• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.671-676
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effect of extract from Monascus pillosus, on the human wild-type p53 and p21 expressing A549 lung epithelial cell line and MCF-7 mammary adenocarcinoma cell line stimulated by NO. $P21^{waf/cip1}$ was identified as a gene induced in senescent cells. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. While p53-regulated stimulation of p21 appears to be central for the permanent growth-arrest, the role of p21 in p53-triggered cell death is unclear. Low dose of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced the development of senescence associated with increased expression of p53 and p21 in A549 cells. Inhibition of p21 transactivating activity requires high level correlates with the amount of p53 necessary to cause cell death. Association of p21 and p53 results in inhibition of p21-stimulated transcription. This requires a higher p53 level than is necessary for transcriptional activation of endogenous p53-responsive gene but correlates well with the level of p53 necessary to cause cell death. Exposure to W-1 inhibited oxidative stresses-induced senescence-like arrest, resulting in a significant reduction in p53 and p21 steady state levels. These results suggest that p53 and p21 play a central role in the onset of senescence. Thus, it is important to emphasize control of oxidative balance in tumor prevention and aging.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2003

In this study, Kami-honghwa-tang (KH-19) was designed and animal study was conducted to evaluate its efficacy on the reduction of the side effect of radiotherapy. Bone marrow toxicity is one of the major side effect of radiotherapy which cause the reduction of blood cells, and KH-19 was designed to protect and enforce blood. C57BL/6 mice were irradiated with 4 Gy of gamma ray, and divided into control group which was treated with water and KH-19 group which was treated with 1.5g/Kg of KH-19 up to 4 weeks. KH-19 group showed significantly increased white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelet count compared with control group (p<0.05). When bone marrows were examined, KH-19 group showed higher cell densities than control group (p=0.06). KH-19 may increase blood cell count after radiation by its protective effects on bone marrow.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.261-266
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• 2011

As recent reports suggest that nanoparticles may penetrate into cell membrane and effect DNA condition, it is necessary to assay possible cytotoxic and genotoxic risk. Three different sizes of magnetic nanoparticle silica (MNP@$SiO_2$) (50, 100 and 200 nm diameter) were tested for cytotoxicity and DNA damage using L5178Y cell. MNP@$SiO_2$ had constant physicochemical characteristics confirmed by transmission electron microscope, electron spin resonance spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer for 48 h. Treatment of MNP@$SiO_2$ induced dose and time dependent cytotoxicity. At 6 h, 50, 100 or 200 nm MNP@$SiO_2$ decreased significantly cell viability over the concentration of 125 ${\mu}g/ml$ compared to vehicle control (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Moreover, at 24 h, 50 or 100 nm MNP@$SiO_2$ decreased significantly cell viability over the concentration of 125 ${\mu}g/ml$(p<0.01). And treatment of 200 nm MNP@$SiO_2$ decreased significantly cell viability at the concentration of 62.5 ${\mu}g/ml$ (p<0.05) and of 125, 250, 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ (p<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, at 48 h, 50, 100 or 200 nm MNP@$SiO_2$ decreased significantly cell viability at the concentration of 62.5 ${\mu}g/ml$ (p<0.05) and of 125, 250, 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ (p<0.01, respectively). Cellular location detected by confocal microscope represented they were existed in cytoplasm, mainly around cell membrane at 2 h after treatment of MNP@$SiO_2$. Treatment of 50 nm MNP@$SiO_2$ significantly increased DNA damage at middle and high dose (p<0.01), and treatment of 100 nm or 200 nm significantly increased DNA damage in all dose compared to control (p<0.01). Taken together, treatment of MNP@$SiO_2$ induced cytotoxicity and enhanced DNA damage in L5178Y cell.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.399-403
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• 2009

$p19^{ras}$ is an alternative splicing variant of the proto-oncogene c-H-ras pre-mRNA of $p21^{ras}$. In contrast to $p21^{ras}$, $p19^{ras}$ does not have a C-terminal CAAX motif that targets the plasma membrane and is localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus. We found that $p19^{ras}$ activated the transcriptional activity of $p73{\beta}$ through protein-protein interactions in the nucleus. p73 is known to play an important role in cellular damage responses such as apoptosis. Although p73 is a structural and functional homologue of p53, p73-mediated apoptosis has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that the interaction between $p19^{ras}$ and $p73{\beta}$ accelerated $p73{\beta}$-induced apoptosis through a caspase-3 dependent pathway. Treatment with DEVD-CHO, a caspase inhibitor, also strengthened $p73{\beta}$-mediated apoptosis through a caspase-3 dependent pathway. Furthermore, the enhanced transcriptional activity of endogenous $p73{\beta}$ by treatment with Taxol was amplified by $p19^{ras}$ overexpression, which markedly increased caspase-3 dependent apoptosis in the p53-null SAOS2 cancer cell line. Our findings indicate a functional linkage between $p19^{ras}$ and p73 in caspase-3 mediated apoptosis of cancer cells.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.135-149
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Millettia Reticulatas on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells and the expression of gene related the mechanism of cell apoptosis. Methods : We counted the number of death cells treated with indicated concentration of Millettia Reticulatas and investigated cell death rate by MTS assay. Furthermore, flow cytometry analyis and DNA fragmentation assay were used to dissect between necrosis and apoptosis. and then we observed the differential gene expression by western blot analysis. Results : 1) The inhibitory effect on the growth of uterine leiomyoma cell treated with Millettia Reticulatas was increased in a concentration proportional. 2) The result of flow cytometry analysis. subG1 phase arrest related3 cell apoptosis was investigated 23.49% in uterine leiomyoma cell treated Millettia Reticulatas and showed the fession of proportional concentration. 3) The gene expression of p27, p53, p21, p16 related cell cycle was increased according to increasing concentration but cyclin E was none exchanged. 4) The character of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation was significantly observed the fession of proportional concentration. 5) The expression of pro-caspase3 and PARP were decreased dependent on treatment concentration. Conclusion : This study showed that Millettia Reticulatas have the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cell and the effect was related with apoptosis. The apoptotic mechanism was observed that the gene expression of p27, p53, p21, p16 related cell cycle was increased according to increasing treatment concentration, induced G1 phase arrest and finally cell death was occurred. The decreased expression of pro-caspase 3 and PARP were noted that apoptosis was related with caspase pathway.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1122-1126
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• 2009

The exogenously added cadaverine is effective in protecting Vibrio vulnificus from methyl viologen (MV)-induced superoxide stress at pH 8.5. Such a protective effect by cadaverine was not observed at pH 7.5. Consistently, the accumulated level of intracellular cadaverine at pH 8.5 is approximately four times as much as that of the control cell at pH 7.5. Cadaverine accumulation is not affected by MV. The protection of V. vulnificus by cadaverine from superoxide stress was abolished when cadB coding for the lysine-cadaverine antiporter was interrupted. However, the cadaverine-mediated protection was complemented with cadB DNA. Therefore, CadB of V. vulnificus not only acts as a lysine-cadaverine antiporter at acid pH to neutralize the external medium, but also mediates cadaverine uptake at alkaline pH to result in cell protection from superoxide stress.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.457-463
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• 1998

An expression vector, pUC19N6-luc, containing nuclear matrix attachment region(MAR) isolated from Misgurnus mizolepis liver and control expressino vector, pUC19-luc, were constructed. After these vectors were transferred into CHSE-214 cell line by electroporation, the expression rate of luckferase gens, copy number of vectors and chromosome integration of vectors were analyzed by using assay of luciferase activity, PCR and Southern blotting. While the expression pattern of luciferase gene of pUC19-luc was shown in typicla transient ecpression pattern, that of pUC19N6-luc was highly increased at the 5 days after transfectrion. Although the cope number of pUC19N6-luc vector was higher than that of pUC19-luc vector, these vectors were integrated into chromosome at the same time point in the transfected CHSE-214 cells. In conclusion, the increase of luciferase gene expression of pUC19N6-luc was resulted from not the maintaining of the high copy number but the formation of transcription-favorable structure by MAR effect after chromosomal integration.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 2003

Automatic addition of glucose, ammonium and phosphate to alcohol distillery wastewater and their control at low concentrations have been carried increase the cell concentration of a baker's yeast cultivated in the wastewater. Glucose was automatically added using dissolved oxygen as the control parameter, and maintained below 300 mg/L. Ammonium was automatically added by a pH-stat method and maintained in the low range of 12.6~17.4 mM. An automated FIA system, which used an ascorbic acid-based method was developed for the automatic analysis nad addition of phosphate. With this system, the phosphate concentration was succesfully analysed and controlled afrer 19.4 hr in the range 23.3~43.4 mg/L. The cell concentration was increased by 33.0-fold by the addition of these three nutrients. The overall specific growth rate of the yeast was 0.19 $hr^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.314-321
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• 2006

There have been great demands for higher density SRAM in all area of SRAM applications, such as mobile, network, cache, and embedded applications. Therefore, aggressive shrinkage of 6 T Full CMOS SRAM had been continued as the technology advances. However, conventional 6 T Full CMOS SRAM has a basic limitation in the cell size because it needs 6 transistors on a silicon substrate compared to 1 transistor in a DRAM cell. The typical cell area of 6 T Full CMOS SRAM is $70{\sim}90\;F^2$, which is too large compared to $8{\sim}9\;F^2$ of DRAM cell. With 80 nm design rule using 193 nm ArF lithography, the maximum density is 72 Mbits at the most. Therefore, pseudo SRAM or 1 T SRAM, whose memory cell is the same as DRAM cell, is being adopted for the solution of the high density SRAM applications more than 64 M bits. However, the refresh time limits not only the maximum operation temperature but also nearly all critical electrical characteristics of the products such as stand_by current and random access time. In order to overcome both the size penalty of the conventional 6 T Full CMOS SRAM cell and the poor characteristics of the TFT load cell, we have developed S3 cell. The Load pMOS and the Pass nMOS on ILD have nearly single crystal silicon channel according to the TEM and electron diffraction pattern analysis. In this study, we present $S^3$ SRAM cell technology with 100 nm design rule in further detail, including the process integration and the basic characteristics of stacked single crystal silicon TFT.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10171-10174
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) in patients undergoing surgical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight consecutive patients (58 with adenocarcinomas, 20 with squamous cell carcinomas) treated with potentially curative surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The SUVmax was significantly higher in the patients with recurrent than with non-recurrent adenocarcinoma (p<0.01). However, among the patients with squamous cell carcinoma, there were no differences with or without recurrence (p=0.69). Multivariate analysis indicated that the SUVmax of adenocarcinoma lesions was a significant predictor of disease-free survival (p=0.04). In addition, an SUVmax of 6.19, the cut-off point based on ROC curve analysis of the patients with pathological IB or more advanced stage adenocarcinomas, was found to be a significant predictor of disease-free survival (p<0.01). Conclusions: SUVmax is a useful predictor of disease-free survival in patients with resected adenocarcinoma, but not squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with adenocarcinoma exhibiting an SUVmax above 6.19 are candidates for more intensive adjuvant therapy.