• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.166-175
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• 1993

The genetic variation patterns at 23 loci coding for 16 isozymes in eight natural populations of Pinus densiflora for. erects distributed in Kangwon-Kyungbuk region and 17 populations of Pinus densiflora and 13 populations of Pinus thunbergii were compared. The absence of marker alleles specific to P. thunbergii and almost the same allele-frequency distributions to those of P. densiflora did not support the hypothesis that P. densiflora for. erecta is a introgressive hybrid between P. densiflora and P. thunbergii. From the results of the hierarchial analysis of population differentiation using Wright's F statistics(1978), the frequency distributions of single-locus distance coefficients and other genetic analysis (genetic distance, cluster analysis, factor analysis, resin duct analysis), it was concluded that Pinus densiflora for. erecta cannot be treated genetically as a distinct group from other natural populations of P. densiflora.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is suggest to restoration model of Pinus thunbergii in Saha-gu, Busan Metropolitan City. The result of this study is summarized as follows; As the results of this study, vegetation restoration model is presented by separating community planting and edge planting. The community planting species of tree layer were Pinus thunbergii and Quercus acutissima and Quercus dentata and Quercus serrata and Quercus alienna and Quercus variabilis. The community planting species of subtree layer were Platycarya strobilacea and Prunus sargentii and Styrax japonica and Eurya japonica and Morus bombycis. The community planting species of shrub layer are Ulmus pavifolia and Ulmus davidiana and Lindera obtusiloba and Elaeagnus macrophylla and Mallotus japonicus and Ligustrum obtusifolium and Sorbus alnifolia and Rhus trichocarpa and Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Rosa wichuraiana and Rhus chinensis and Viburnum erosum and Rhododendron mucronulatum and Rhododendron yedoense and Indigofera pseudotinctoria. And the planting species of edge vegetation are Japanese Angelica and Symplocos chinensis and Pittosporum tobira and Lespedeza maximowiczii and Lespedeza bicolor and Rubus coreanus and Rubus idaeus and Vitis thunbergii and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata and Rosa multiflora. Considering the population of individuals up to layers in each $400m^2$ area, it was composed of 24 in tree layer, 35 in subtree layer, 410 in shrub layer and 34% herb layer in the Pinus thunbergii community. And the average of breast-high area and canopy area was $10,852cm^2$ in tree layer, in subtree layer $1,546cm^2$, in shrub layer $1,158,660cm^2$. The shortest distance between trees was calculated as 2.0m in tree layer, 1.9m in subtree layer.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 1984

Jisimdo is an island where evergreen broadleaved forests are well preserved. Soil environments and forest structures of Jisimdo were investigated, and an actual vegetation map and profile diagrams were drawn out. The natural vegetation of Jisimdo was divided into two stand units, one was evergreen broadleaved forest and the other was Pinus thunbergii forest. 26 species were identified as evergreen broadoeaved trees, and among them, Camellia japonica was the dominont of the tree layer of evergreen broadleaved forest. Profile diagram shows that Camellia japonica, with average height of 7∼8m, formed lower tree layer, and laurels like Cinnamomum japonicum, Machilus thunbergii, and Neolitsea sericea formed upper tree layer. In Pinus thunbergii forest, plants of shrub and herb layers were abundant because of much light penetrated into the forest floor, and these layers were largely composed of evergreen broadleaved trees. This fact shows the possibility of succession from Pinus thunbergii forest into evergreen broadleaved forest. Jisimdo is geographically adjacent to Jangseungpo and Okpo, and this increases the economic value of Jisimdo as a place of public resort. It will be necessary from being destroyed by land development and human interferences.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

In order to promote the growth of the trees, it is the most important to fertilize efficiently. The organic nutrient "Green-one" which list public notification number 08-organic-3-112" was registered in Rural Development Administration. The "Green-one" is the environment friendly organic nutrient with new concept which is used in planting and maintenance of the trees. The "Green-one" makes the tree grow actively. Also it has a function of the anti germ and sustainable fertilizer effect. In conclusion, "Green-one" promoted the growth of P. thunbergii excellently. Expecially the growth of the root increased. The concentration of "Green-one" dilution was more better 100 times than 300 times in trees grow. This research can apply with the test of fertilizer efficiency in landscape trees.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.361-372
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• 1999

Thirty-two plots have been set up and surveyed to investigate the plant community structure and distribution density of Pinus thunbergii-P. densiflora forest in Kojedo District, Hallyo-Haesang National Park. By DCA ordination technique P. thunbergii-P. densiflora forest was classified into P. thunbergii community, P. thunbergii-P. densiflora community, and P. densiflora community. The trend of plant community succession was invalid. The results of simple regression analysis between mean DBH(cm), mean distribution distance(m), and number of individual of P. thunbergii and P. densiflora were as follows: Distribution distance(m) = 0.094$\times$DBH(cm)-0.1248, Number of individual=1,820.1$\times$(cm)$DBH^{-1.6734}$ , Distribution distance(m)=6.6805$\times$Number of $individual^{-0.5425}$ .

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1965

It has already been noted that some tree species, denoted as tolerant species, endure to behavior shadiness in growth than those species, denoted as intolerant species, since this fact of tolerance must be involved in silvicultural practice, the present author, with pinus rigida, pinus Thunbergii, and Buxus koreana, investigated the relation of degree of shadiness to soil moisture condition. Because tolerant and intolerant trees must be considered from the standpoint of their ability to use any of the factors that are likely to be at low concentration in the dense or open forest. The observed results may be summarized as follows : 1. The ability of tolerance of the species to shadiness is differently concluded by the base with which the analysis was made, i.c. Height, growth, diameter growth, T-R ratio or dry matter increase and so on. Regarding this point root collar increment or dry matter increase were considered more reasonable bases for discussing the tolerability. 2. When total length growth, including both stem and root, is taken as standard for the comparison of the ability of tolerance for each species, higher soil moisture condition and thicker shadeniss lessened the ability of pinus rigida, seedlings. Pinus Thunbergii, showed. However more moisture resistant than pinus rigida. Buxus koreana, seemed to have stronger ability of tolerance than any others. 3. When total dry matter content taken as standard, the results obtained are given in Fig, 3. In pinus rigida, the soil moisture supplemented the lack of light.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 2012

Fungal endophytes are microfungi that live in plants without causing apparent symptoms of infection. This study was conducted to identify endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of coniferous trees in Bohyeon Mountain of Korea. We collected leaves of two species of coniferous trees, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis, from 11 sites in the study area. A total 58 isolates were obtained and identified using molecular and morphological characteristics. Four species of endophytic fungi were isolated from P. densiflora: Lophodermium conigenum, Leotiomycetes sp., Septoria pini-thunbergii, and Polyporales sp., while two fungal species were isolated from P. koraiensis: Eurotiomycetes sp. and Rhytismataceae sp. The most frequently isolated species were L. conigenum and S. pini-thunbergii.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.52-54
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• 2000

Pitch canker of Pinus rigida, caused by Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini, was first noticed in Inchon, Korea, and is now being spread into other plantations of pines. Typical symptoms re resin flows from canders on the shoots, branches, and trunks, and resin-soaking of the sap wood under the bark. Pathogenic fungi were isolated from the infected shoots, branches, and sees on Fusarium-selective medium. Mycelial growth and microscopic characteristics were examined. Pathogenicity test was carried out by inoculating four common species of pines (P. rigida, P. densiflora, P. thunbergii, and P. koraiensis) in Korea. P. rigida and P. thunbergii showed symptoms identical to those of naturally infected trees, while P. densiflora and P. koraiensis remained free symptomless.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 1999

This study was to analyze the chemical components of the pollens of Pinus densiflora S. et Z. and P. thunbergii Parl. and to investigate the optimal conditions for pollen pulverization. The results were as follow : (1) The contents of moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude filber and carbohydrate in the pollen of P. densiflora were 9.8%, 2.3%, 11.9%, 2.9%, 7.7%, and 65.4%, respectively, while those of P. thunbergii were 10.5%, 2.2%, 13.5%, 3.5%, 8.5% and 61.8%, respectively. All the contents of P. densiflora and P.thunbergii were much higher than those general crop grains. (2) The pollen of Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergii eighteen different amino acids were detected in. Among them, ten esssential amino acids were identified, which showed high nutrition values. (3) The contents of vitamins A, B1, B2, C and E in the pollen of P. densiflora were 7.9mg, 8.7mg, 19.2mg, 31.5mg and 2.0mg, respectively, while those in the pollen of P. thunbergii were 8.5mg, 9.4mg, 15.7mg, 35.3mg, and 1.8mg respectively. Vitamin C among them was abundant. (4) When the pollen grains of P. densiflora were pilverized for 40 minutes at 5,000rpm and P. thunbergii, for 50 minutes at 5,000rpm by overhead stirrer, the 100% of pollen pulverization was possible.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 1968

The growth of Pinus Thunbergii in the four areas was compared with each other, and the results obtained are as follows ; 1. The diameter growth in HAP-CHUN area was found the best, and that of WOOI-SAN, CHE-JU, and SUWON areas was followed in order. 2. The height growth was found the best in WOOI-SAN area, and followed SUWON, HAP-CHUN, and CHE-JU areas in order. 3. The volume growth was found the best in HAP-CHUN area, followed next in order were : WOOL-SAN CHE-JU, and SUWON. 4. Based on the above-mentioned results, it was concluded that the growth of Pinus Thunbergii in inland areas was better than that in islands or coastal areas. This is against the common understanding that Pinus Thunbergii species grow better in coastal areas.