• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 2008

To avoid some protection systems such as firewall, P2P applications have recently used to apply dynamic port numbers. Reliable estimates of P2P traffic require examination of packet payload, a methodological land mine from legal, privacy technical, logistic, and fiscal perspectives. Indeed, access to user payload is often rendered impossible by one of these factors, inhibiting trustworthy estimation of P2P growth and dynamics. Despite various methods such as port-based and signature-based techniques, it still dose not satisfy the method which uses both qualitative and quantitative aspects. In this paper, a method using SVM mechanism which discriminate the P2P traffic from non-P2P traffics using differences between P2P and other application traffics is suggested. This is a systematic methodology to identify P2P networks, and without relying on packet payload.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2251-2261
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate learning smartphone application for improving drug dosage calculation ability of nursing students. We evaluated the contents based on the sufficient teaching materials and developed the process for implementation of the educational system. The participants were 37 nursing students. After implementation during 4 weeks, data was analyzed with the SPSS WIN 18.0. There were significant differences of achievement of learning objectives(${\chi}^2$=10.90, p=.004), application to work(Z=2.86, p=.004), mathematical confidence (Z=3.07, p=.002), according to the frequency of program use, but there was no difference in academic self-efficacy. Based on the results of this study, developed smartphone application will help to strengthen the drug dosage calculation ability of nursing students. And also, the results suggest that more powerful application for improving academic efficacy and increasing participation should be developed.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.21 no.5 s.101
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

향후 인터넷 기반 애플리케이션에는 확장성, 보안 및 신뢰성, 새로운 서비스에 대한 유연성 및 QoS 등의 요구사항이 제시된다. 기존 클라이언트-서버 방식에서 이러한 요구사항의 만족을 위해서는 복잡성 및 고비용 문제가 제기된다. 반면, 모든 형태의 분산 자원 접근이 가능한 P2P 통신 방식에서는 보다 간단한 해결방안을 제시함으로써 인터넷기반 애플리케이션에 새로운 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 본 고에서는 P2P 기술에 대한연구 개발 및 응용 서비스 동향에 대해여 소개한다. 또한 유비쿼터스 환경에서 P2P 기술의 역할 및 해결되어야 할 문제점에 대해서 정리하고, 실제 P2P를 이용한 유비쿼터스홈 구축 모델을 제시한다. 마지막으로 향후 P2P 요소 기술 및 응용서비스 발전 전망에 대해 간략히 살펴본다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: To determine effect of phosphate (P) application on Cadmium (Cd) extractability and its uptake by rice plant in Cd contaminated paddy soil, dipotassium ($K_2HPO_4$) which was the most effective of P materials to decrease Cd extractability in previous study was selected as P fertilizer. METHODS AND RESULTS: Dipotassium phosphate was applied at the rates of 0, 78, 234, and 390 kg $P_2O_5/ha$, and then rice was cultivated in submerged paddy soil from Jun. to Oct. in 2015. Cadmium concentrations in grain, straw, and root of rice plant decreased significantly with increasing application rate of $K_2HPO_4$. The trend of 1 M $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd concentration in soil was similar to that of Cd uptake by rice plant. One M $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd concentration was negatively related to soil pH and negative charge. Alleviation of Cd phytoavailability of rice in paddy soil might be attributed to increase in pH and negative charge of soil. Using a quadratic response model, amount of grain yield were related to $K_2HPO_4$ application rates as Grain yield = $5.38+2.39{\times}10^{-3}K_2HPO_4-6.65{\times}10^{-6}K_2HPO{_4}^2$ (model $R^2=0.968$). Using this equations, the greatest grain yield (5.6 Mg/ha) was at the rate of 180 kg $P_2O_5/ha$. At this application rate of P, the Cd concentration in grain was 0.53 mg/kg, implying ca. 23% lower than the control. CONCLUSION: From the view point of heavy metal safety and crop productivity, it might be good P management to apply P fertilizer with 4 times higher rate than recommendation (45 kg/ha).

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2004

P2P network environments provide users with direct data transmission and sharing facilities and those environments can be classified into hybrid P2P network environments and pure P2P network environments according to the arbitration mechanism among the peers in the network. In hybrid P2P network environments, there exists a server that maintains index information for the data to be shared and network isolation does not occur because every peer always keeps connection to the server. In pure P2P network environments, however, each peer directly connects to another peer and gets services without server intervention, and so, network isolation can occur when the mediating peer fails to work. In this paper. we propose a scheme for each peer to keep connection to other peers continuously by maintaining IP addresses of its neighbor peers and connecting to the peers when the mediating peer fails to work. Although the P2P application that uses our proposed framework should obtain one or more IP addresses of the neighbor peers manually, after instantiation, the application can do its job while maintaining connection to the network continuously and automatically. To evaluate our proposed scheme, we measured and analyzed the time for a peer to reconnect to the network when the mediating peer fails and the network isolation occurs.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.299-311
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analysis effect of TENS with immunohistochemistry methode through changes of substance P in spinal using arthritis model after inducing inflammation. The changes of substance P induced at that time are compared with control which is not induced arthritis by means of counting. The effect of TENS (4Hz, $200{\mu}$, 20minutes) is also tested by observing changes of substance P in spinal dorsal horn after application on knee joint of rats which is arthritis model induced by kaolin and carrageenan. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Substance P immunoreactive positive neurons are increased in dorsal horn after inducting arthritis. 2. In arthritis group, Substance P immunoreactive positive neurons are progressively increased from the first to the third days. 3. Substance P immunoreactive positive neurons after applicating TENS on arthritis group are more decreased than only arthritis-induced group. 4. Substance P immunoreactive positive neurons were significantly decreased on the second days resulting from TENS application from the first to the third days. Therefore, TENS application is decrease Substance P immunoreactive positive neurons in spinal dorsal horn of rats induced arthritis. This decrease is considered as analgesic effect of TENS.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.297-301
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• 1990

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of diatomearth(pH 3 and CEC 20me/100g) on the adjustment of nursery soil pH and on the growth of rice seedling in the tray. The results are as follows ; 1. The soil pH and damping-off of rice seedling were decreased with increase in diatomearth application. 2. Ten to fifteen percent of diatomearth was required to adjuse the optimum soil pH range of 4.5-5.5. 3. Changes in nursery soil pH adjusted by diatomearth were less than those by sulfuric acid during the incubation period. 4. Diatomearth application increased dry weight and height of rice seedling.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Clay mineral is well known to improve physico-chemical of soil. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics and inorganic nutrient contents of crops with application levels of phyllite.METHODS AND RESULTS: Both young radish and lettuce were selected as target crops for this study. The experiment was conducted in a wagner pot(1/5000a) in glass house at Sunchon National University. Treatment conditions were divided P0NPK(No phyllite + NPK), P5NPK(phyllite 5 Mg/ha + NPK), P10NPK(phyllite 10 Mg/ha + NPK) and P15NPK(phyllite 15 Mg/ha + NPK) by crops, respectively. Bulk density and porosity of soil in control without treatment conditions were ranged from 1.02 ∼1.04 g/cm³ and 56.5∼57.0%, respectively, and those for treatments with phyllite were in the ranged from 0.94∼1.00 g/cm³ and 58.4∼63.5%, respectively. Dry weights of young radish and lettuce were higher in P15NPK treatment than those in other treatments. The amounts of T-N, T-P and K uptake in young radish with phyllite application treatments were increased 36∼115, 18∼67 and 20∼76% than without phyllite application treatment, respectively. In lettuce treatments, amounts of T-N, T-P and K uptake were intended to all tested treatments similar with result of young radish treatment.CONCLUSION: Therefore, these results confirm that phyllite application to the soil improves physico-chemical of soil in addition to improving growth of young radish and lettuce.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 2014

The soluble loess-sulfur mixture allowed standing to remove insoluble component materials for five weeks after manufacturing. We decreased the pH level of soluble loess-sulfur mixture at pH 1.0 modified with decreasing 25% sodium hydroxide than original content. The pH ranges of soluble loess-sulfur mixture solutions were adjusted to pH 5.0-pH 11.0 (pH 1 unit) with brown rice vinegar (pH 2.8). The pH of original loess-sulfur mixture was about pH 13 and damaged the foliar parts and young leaves of tomato after twice application. These stock solutions can be diluted 500:1 with tap water to make a 0.05% working solution and were sprayed two times with 7 days interval to the leaf and stem of tomato, which were spontaneously infected with E. cichoracearum. Control efficacy of powdery mildew ranged from 85% to 90% at 7 days after first application. After second application, each loess-sulfur mixture solutions adjusted pH level significantly suppressed the powdery mildew disease in tomato. Consequently, loess-sulfur complex adjusted pH level with brown rice vinegar was suggested to be low in acute toxicity at all different pH values and suggested to use an agent for control of tomato powdery mildew in organic farming.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2006

It can be said that P2P means the pattern that every linker could be both a supplier and a customer by means of the direct connection and survey with personal computers out of the concept of server and client. P2P business has been a great impact all over the world. for it came to be possible as the express internet log-on service is getting widely used and the user environment is getting better with the supply of high-tech computer. Recently the various system of P2P has been developed not as the only service of file share between the personal users but as the application of the electronic trade between the companies. This study is to suggest the most effective system that has the function of complement of P2P.