• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.2
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• pp.19-34
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to analysis level on family caregiver's burden for the elderly with chronic disease in a rural area and to choose priority care group, thereby facilitating the development of interventions to reduce the caregiver's burden. For this purpose, data were collected by questionaire from June 10 to October 8, 1994. The instruments for data collection were Caregiver Burden Inventory by Novak(1989) and Zarit et al(1982), severity of dementia by Hughes Scales(1982), ADL by Lawton(1971), patients' family caregiving activity by pre-survey and reference review(Lee, 1993 ; Jang, 1990 ; Yoo, 1982). The subjects were 213 family caregiver of elderly with chronic disease in a rural area. The data was analysed by the use of t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression. The results were as follows ; 1. Total burden was evaluated below average, the mean of family burden was 46.98. By the diagnostic classification, Hypertension was 27.37, DM 32.46, CVA 62.96, Dementia 61.24. 2. Significant variables which were correlated to the family caregiver's burden were the patient's disease diagnosis (F=33.82, p<0.001), severity of dementia(F=30.52, p<0.001), the status of disease management(F=11.53, p<0.001), ADL(F=10.54, p<0.001), PADL(F=7.50, p<0.001), income(F=7.17, p<0.001), caregiver's health status(F=24.53, p<0.001), a view of patient's prognosis (F=22.17, p<0.001), relationship with the patient(F=33.82, p<0.001), the number of hours per day spent on caregiving(F=77.52, p<0.001), level of intimacy of caregiver and patients(F=8.75, p<0.001), level of helping(F=4.90, p<0.01), the frequency of caregiving activity(F=3.80, p<0.01), the number of admission(F=5.54, p<0.01), the length of caregiving(F=4.43, p<0.01), other chronic patient in family(t=2.81, p<0.01), caregiver's job(F=3.11, p<0.01), the duration of illness(F=2.98, p<0.05), caregiver's religion(F=2.93, p<0.05), medical security(F=3.89, p<0.05), caregiving's helper(t=2.42, p<0.05). 3. PADL was the most important predictor to family caregiver burden(R2=0.6611). In addition to this, IADL, caregiver's health status, the length of caregiving. level of intimacy of caregiver and patients, patient's age, the patient's disease diagnosis and patient's job accounted for 76% of family caregiver burden. 4. The criteria of priority care group were as follows ; the mean of family caregiver burden was above 58, above of moderate ADL, the number of hours per day spent on caregiving above of 8 hours, above of moderate dementia. By the diagnostic classification, number of priority care group, Hypertension was 4 (8.0%), DM 4(8.0%), CVA 34(64.1%), Dementia 45(75.0%).

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.733-740
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• 2021

Let (F_n)_n≥0 be the Fibonacci sequence and p be a prime number. For 1≤k≤m, the Fibonomial coefficient is defined as $$\[\array{m\\k}\]_F=\frac{F_{m-k+1}{\ldots}{F_{m-1}F_m}}{{F_1}{\ldots}{F_k}}$$ and $\[\array{m\\k}\]_F=0$ whan k>m. Let a and n be positive integers. In this paper, we find the conditions of prime number p which divides Fibonomial coefficient $\[\array{P^{a+n}\\{p^a}}\]_F$. Furthermore, we also find the conditions of p when $\[\array{P^{a+n}\\{p^a}}\]_F$ is not divisible by p.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.837-850
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• 2009

Previous epidemiological studies reported that significant muscle loss is observed with advancing aging, called sarcopenia. This study is to investigate the effects of treatment dumbbell exercise on prevention of sarcopenia. The subjects were elderly between 60~70 years old who participated in J-Welfare senior center exercise program at J-gu in S-city and divided into control group(N=19) and exercise group(N=8). Treatment dumbbell exercise was performed 2 times per week for 12 weeks and body composition, fitness, and blood lipid profiles were measured before and after this program. There was no significance in body fat before and after 12 weeks of treatment dumbbell exercise, but there was significance in weight(F=4.312, p=0.048), BMI(F=4.532, p=0.043), and FFM(F=4.743, p=0.039). There was no significance in fitness such as arm curl(F=1.103, p=0.304), and back scratch(F=0.214, p=0.648), but there was significance in 2-minute step(F=33.638, p<0.001), chair stand(F=14.575, p=0.001), chair sit and reach(F=7.198, p=0.013), and 8-ft up and go(F=14.890, p=0.001). The variables of blood lipid profiles such as TC(F=0.030, p=0.864), TG(F=0.142, p=0.710), HDL(F=2.066, p=0.163), glucose (F=0.125, p=0.727), and HbA1c(F=0.945, p=0.340) has no significance. It was found that treatment dumbbell exercise has positive effects on body composition and fitness but has no positive effects on blood lipid profiles of the elderly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.393-408
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• 2019

Purpose: This descriptive study was to examine death anxiety and quality of life for the elderly living alone. Methods: The participants were 289 elderly who were living alone in D metropolitan city. Data were analyzed with number, percentage, mean(SD), Pearson's correlation, t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis using SPSS/Win 25.0. Results: The participants' death anxiety was 66.85 and quality of life was 58.21. Death anxiety was significantly different by age(F=153.240, p<.001), gender(t=-4.615, p<.001), education(F=263.559, p<.001), current occupation(F=46.324, p<.001), religion(F=693.729, p<.001), relationship with children(F=178.506, p<.001), reasons living alone(F=21.143, p<.001), perceived health status(F=113.300, p<.001), perceived socioeconomic status(F=45.829, p<.001), barriers to managing health problems(F=49.706, p<.001). There was a significant negative correlation between participants' death anxiety and quality of life(r=-.87, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of the study will be used to develop nursing intervention protocol and social support programs for the elderly living alone in the community.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.22 no.1_2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2006

The transform domain characterization of cyclic codes over finite fields using Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT) over an appropriate extension field is well known. In this paper, we extend this transform domain characterization for cyclic codes over $F_p + uF_p +... + u^{k-l}F_p$. We give a way to characterize cyclic codes over $F_p + uF_p +... + u^{k-l}F_p$ by Mattson-Solomon polynomials and multiple defining sets.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.22-32
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study were to identify the relationship of depression and pain in patients with breast cancer. Method : The data was collected from 117 breast cancer patients who were admitted at K University hospital in Busan, from January 4, to January 31, 2003 using questionnaire method. Their depression was measured using depression scale developed by Zung(1965) and translated by Song(1977) and pain was measured using the Revised Melzack Pain Scale developed by Melzack(1975). The data were analysed by the SPSS WIN 11.0 PC program using frequency and percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Result : The results of this study were as follows: The mean and standard deviation of the total depression score were 48±7.89 in 20(lowest)-to-80(highest) scoring system. The analysis of the depression according to general characteristics of the breast cancer patients showed correlation at Age(F=5.81, p=.000), Education level (F=7.48, p=.000), Insurance for cancer(t=6.94, p=.010), Period after Dx(F=6.85, p=.001), Duration of pain experience(F=9.74, p=.000), Surgical method(F=3.87, p=.005), Stage(F=10.31, p=.000), and Lesion site(F=20.63, p=.000). The mean and standard deviation of the total pain score were .48± .40 in 0(lowest)-to-4(highest) scoring system. The analysis of the pain according to general characteristics of the breast cancer patients showed differentiation at Education level(F=3.75, p=.007), Income per mouth(F=3.77, p=.010), Period after Dx(F=3.77, p=.002), Duration of pain experience(F=5.48, p=.000), Stage(F=10.39, p=.000), and Lesion site(F=8.10, p=.000). There was a significant positive correlation between depression and pain(r=.37, p=.000) and between depression and discomfort(r=.37, p=.000). Conclusion : Patients with breast cancer experiencing depression and pain. Increase in depression was associated with increase in pain and discomfort. Nurses must provide patients with nursing care about the occurrence of depression and interventions to deal with pain control and prevent discomfort.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to explore the cognitive function of Korean-Chinese stroke patient in China. Method: The study sample was 100 who were possible to communicate and agreed. The data were collected from one Brain's hospital at Yanji in China and by trained nurse from December 12, 2005 to April 28, 2006. The measurement tools were Digit span, Trail making, and MMSE-K. The data were analysed by SPSS Win 11.5 using frequency, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: The mean score of DSF was 5.07, 3.42 of DSB, 161.37 of TMA, 229.28 of TMB, 22.64 of MMSE-K. There was a significant difference in DSF (F=6.35, p=.001), DSB (F=6.10, p=.001), TMA (F=3.53, p=.018), TMB (F=3.26, p=.025), MMSE-K score (F=12.97, p=.000) according to age, and DSF (F=6.67, p=.000), DSB (F=6.01, p=.000), TMA (F=5.82, p=.001), TMB (F=6.23, p=.001), and MMSE-K score (F=13.02, p=.000) according to educational level, and DSF (F=5.35, p=.006), DSB (F=3.16, p=.047), TMA (F=3.30, p=.041), TMB (F=3.42, p=.037), and MMSE-K score (F=4.95, p=.009) according to duration of disease, and DSB (F=3.54, p=.018), and MMSE-K (F=6.05, p=.001) according to frequencies of hospitalization. There was high correlation between DSF and DSB (r=.581, p=.000), TMA and TMB (r=.936, p=.000), MMSE-K and DSF (r=.579, p=.000), MMSE-K and DSB (r=.591, p=.000), DSF and TMA (r=.727, p=.000), and DSF and TMB (r=.721, p=.000). Conclusion: The cognitive evaluation score of Korean-Chinese stroke patients in China was in normal limit. The age, educational level, duration of disease and income were significant demographic characteristic affecting cognitive function. Further study need to compare the cognitive function of Korean-Chinese stoke patients in China and stoke patients in Korea.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.119-135
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• 1994

Let $Q_{n+p-1}(\alpha)$ denote the- dass of functions $$f(z)=z^{P}-\sum_{n=0}^\infty{a_{(p+k)}z^{p+k}$$ ($a_{p+k}{\geq}0$, $p{\in}N=\left{1,2,{\cdots}\right}$) which are analytic and p-valent in the unit disc $U=\left{z:{\mid}z:{\mid}<1\right}$ and satisfying $Re\left{\frac{D^{n+p-1}f(\approx))^{\prime}}{pz^{p-a}\right}>{\alpha},0{\leq}{\alpha}<1,n>-p,z{\in}U.$ In this paper we obtain sharp results concerning coefficient estimates, distortion theorem, closure theorems and radii of p-valent close-to- convexity, starlikeness and convexity for the class $Q_{n+p-1}$ ($\alpha$). We also obtain class preserving integral operators of the form $F(z)=\frac{c+p}{z^{c}}\int_{o}^{z}t^{c-1}f(t)dt.$ c>-p $F\left(z\right)=\frac{c+p}{z^{c}}\int_{0}^{z} t^{c-1}f\left(t \right)dt. \qquad c>-p$ for the class $Q_{n+p-1}$ ($\alpha$). Conversely when $F(z){\in}Q_{n+p-1}(\alpha)$, radius of p-valence of f(z) has been determined.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.795-814
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• 2021

In this paper, we study the transcendental meromorphic solutions for the nonlinear differential equations: fⁿ + P(f) = R(z)e^α(z) and fⁿ + P_*(f) = p₁(z)e^α₁(z) + p₂(z)e^α₂(z) in the complex plane, where P(f) and P_*(f) are differential polynomials in f of degree n - 1 with coefficients being small functions and rational functions respectively, R is a non-vanishing small function of f, α is a nonconstant entire function, p₁, p₂ are non-vanishing rational functions, and α₁, α₂ are nonconstant polynomials. Particularly, we consider the solutions of the second equation when p₁, p₂ are nonzero constants, and deg α₁ = deg α₂ = 1. Our results are improvements and complements of Liao ([9]), and Rong-Xu ([11]), etc., which partially answer a question proposed by Li ([7]).

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.327-336
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• 2024

This study was investigated to examine the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of ginger Jocheong added with Gujeung-gupo ginger powder and the results were as follows. As the amount of Gujeung-gupo ginger powder added into ginger Jocheong increased, the moisture and carbohydrate contents of ginger Jocheong significantly decreased(F=133.33, p<.001) and increased(F=36.15, p<.001), respectively. The content of mineral composition such as K, Ca and Zn showed higher values as the amount of added Gujeung-gupo ginger powder increased. As the amount of Gujeung-gupo ginger powder added into ginger Jocheong increased, sweetness(F=200.00, p<.001), viscosity(F=441.23, p<.001), L value(F=1,458, p<.001), a value(F=44.56, p<.001) and b value(F=203, p<.001) decreased significantly, and pH significantly increased(F=59.18, p<.001). As the amount of Gujeung-gupo ginger powder added into ginger Jocheong increased, total polyphenol content(F=86.015, p<.001), total flavonoid content(F=885.012, p<.001), and DPPH radical scavenging activity(F=75.136, p<.001), ABTS radical scavenging ability(F=145.751, p<.001), and FRAP activity(F=172.242, p<.001) increased. From the above results, the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of ginger Jocheong added with Gujeung-gupo ginger powder confirmed the potential development of ginger Jocheong with high antioxidant activity.