• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1992

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizer. Sarang of fermented poultry manure. Miwon glutamic acid fertilizer and poultry manure, on the growth and yield of radish cultivated in spring and autumn. 1) The growth of leaf length, leaf weight, root length, root diameter and root weight of radish in two culture types was stimulated in order of NPK, fermented poultry manure + 1/5NK, fermented poultry manure, poultry manure and control treatment, and chlorophyll and nitrogen content of leaf were increased in order of the above mentioned fertilizers.2) Yield decreased in fermented poultry manure plot of 450kg application comparison with NPK plot but the one of 1800kg fermented poultry manure was increased. The yield of 450kg Sarang plot was sufficient as compared with Korean average yield of spring and autumn culture.3) The difference of growth of radish between treatments of fermented poultry manure and NPK was lowered by continuous application of Sarang organic fertilizer.4) Soil nitrogen content and exchangeable Mg were similar in all treatments but soil pH, the contents of organic matter, $P_2 O_5$ and Ca were high in the fermented poultry manure treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.87-94
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• 2014

Objective of this study was to investigate characteristics of inorganic components contained in liquid fertilizer produced using bone powder and rice bran by adding dry yeast and molasses. Addition of dry yeast to liquid fertilizer resulted in little change in pH, considerable increase in EC, and it showed high EC value compared to the control which has no additives. Also, it was appeared that the dry yeast-added treatment had higher at $2,936mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of $NH_4$-N concentration than the control which had $1,782mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. In the other hand, addition of molasses resulted in low pH and slightly low EC, as compared to the control. $NH_4$-N concentration in the no added molasses treatment was $2,936mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ higher than its molasses added treatment which had $2,378mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. In conclusion, it was shown that addition of dry yeast to liquid fertilizer increased ammonium nitrogen concentration by accelerating nitrogen mineralization, while molasses has an effect of inhibiting nitrogen mineralization and enhancing the characteristics of fermentation. With application of organic liquid fertilizer containing bone powder and rice bran increased the fresh weight of Allium tuberosum.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 1986

This experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of cutting time on the regrowth and the feed composition in native reed. The first growth crops cut in June, July and October and the ratoon crops after cutting cut in October. The samples measured the plant height, leaf blade & sheath-stem ratio, grass yield, feed composition and invitro dry matter digestibility. The results are summarized as follow: 1. As the result of the grass productivity and nutrient yield, it was indicated that suitable cutting time of the native reed was from middle of June to middle of July. The yield of dry matter and in vitro digestible dry matter were much more in the first crops than in the ratoon crops in both of non-fertilizer and fertilizer(P < 0.01), and more in the fertilizer than in non-fertilizer in both of the first and ratoon crops(P < 0.01). 2. The contents of feed composition in native reed of non-fertilizer and fertilizer showed different trends between the first and ratoon crops. In case of the first crops, the contents of C. protein and C.fat were higher in fertilizer than in non-fertilizer and the contents of C. fiber, NDF and ADF were lower in fertilizer than in non-fertilizer, but these contents were not significantly different between non-fertilizer and fertilizer. In the ratoon crops, these contents between non-fertilizer and fertilizer were shown in a opposite manner to those in the first crops.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.304-308
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• 2007

In order to find out the optimum fertilizer level and planting density of high yielding variety, $Okayma^{#2}$, this experiment was conducted with 3 compositions of fertilizer levels and a different plant density at the experiment paddy field of mat rush in Mokpo Experiment Station, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. $Okayma^{#2}$, mat rush variety was grown under different fertilizer level and planting density with the highest yielding. Yield components such as stem length, number of stem were highest at the plots with fertilizer level (kg/10a), 80-20-40 and planting density, 20 ${\times}$ 10cm. Judging from the results reported above, at optimum fertilizer level and planting density of mat rush seemed to be 80-20-40kg/10a fertilizer and 20cm row spacing and l0cm or I5cm planting spacing.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.173-181
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• 2013

Livestock wastes are considered as major environmental pollutants because they contain high concentration of organic materials. In 2001, The Environmental Department reported that stock farmers were increasing as 5.1%/year, which resulted in a gradual increase in livestock wastes generation. The direct disposal of livestock wastes create several environmental problems. Thus, several countries banned the disposal of livestock wastes in environment including aquatic systems. Recently, aeration-based liquid fertilization was considered as potential way for the disposal of livestock wastes. In this study, next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was used to understand the microbial community changes during liquid fertilization of livestock wastes. Microbial community was compared with liquid fertilizer physicochemical analysis such as $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$ pH, N (Nitrogen), P (Phosphorus), K (Potassium) etc. The physicochemical parameters and bacterial community results pave the way for producing effective livestock-based fertilizer. By comparing the physical characteristics of the manure with microbial community changes, it is possible to optimize the conditions for producing effective fertilizer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2022

This study was conducted to determine the suitable amount of irrigation and fertigation for the growth and yield of spring potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). To investigate the effect of soil moisture content on the growth and yield of potato, five irrigation treatments were performed based on soil moisture tension: -10 kPa, -20 kPa, -30 kPa, -40 kPa, and non-irrigation. The growth and yield among the irrigation treatments was the best in the -10 kPa treatment, where the yield increased by 47% compared to the non-irrigation treatment. To determine the standard of additional fertilizer for fertigation cultivation of spring potatoes, seven treatments were performed, including a control (basic fertilization without additional fertilizer), compound fertilizer (NPK) based on 0.5 times the standard amount of fertilizer (NPK 0.5; N-P₂O₅-K₂O: 2.5-2.2-3.25 kg/10a), NPK 0.8 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O: 4-3.5-5 kg/10a), and NPK 1.2 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O: 6-5.3-7.8 kg/10a), and potassium fertilizer of 2 kg (K 2), 5 kg (K 5), and 7 kg (K 7). The growth and yield among the fertilization treatments was highest in the K 5 treatment, where the yield increased by approximately 27% compared to the control. Therefore, this study suggests that irrigation with -10 kPa or fertigation with K 5 during the tuber initiation and tuber filling stage could increase the yield of spring potatoes.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2016

Field monitoring was performed to evaluate the chemical properties of 260 paddy soils every 4 years from 1999 to 2015 in Gyeongnam province. Soil chemical properties, including soil pH, electrical conductivity, amount of organic matter (OM), available phosphate ($P_2O_5$), exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na), and available silicate ($SiO_2$) were analyzed. In 2015, the average values of pH, OM, available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg, and available $SiO_2$ was 5.8, $30g\;kg^{-1}$, $222mg\;kg^{-1}$, $0.37cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, $6.5cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, and $1.4cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, $252mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The frequency distribution within optimum range of paddy soils was 49.2%, 20.8%, 18.5%, and 5.8% for soil pH, OM, available $P_2O_5$, and available $SiO_2$, respectively. The available $P_2O_5$ concentrations in 2015 was excess level with portion of 58% and did not alter significantly during the experimental period. Although the average of available $SiO_2$ concentration has tended to increase with every year, the insufficient proportion of available $SiO_2$ concentration in 2015 was 48%. These results indicated that a balanced management of soil chemical properties can properly control the amount of fertilizer applied for sustainable agriculture in paddy field.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.978-980
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• 2010

This study was conducted to observe the cause of injury of fig plant. Nitrogen dioxide gas can be evolved at low pH or reduced in soil. Fig plant cultivated with nutrient solution was wilted or withered. Injury symptom for nutrient solution containing nitrous acid was worse as pH of soil decreased. However, increase in pH of nutrient solution treated with increasing $Ca(OH)_2$ solution prevented nutrient solution from producing nitrogen dioxide gas. Recovery of the fig plant by pH increase indicated that the cause of injury was nitrogen dioxide gas.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.32-39
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• 2015

Objective of this study was to investigate characteristics of inorganic components contained in liquid fertilizer produced using seaweed by adding microorganisms and molasses. Addition of dry yeast to liquid fertilizer resulted in little change in pH and considerable increase in EC with high EC value compared to other liquid fertilizers which have microorganisms additives. Also, it was appeared that the dry yeast-added treatment had higher $NH_4-N$ concentration than other treatments. In the other hand, addition of molasses resulted in low pH compared to the control which has no additives, and EC was not different depending on the amount of molasses. $NH_4-N$ concentration in the 2% molasses added treatment was lowest and it showed a significant difference in the no and 1% molasses added treatments. In conclusion, it was shown that addition of dry yeast to liquid fertilizer increased ammonium nitrogen concentration by accelerating nitrogen mineralization, while molasses has an effect of inhibiting nitrogen mineralization. With application of organic liquid fertilizer containing seaweed increased the fresh weight of chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.456-463
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of granular type of silicate fertilizer on watermelon growth, yield, and characteristics of soil in the greenhouse. Four different levels of silicate fertilizer, 0(control), 600, 1,200, $1,800kg\;ha^{-1}$ were applied for experiment. The silicate fertilizer was applied as a basal fertilization before transplanting watermelon. Compost and basal fertilizers were applied based on the standard fertilizer recommendation rate with soil testing. All of the recommended $P_2O_5$ and 50% of N and $K_2O$ were applied as a basal fertilization. The N and $K_2O$ as additional fertilization was split-applied twice by fertigation method. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) cultivar was 'Sam-Bok-KKuol and main stem was from rootstock (bottle gourd: Lagenaria leucantha Standl.) 'Bul-Ro-Jang-Sang'. The watermelon was transplanted on April, 15. Soil chemical properties, such as soil pH, EC, available phosphate and exchangeable K, Mg, and available $SiO_2$ levels increased compared to the control, while EC was similar and the concentrations of soil organic matter decreased. Physical properties of soils, such as soil bulk density and porosity were not different among treatments. The growth characteristics of watermelon, such as stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of watermelon at harvest were thicker and heavier for silicate treatment than the control, while number of node was shorter than the control. Merchantable watermelon increased by 3-5% compared to the control and sugar content was 0.4 to $0.7^{\circ}Brix$ higher than the control. These results suggest that silicate fertilizer application in the greenhouse can improve some chemical properties of soils and watermelon stem diameter and dry weight, which are contributed to watermelon quality and marketable watermelon production.