identify the species of ancient animal bones excavated from an archaeological site. Twelve animal bones from the Geumgwan Gaya period, excavated in Bonghwang-dong, Gimhae, were used in this study. After extracting DNA from the sample, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gene amplification was performed. Species-specific primers of livestock groups such as pig, cattle, and deer were selected and used. This livestock group was a major source of protein for people who lived on the Korean Peninsula at that time. As a result, 11 sample species were identified. This study is contributes to the restoration of past life information by applying biological technologies to archaeological sites. It is also expected that such analyses of biological remains will ultimately be used to restore historical and cultural information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.120-121
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• 1999

1. 충북대학교 박물관팀이 충북 청원군 옥산면 소로리에서 구석기시대 유적지를 발굴하는 과정에서 13,010BP로 추정되는 상위토탄층에서 고대형 탄화벼가 출토되었고 36,350BP 이전으로 추정되는 하위토탄층에서 유사벼가 출토되었다. 2. 고대형벼는 11개의 단립형과 1개의 장립형이었다. 장립형벼는 영피표면에 융모가 없고 황금색인(Smootn and gold-hull) 세장립이었다. 그 크기는 지금의 세장한 indica 와 비슷하였다. 3. 유사벼는 영표면에 융모가 있고 깍지(莢)모양으로 되어있는 것(유사벼-1)과 영표면에 융모없이 미끈한것(유사벼-2)으로 2종류가 있었다. 이들의 크기는 모두 벼알과 비슷하였다. 4. DNA 분석결과 고대벼는 지금의 재배종 japonica 나 indica 와는 차이를 보였다. 장립종은 시료가 부족하여 분석하지 못하였다. 유사벼-1은 재배종 벼와 약간 유사한점이 보였으나 유사벼-2는 유사점이 없었다. 5. 고대벼에서는 쌍봉돌기(Bi-peak protuberences)가 있었으나 유사벼-1 과 유사벼-2에서는 이것이 없었다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.28-50
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• 2024

A fact-finding survey of the Demilitarized Zone can be said to be a very meaningful academic survey linked to previous index surveys of protected military areas and municipal and excavation surveys of ruins and military sites on Mount Dora. Not a few ruins were first discovered in this survey, and the locations, structures, and restoration artifacts of the previously investigated ruins were confirmed differently, raising the need for a detailed investigation. In particular, it is noteworthy that various relics from the Paleolithic Age to the Joseon Dynasty were recovered from relics dispersion sites such as Josan-ri and Cheorwon Gangseo-ri in Paju, and Hoengsan-ri Temple Site is also a Buddhist relic in the Demilitarized Zone. However, in the case of some graveyards and relics sites in the Paju region, it was an opportunity to understand the reality that they are not safe from cultivation and development, and the ruins of Cheorwon Capital Castle, Seongsanseong Fortress, Jorangjin Bastion, and Gangseo-ri Bastion were damaged during the construction of military facilities, and an urgent investigation is needed. Also, farmland and hilly areas around the ruins of Jangdan, Gunnae-myeon, and Gangsan-ri have not been properly investigated for buried cultural assets due to small-scale development. Therefore, it is an important time for the relevant authorities and agencies to cooperate more closely to establish special management and medium- to long-term investigation measures for the cultural heritage in the Demilitarized Zone based on the results of this fact-finding investigation.