• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.15
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• pp.101-107
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• 1997

Bioenzyme was made up of two predominant strain, which were nomenclated PN-1 and PN-2, respectively. PN-1 possessed spore forming ability, motility, gram positive, catalase activity, but didn't have oxidase activity, urease activity, nitrate reduction and indole forming ability. Taxonomical characteristics of the PN-2 were similar to PN-1 strain, but colony color of PN-2 was yellow-white and nitrate reduction ability was positive. Predominant strains were ascertained by physiologically and morphologically. PN-1 and PN-2 were identified Bacillus lichenifonnis and Bacillus thuringinensis, respectively. Yield of lettuce significantly increased in first and second bioenzyme treatment. Fresh weight, length of shoot, width of leaves significantly increased in N,P,K and N,P,K followed by Bioenzyme application.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1884-1891
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• 2012

In this paper, we design the sliding correlator SS transceiver which supports short message service. We also analyze the PN code acquisition circuit that is essential for spread spectrum receiver. Using Maxplus II tool provided by altera Co., Ltd, we have designed PN code generator, and sliding correlator for PN code acquisition. Then, they have been made into FPGA by way of EPM7064SLC44-10 - a chip of Altera Co., Ltd. Additionally, we have designed delay clock circuit which is faster than the clock of Tx PN clock, designed switching circuit to control the clock rate and data demodulation circuit. The performance of the transceiver is evaluated from the experimental results. Especially, the performance of PN code acquisition accomplished by sliding correlator which is very important to evaluate spread spectrum receiver is evaluated with the comparison of the lock states.

• Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.38-44
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• 2018

Purpose: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is known to provide therapeutic beneficial improvements in malnourished patients for whom enteral nutrition is not feasible. The objective of this study was to investigate the current clinical characteristics and utilization of PN in Korea. Methods: We analyzed the Health Insurance Review Agency National Inpatients Sample database from 2014 to 2016, which included 13% of all hospitalized patients in Korea. Adult patients aged 20 years or older and receiving premixed multi-chamber bag containing PN were included for this study. Patient characteristics, admission type, primary diagnosis, and hospital demographics were evaluated. SAS version 9.4 was used for data analysis. Results: From 2014 to 2016, 149,504 patients received premixed PN, with 226,281 PN prescriptions being written. The mean patient age was 65.0 years, and 81,876 patients (54.8%) were male. Premixed 3-chamber bag and 2-chamber bag PN solutions were utilized in 131,808 (88.2%) and 32,033 (21.4%) patients, respectively. The number of patients hospitalized through the emergency department were 70,693 (47.3%), whereas 43,125 patients (28.8%) were administered PN in intensive care units. In the adult PN patients, the highest primary diagnosis was malignant neoplasm of the stomach (8,911, 6.0%), followed by organism unspecified pneumonia (7,008, 4.7%), and gastroenteritis and colitis of unspecified origin (6,381, 4.3%). Overall, 34% of adult PN patients were diagnosed with malignancies, the most common being neoplasm of the stomach (17.7%), neoplasm of bronchus/lung (11.2%), neoplasm of colon (11.1%), and neoplasm of liver/intrahepatic bile ducts (10.0%). PN solutions were most frequently administered in the metropolitan area (55.0%) and in hospitals with more than 1,000 beds (23.6%). Conclusion: PN was commonly administered in older patients, with primary diagnosis of malignancy in a significant number of cases. This study is the first large-scale description of PN-prescribing patterns in real-world clinical practice in South Korea.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.10C no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose the ATM based Passive Optical Network (PON) using the optical CDMA scheme with optical switches and PN codes in time domain. We also propose the bipolar optical receiving correlator for PN codes. As optical CDMA is performed by driving directly an optical switch on-off switching with PN codes, the number of distinct code sequences can be increased and the flexibility in assigning PN codes can be improved. Finally we theoretically analyze the signal-to-interference -plus-noise ratio and the bit error probability of regenerated signal and compare the performance of proposed scheme compared with ATM based PON using conventional optical CDMA with optical delay lines.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2002

In this paper, the performance on the PN code acquisition of DS/CDMA system was analyzed using the Nakagami-m probability density function considered fading environment. The equations on detection probability, $P_D$ and false alarm probability, ($P_{FA}$, decision variables affecting the PN code acquisition time were derived and proved using simulation in order to analyze the performance. In conclusion, It was necessary increasing the gain of PLL for correcting phase errors and improving the acquisition performance of PN code in apply to the rake receiver.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.3053-3059
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• 2010

In DS-CDMA method, Mobile Stations own jointly one radio channel and are made to use a PN code (Pseudo-Noise Code) for the purpose of minimize interference. However, corelation value of PN code is one when time delay is zero but the corelation value is 1 / N when time delay is not 0. Therefore corelation characteristic does not fully attained. As a result, when the user increase, the performance degradation and system capacity problem will be able to occur by interference among users. In this paper, the PN code has ideally self corelation. It was proved that PN code could depress interference from other users in multiple access system.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.385-393
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• 2019

Background: The root and rhizome are historically and officially utilized medicinal parts of Panax notoginseng (PN) (Burk.) F. H. Chen, which in raw and steamed forms are used differently in practice. Methods: To investigate the differences in chemical composition and bioactivities of PN root and rhizome between raw and steamed forms, high-performance liquid chromatography analyses and pharmacologic effects evaluated by tests of anticoagulation, antioxidation, hemostasis, antiinflammation, and hematopoiesis were combined. Results: With the duration of steaming time, the contents of ginsenosides $Rg_1$, Re, $Rb_1$, Rd, and notoginsenoside $R_1$ in PN were decreased, while those of ginsenosides $Rh_1$, $20(S)-Rg_3$, $20(R)-Rg_3$, $Rh_4$, and $Rk_3$ were increased gradually. Raw PN samples steamed for 6 h at $120^{\circ}C$ with stable levels of most constituents were used for the subsequent study of bioeffects. Raw PN showed better hemostasis, anticoagulation, and antiinflammation effects, while steamed PN exhibited stronger antioxidation and hematopoiesis activities. For different parts of PN, contents of saponins in PN rhizome were generally higher than those in the root, which could be related to the stronger bioactivities of rhizome compared with the same form of PN root. Conclusion: This study provides basic information about the chemical and bioactive comparison of PN root and rhizome in both raw and steamed forms, indicating that the change of saponins may have a key role in different properties of raw and steamed PN.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.65-68
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• 2000

In CDMA, the currently used PN code acquisition methods detect the phase of the incoming PN signal on the basis of ML estimation. In serial search strategy, it takes relatively long time for PN code acquisition. A study related to reduce processing time of PN code acquisition is important. Therefore we propose a reference code design for a new algorithm that a reference code and the received PN code are fully correlated to detect the transmitted PN code, in detail, the relative phase offset j of c⒡. After choosing two weight factors, we show the mathematical analysis and derivation for the reference code design.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.120-124
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• 2017

In this paper, effect of antenna diversity on pseudorandom noise (PN) code acquisition performance is analyzed and simulated for a direct sequence/code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) overlay system where a CDMA user and a narrowband user coexist in the same frequency band. From the simulation results, it is shown that the antenna diversity is very effective in improving the PN acquisition performance. The results of this paper can be applied to design of synchronization scheme for a DS/CDMA overlay environment.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

In this paper, we proposed new algorithm that improves the acquisition performance of the PN code searcher used in DS-CDMA systems. Using the mean deviation computed from the correlator output of the PN code searcher, it is possible to estimate received channel environment. To satisfy the required acquisition performance in estimated channel environment, the PN code searcher changes the correlator tap size adaptively. Proposed algorithm shows improved performance compared with conventional algorithm using the fixed correlator tap size.