• Advances in nano research
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.231-244
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• 2017

Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by modified Hummer's method to produce reduced graphene oxide (RGO) following standard thermal and chemical reduction processes. Prepared RGO colloids were utilized to fabricate RGO films over glass and FTO coated glass substrates through drop-coating. A systematic study was performed to evaluate the effect of reduction degree on the optical and electrical properties of the RGO film. We demonstrate that both the reduction process (thermal and chemical) produce RGO films of similar optical and electrical behaviors. However, the RGO films fabricated using chemically reduced GO colloid render better performance in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), when they are used as counter electrodes (CEs). It has been demonstrated that RGO films of optimum thicknesses fabricated using RGO colloids prepared using lower concentration of hydrazine reducer have better catalytic performance in DSSCs due to a better catalytic interaction with redox couple. The better catalytic performance of the RGO films fabricated at optimal hydrazine concentration is associated to their higher available surface area and lower grain boundaries.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.4371-4376
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• 2011

In this work, we investigate the growth behavior of silicon oxide nanowires via a solid-liquid-solid process. Silicon oxide nanowires were synthesized at $1000^{\circ}C$ in an Ar and $H_2$ mixed gas. A pre-oxidized silicon wafer and a nickel film are used as the substrate and catalyst, respectively. We propose two distinctive growth modes for the silicon oxide nanowires that both act as a unique solid-liquid-solid growth process. We named the two growth mechanisms "grounded-growth" and "branched-growth" modes to characterize their unique solid-liquid-solid growth behavior. The two growth modes were classified by the generation site of the nanowires. The grounded-growth mode in which the grown nanowires are generated from the substrate and the branchedgrowth mode where the nanowires are grown from the side of the previously grown nanowires or at the metal catalyst drop attached at the tip of the nanowire stem.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.529-534
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• 2008

The hydrogen gas sensing properties of a zinc oxide nanowire structure were studied. Porous zinc oxide nanowire structures were fabricated by oxidizing zinc deposited on a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) template. This revealed a porous ZnO-SWNT composite due to the porosity in the SWNT film. The gas sensing properties were compared with those of zinc oxide thin films deposited on SiO2/Si substrates in sensitivity and operating temperature. The composite structure showed higher sensitivity and lower operating temperature than the zinc oxide film. It showed a response even at room temperature while the film structure did not.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1998

원격플라즈마화학증착(RPCVD)에 의하여 파이렉스 유리 기판 위에 투명전도성 산화 주석막을 제조하였다. RPCVD공정의 주요한 조절변수는 증착시간, 사메틸주석, 산소 및 아 르곤의 유속, 라디오 주파수 출력, 및 기판온도를 포함했다. 양질의 산화주석막을 제조하고 RPCVD공정을 보다 잘 이해하기 위하여 이들 파라미터에 대한 증착속도, 전기적 저항, 광 학적 투과도 및 결정구조의 의존성을 체계적으로 살펴보았다. 산화주석막의 성질에 미치는 이들 파라미터의 영향은 복잡하게 서로 연관되어 있다. 최적화된 증착조건에서 제조된 산화 주석막은 102$\AA$/min의 증착속도, $9.7\times 10^{-3}\Omega$cm의 비저항 및 ~80%의 가시선 투과도를 나 타냈다.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.557-560
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• 2006

Aspergillus niger LK의 epoxide hydrolase (EH)를 codon usage를 고려한 Escherichia coli 균주에서 고효율로 발현할 수 있었다. E. coli에서 잘 사용되지 않는 rare codon에 대한 tRNA 유전자 정보가 들어있는 plasmid를 함유한 E. coli 균주인 Rosetta (DE3)PLysS를 숙주세포로 사용하였다. A. niger EH를 발현시킨 재조합 E. coli를 생촉매로 사용하여 라세믹 styrene oxide 혼합물과 반응시켰을 때, (R)-styrene oxide에 대한 입체선택적 가수분해활성이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 라세믹 기질로부터 입체적으로 고순도인 99% ee 값을 갖는 광학적으로 순수한 (S)-styrene oxide를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1985-1988
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• 2014

$Cu_2ZnSnSe_4$ (CZTSe) thin films were synthesized on transparent conducting oxide glass substrates via a simple, non-toxic, and low-cost process using a precursor solution paste. A three-step heating process (oxidation, sulfurization, and selenization) was employed to synthesize a CZTSe thin film as an absorber layer for use in thin-film solar cells. In particular, we focused on the effects of sulfurization conditions on CZTSe film formation. We found that sulfurization at $400^{\circ}C$ involves the formation of secondary phases such as $CuSe_2$ and $Cu_2SnSe_3$, but they gradually disappeared when the temperature was increased. The formed CZTSe thin films showed homogenous and good crystallinity with grain sizes of approximately 600 nm. A solar cell device was tentatively fabricated and showed a power conversion efficiency of 2.2% on an active area of 0.44 $cm^2$ with an open circuit voltage of 365 mV, a short current density of 20.6 $mA/cm^2$, and a fill factor of 28.7%.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.196-200
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 니오븀 산화물을 비교적 저온에서 단시간 동안의 양극산화법을 통해 제조하였다. 이때, 전해질로는 NaF와 HF를 혼합하여 사용하였으며, 20~120 V의 다양한 전압 조건에 따라 생성되는 니오븀 산화물의 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 일반적으로 니오븀 금속의 양극산화 시 초기에 생성된 니오븀 산화물은 무정형 구조이나 반응이 경과함에 따라 점차 결정형 산화물로 성장하게 된다. 이러한 산화물은 XRD 분석을 통하여 결정형의 $Nb_2O_5$ 임을 확인하였고, FE-SEM 분석결과, 그 표면은 매우 밀집된 형태의 나노로드로 이루어진 마이크로콘 산화물임을 알 수 있었다. 적절한 공정변수로 제조된 니오븀 산화물은 마이크로콘 구조 전체 표면에 걸쳐 동일한 크기를 갖는 나노로드 다발을 형성하고 있으며, 이러한 나노 구조는 또한 넓은 표면적을 기대할 수 있어 염료감응 태양전지나 바이오 소재 등에 대한 다양한 분야에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2009

Sol-gel법에 의해 친수성 투명 $TiO_2$ 박막이 제조되었고, 박막의 접촉각, 표면구조, 투과율의 특성이 측정되었다. 더욱이 박막의 친수 특성을 향상시키기 위하여 계면활성제 tween 80이 이용되었다. Tween 80의 첨가량이 0, 10, 30, 50wt%일 때, 제조된 박막의 접촉각은 각각 $41.4^{\circ}$, $18.2^{\circ}$, $16.0^{\circ}$, $13.2^{\circ}$로 확인되었다. 제조된 $TiO_2$ 박막은 자외선 조사 후 Methylene blue용액을 분해시켜 흡광도를 감소시키는 광촉매 특성을 보여주었다. 일반유리(bare glass), Antimony Tin Oxide(ATO)코팅 유리, Fluorine Tin Oxide(FTO)코팅유리, Indium Tin Oxide(ITO)코팅유리 기판 위 에 Tween 80을 30 wt% 함유한 $TiO_2$ 용액을 적층하여 박막의 접촉각과 투과율을 측정하였다. 다양한 기판에 제조된 박막은 $16.2\sim27.1^{\circ}$의 표면 접촉각을 나타냈으며 자외선 조사 후에는 접촉각이 $13.2\sim17.6^{\circ}$로 낮아졌다. 특히 ATO코팅유리와 FTO 코팅유리 기판 위에 코팅된 필름은 가시광선 영역에서 각각 74.6%, 76.8%의 높은 투과율을 나타내었고, 적외선 영역에서는 각각 54.2%, 40.4%의 낮은 투과율을 나타냈다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.329-329
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• 2007

Photoconductive poly crystalline lead oxide coated on amorphous thin film transistor (TFT) arrays is the best candidate for direct digital x-ray detector for medical imaging. Thicker films with lessening density often show lower x-ray induced charge generation and collection becomes less efficient. In this work, we present a new methodology used for the high density deposition of PbO. We investigate the structural properties of the films using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy experiments. The film coatings of approximately $200\;{\mu}m$ thickness were deposited on $2"{\times}2"$ conductive-coated glass substrates for measurements of dark current and x-ray sensitivity. The lead oxide (PbO) films of $200\;{\mu}m$ thickness were deposited on glass substrates using a wet coating process in room temperature. The influence of post-deposition annealing on the characteristics of the lead oxide films was investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy have been employed to obtain information on the morphology and crystallization of the films. Also we measured dark current, x-ray sensitivity and linearity for investigation of the electrical characteristics of films. It was found that the annealing conditions strongly affect the electrical properties of the films. The x-ray induced output charges of films annealed in oxygen gas increases dramatically with increasing annealing temperatures up to $500^{\circ}C$ but then drops for higher temperature anneals. Consequently, the more we increase the annealing temperatures, the better density and film quality of the lead oxide. Analysis of this data suggests that incorporation and decomposition reactions of oxygen can be controlled to change the detection properties of the lead oxide film significantly. Post-deposition thermal annealing is also used for densely film. The PbO films that are grown by new methodology exhibit good morphology of high density structure and provide less than $10\;pA/mm^2$ dark currents as they show saturation in gain (at approximate fields of $4\;V/{\mu}m$). The ability to operate at low voltage gives adequate dark currents for most applications and allows voltage electronics designs.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.202-211
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• 2018

In this work, Fe-Pd alloy films have been electrodeposited on different substrates using an electrolyte containing $[Pd(NH_3)_4]^{2+}$ (0.02 M) and $[Fe-Citrate]^{2+}$ (0.2 M). The influences of substrate and overpotential on chemical composition, nucleation and growth kinetics as well as the electrodeposited films morphology have been investigated using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), current-time transients, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. In all substrates - brass, copper and sputtered fluorine doped tin oxide on glass (FTO/glass) - Fe content of the electrodeposited alloys increases by increasing the overpotential. Also the cathodic current efficiency is low due to high rate of $H_2$ co-reduction. Regarding the chronoamperometry current-time transients, it has been demonstrated that the nucleation mechanism is instantaneous with a typical three dimensional (3D) diffusion-controlled growth in the case of brass and copper substrates; while for FTO, the growth mode changes to 3D progressive. At a constant overpotential, the calculated number of active nucleation sites for metallic substrates is much higher than that of FTO/glass; however by increasing the overpotential, the number of active nucleation sites increases. The SEM micrographs as well as the XRD patterns reveal the formation of Fe-Pd alloy thin films with nanostructure arrangement and ultra-fine grains.