• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.1887-1903
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• 2013

We continue the study of McCoy condition to analyze zero-dividing polynomials for the constant annihilators in the ideals generated by the coefficients. In the process we introduce the concept of ideal-${\pi}$-McCoy rings, extending known results related to McCoy condition. It is shown that the class of ideal-${\pi}$-McCoy rings contains both strongly McCoy rings whose non-regular polynomials are nilpotent and 2-primal rings. We also investigate relations between the ideal-${\pi}$-McCoy property and other standard ring theoretic properties. Moreover we extend the class of ideal-${\pi}$-McCoy rings by examining various sorts of ordinary ring extensions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.651-661
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• 2008

Given binary operations "*" and "$\circ$" on a set X, define a product binary operation "$\Box$" as follows: $x{\Box}y\;:=\;(x\;{\ast}\;y)\;{\circ}\;(y\;{\ast}\;x)$. This in turn yields a binary operation on Bin(X), the set of groupoids defined on X turning it into a semigroup (Bin(X), $\Box$)with identity (x * y = x) the left zero semigroup and an analog of negative one in the right zero semigroup (x * y = y). The composition $\Box$ is a generalization of the composition of functions, modelled here as leftoids (x * y = f(x)), permitting one to study the dynamics of binary systems as well as a variety of other perspectives also of interest.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.9
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• pp.85-113
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• 1982

The information material in the library or in the information service center is at once its own property and the national resources, so that every citizen in the country has the right to the equal use of it for the development of the country. Library co-operation enables every citizen to use easily and equally the materials in the library. In the informational society of today, owing to the information explosion, the increase in the various user's demand of the information, and the rise of the cost of information material, even the richest and highly advanced country cannot be self-sufficient. Under these circumstances, the international co-operation among libraries seems to be the best way to solve the difficulties of selfsufficiency. Therefore, this paper aims to study the background of IFLA founded in 1927 in order to promote the international library co-operation and its development up to 1970's since its establishment, and, by introducing IFLA's programs of UBC, ISBD, and UAP, to consider the significance of IFLA's contribution to the development of library and librarianship.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11c
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• pp.2407-2410
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• 2002

DRM(Digital Right Management)은 디지털 컨텐츠의 불법유통과 복제를 방지하고, 적법한 사용자만이 컨텐츠를 사용케 하며, 과금서비스 등을 통하여 디지털 컨텐츠의 저작권을 관리하는 기술이다. 현재 많은 DRM 시스템이 개발되고 있고 관련 표준화 또한 활발히 진행 중이다. 본 논문에서는 DRM 표준인 MPEG-21 IPMP(Intellectual Property Management and Protection)를 고려하여 구현한 DRM기반 유통 시스템에 관한 설명과 IPMP 표준화 현황 및 이슈에 대해 기술한다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.14 no.6 s.60
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• pp.172-182
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• 1999

1998년 9월 ITU-T TSAG의 제3차 회의에 이은 금년 4월의 제4차 회의에서도 IPR(Intellectual Property Right: 지적재산권) 논의를 통하여 ITU 지적재산권 정책에 대한 보완작업이 진행되고 있다. ITU 지적재산권 정책 보완의 초점은 특허권자가 표준화의 추진에 대하여 특허권 허여를 거절할 경우를 미연에 방지코자하는 절차 및 규정의 적용과 컴퓨터소프트웨어가 권고안에 포함될 경우의 저작권 보호 및 사용을 위한 방침의 정립에 있다. 이 두 가지 사안에 대하여 추진되고 있는 핵심 활동으로서 전자의 경우 ITU 특허정책에 대한 운용 가이드라인을 금번 4차 회의에서 보완하여 표준화된 특허성명서 양식과 함께 현재 시행하고 있으며, 후자의 경우는 독립적인 저작권 정책을 수립하고 있다. 본 고에서는 먼저 기본적인 ITU 지적재산권 정책상의 문제가 되는 배경을 설명하고, 정책 보완을 위한 3차 TSAG 회의로부터의 활동 경위와 금번 4차 회의 때의 주요 논의 내용 및 추진동향을 분석하여 소개하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.581-586
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to evaluate the injection performance of crack repair method in concrete structure. To improve the quality of the concrete structure caulking material was injected into the crack of building that were planned to be demolished and injection properties of various repair method were compared and assessed according to type of crack. Results from the test showed that when cracks and injection port were integrated and the injection port wasn't blocked repair material was able to be injected even below around 40㎏/㎠ pressure. Moreover, effective pressure each type of packer showed wide range varying from 200-400㎏/㎠. As for drill method for injection port, core drill method has shown to be more effective compared to the air pump method

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.292-302
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• 2009

Ischemia/reperfusion injury, which is commonly seen in the field of renal surgery or transplantation, is a major cause of acute renal failure. Previous studies showed that antioxidant treatments attenuated renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. The objective of this study was to examine the role of hesperidin in modulating reactive oxygen species induced inflammation and apoptosis after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Rats were subjected to right nephrectomy, 15 days later 45 min of renal ischemia and 24 h reperfusion with or without treatment with hesperidin. Renal function, inflammation and apoptosis were compared at 24 h after reperfusion injury. Hesperidin improved the renal dysfunction and reduced inflammation and apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury. In conclusion, hesperidin shows potent anti-apoptotic and antiinflammatory properties due to antioxidant property. These findings may have major implications in the treatment of human ischemic acute renal failure.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

Digital watermarking has been recently proposed as the means of intellectual property right protection of multimedia data. We present a novel watermarking scheme to hide a copyright information in a digital image. The method Is based on the 2D DWT(Discrete Wavelet Transform) and image statistics. Gaussian and Laplacian noises as the watermarks are added to the large wavelet coefficients at the high and middle frequency bands in the wavelet domain. Experimental results show that the proposed Laplacian watermark is stronger to several common image distortions, such as noises, JPEG coding as different qualities, Gaussian blurring, and edge enhancement.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.793-807
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• 2020

Stable range of rings is a unifying concept for problems related to the substitution and cancellation of modules. The newly appeared element-wise setting for the simplest case of stable range one is tempting to study the lifting property modulo ideals. We study the lifting of elements having (idempotent) stable range one from a quotient of a ring R modulo a two-sided ideal I by providing several examples and investigating the relations with other lifting properties, including lifting idempotents, lifting units, and lifting of von Neumann regular elements. In the case where the ring R is a left or a right duo ring, we show that stable range one elements lift modulo every two-sided ideal if and only if R is a ring with stable range one. Under a mild assumption, we further prove that the lifting of elements having idempotent stable range one implies the lifting of von Neumann regular elements.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 1990

Pulmonary nodules in chest X-Ray images were detected using the symmetric property of human lung and its performance was evaluated. Thls algorithm reduced the effect of background components and enhanced the nodule signals relatively. The image was divided and processed separately, the half with matched filter only, and the other half with warping and matched filter. This algorithm increased the entire detection rate by reducing False-Positive error and improving True-Positive detectability. Result shows 10-25 % improvement in detection rate compared with the conventional alsorithm for nodules size of 10mm.