• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.941-947
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• 2009

Let q be a power of 16. Every polynomial $P\in\mathbb{F}_q$[t] is a strict sum $P=A^2+A+B^3+C^3+D^3+E^3$. The values of A,B,C,D,E are effectively obtained from the coefficients of P. The proof uses the new result that every polynomial $Q\in\mathbb{F}_q$[t], satisfying the necessary condition that the constant term Q(0) has zero trace, has a strict and effective representation as: $Q=F^2+F+tG^2$. This improves for such q's and such Q's a result of Gallardo, Rahavandrainy, and Vaserstein that requires three polynomials F,G,H for the strict representation $Q=F^2$+F+GH. Observe that the latter representation may be considered as an analogue in characteristic 2 of the strict representation of a polynomial Q by three squares in odd characteristic.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.205-215
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• 1998

정규분포에 관한 검정에 있어서 P-P 플롯과 Q-Q 플롯의 가시적인 변동을 이용한 통계량을 제시하고 이 통계량들과 Shapiro-Wilk의 W 통계량과의 비교를 정확도(accuracy)의 측면을 고려하여 실시하였다. 또한, 의학이나 임상에서 척도의 우수성을 검정하기 위해 많이 사용하는 Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) 분석 기법을 이용하여 제시된 통계량들에 관한 Power와 Accuracy는 물론 Best Cut-Off 측면에서의 효율성을 검정하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.101-129
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• 2018

From an analytical perspective, we introduce a sequence of Cartier operators that act on the field of formal Laurent series in one variable with coefficients in a field of positive characteristic p. In this work, we discover the binomial inversion formula between Hasse derivatives and Cartier operators, implying that Cartier operators can play a prominent role in various objects of study in function field arithmetic, as a suitable substitute for higher derivatives. For an applicable object, the Wronskian criteria associated with Cartier operators are introduced. These results stem from a careful study of two types of Cartier operators on the power series ring ${\mathbf{F}}_q$[[T]] in one variable T over a finite field ${\mathbf{F}}_q$ of q elements. Accordingly, we show that two sequences of Cartier operators are an orthonormal basis of the space of continuous ${\mathbf{F}}_q$-linear functions on ${\mathbf{F}}_q$[[T]]. According to the digit principle, every continuous function on ${\mathbf{F}}_q$[[T]] is uniquely written in terms of a q-adic extension of Cartier operators, with a closed-form of expansion coefficients for each of the two cases. Moreover, the p-adic analogues of Cartier operators are discussed as orthonormal bases for the space of continuous functions on ${\mathbf{Z}}_p$.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.169-212
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• 2016

Entire functions have been investigated so popularly to have been divided into a large number of specialized subjects. Even the limited subject of entire functions is too vast to be dealt with in a single volume with any approach to completeness. Here, in this paper, we choose to investigate certain interesting results associated with the comparative growth properties of iterated entire functions using (p, q)-th order and (p, q)-th lower order, in a rather comprehensive and systematic manner.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.269-288
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• 2023

In this paper we study the effect of integer translation on Nevanlinna's characteristic function of a meromorphic function. Also, we investigate comparative growth of integer translated entire and meromorphic functions under different conditions.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.383-395
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• 2008

The grouting is one of the improved techniques which is aim to decrease the permeability and to strengthen the soft ground. But The grouting method has many problems about a suitability of grouting procedure and an effectiveness of grouting after grouting work because of a technical characteristic operated inside the soil. The grouting $p{\sim}q{\sim}t$ chart of a typical index about grouting rate and time alteration of grouting pressure is one method to estimate the suitability of grouting factor with monitoring during grouting procedure. This study is automatic grouting system (AGS) which can control the testing and grouting procedures. It can make the detailed $p{\sim}q{\sim}t$ chart and analyze the grouting characters of the ground by comparing the detailed pattern of $p{\sim}q{\sim}t$ chart with standard pattern. If using the $p{\sim}q{\sim}t$ chart derived from AGS in the grouting work, it is an objective standard estimating the suitability of grouting factor with grouting materials, grouting method, grouting rate and grouting pressure, as results it expects successfully to improve reliability of the grouting work.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.220-227
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• 2004

Phosphorus desorption study is essential to understanding P behavior in agricultural and environmental soils because phosphorus is considered as two different aspects, a plant nutrient versus an environmental contaminant. This study was conducted to determine soil P buffering power related to P desorption quantity intensity (Q/I) parameters, $Q_{max}$(an index of P release capacity) and $l_0$(an index of the intensity factor), and to investigate the characteristics of relationship between the P desorption Q/I parameters and the soil properties. Soil samples were prepared with treatments of 0 and $100mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$ applied as $KH_2PO_4$ solution. The P desorption Q/I curves were obtained by a procedure using anion exchange resin beads and described by an empirical equation ($Q=aI^{-1}+bln(I+1)+c$). The P desorption Q/I curves for the high available P (${\g}20mg\;kg^{-1}$ of Olsen P) soils were characteristic concave trends with or without soil P enrichment, whereas for the low available P (${\lt}20mg\;kg^{-1}$ of Olsen P) soils, the anticipated Q/I concave curves could not be obtained without a proper amount of P addition. When the soils were enriched in phosphates, the values of desorbed solid phase labile P and solution P, such as $Q_{max}$ and $I_0$ respectively, were increased, but the ratio of $Q_{max}$ versus $I_0$ was decreased. Thus, the slope of desorption Q/I curve represented as phosphorus buffering power, $|BP_0|$, is decreased. The $|BP_0|$ values of the high available P soils ranged between 48 and $61L\;kg^{-1}$ in the P untreated samples and between 18 and $44L\;kg^{-1}$ in the P enriched samples. Overall $|BP_0|$ values of both low and high available P soils treated with $l00mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$ ranged between 14 and $79L\;kg^{-1}$. The $Q_{max}$, values ranged between 71.4 and $173.1mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$, and the lo values ranged between 0.98 and $3.82mg\;P\;L^{-1}$ in the P enriched soils. The $Q_{max}$ and $I_0$ values that control the P buffering power may be not specifically related to a specific soil property, but those values were complicatedly related to soil pH, clay content, soil organic matter content, and lime. Also, phosphorus release activity, however, markedly depended on the desorbability of the applied P as well as the native labile P.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07d
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• pp.1783-1785
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• 1999

In this paper, we apply V-Q Lissajoucs' figure for observation of a V-Q (Voltage-Charge) hysteresis loop at interface between phosphor and insulation layer in P-ELDz which are a simple structure and the back lighting of LCDs (Liquid Crystal Display). In V-Q Lissajous' figure, we measured a change of hysteresis loop according to the thickness of Insulation and phosphor layer. From experiment result, we will be obtained a optimum thickness of insulation with comparing the correlation of a V-L (Voltage-Luminance) and V-Q hysteresis loop.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2013

This study examined the static characteristics of a spool valve with a hybrid lap between the spool land and the sleeve. The static equation for the pressure characteristics was derived from flow equations that depend on the spool displacement, and the final model was derived from $q_a=q_b=0$ because the pressure characteristics test needs to block the control port in the valve. The static equation for the flow characteristics was derived from the pressure characteristics when the control port is open ($q_a=q_b$, $p_a=p_b$). The characteristic equation in the shifted region was assumed from the proportional relationship between the pressure-flow characteristics and the spool displacement.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.310-323
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to understand the vegetation structure and ecological characteristic of Bulgapsan(Mt.) Provincial Park by setting up and surveying 64 plots(100m²). The analysis using the TWINSPAN and DCA techniques found seven community groups: Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis community, P. densiflora-P. rigida-Q. serrata community, Q. variabilis-Carpinus tschonoskii community, Q. aliena-Q. variabilis-Cornus controversa community, Q. aliena-Platycarya strobilacea community, Broad-leaved miced community and Q. variabilis community. The result of vegetation community structure analysis showed that P. densiflora community and deciduous Quercus spp. community were in competition, and succession to Quercus spp. community was expected. In the case of other broad-leaved forests, the current status is expected to be maintained. But continuous monitoring is required in areas where Neolitsea sericea and Cephalotaxus appear, which grow naturally in warm temperate forest and southern temperate vegetation zone. Species diversity by communities are confirmed to be highest at 2.6654 in the actively competitive P. densiflora-P. rigida-Q. serrata community, and the lowest in the Deciduous broad-leaved forests community at 1.2548. The results of the tree rings and annual growth analysis showed that dominant trees had an average age of more than 37~87 years. Among them, N. sericea designated as a natural monument was 48~56 years old.