• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2008

Objectives : To investigate the effect of overtime work on fatigue symptoms among Korean female workers. Methods : A total of 1,875 subjects were analyzed using the structured questionnaire, which was composed of overtime work, fatigue symptom, and background characteristics. Data analysis included multiple regression to test for a relationship of overtime work with fatigue symptom while statistically controlling for demographic and occupational variables. Results : Overtime work was more common in those with shorter work years of 3 or less than in those with longer work years. Overtime work was more popular in day workers than in shift workers. No significant difference of smoking and drinking state was observed between two groups. Subjective fatigue symptoms were significantly higher in overtime workers than in workers without overtime work. In a multiple regression analysis with significant control variables, overtime work was associated with 0.31 more fatigue symptom(p<0.001). Conclusion : Our findings suggest that overtime work may increase risks for fatigue symptom. Therefore, preventive strategies will be needed to control the negative effect of overtime work on health status of female workers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.119-128
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• 2022

In the context of the COVID-19 era, due to the serious epidemic and heavy workload, medical staff often work overtime. The frequency of overtime work is directly related to organizational trust, so the impact of overtime work is of high importance to medical staff. This study focuses on the role of overtime work and validates the level of organizational trust among healthcare workers. The mediating effect of personal achievement as a mediator between overtime work and organizational trust was also explored. According to the results, both voluntary overtime and inoluntary overtime of medical staff have a positive impact on organizational trust. The results also suggest that personal accomplishment has a mediating effect between overtime work and organizational trust. This study focuses on exploring the impact of medical staff overtime work on organizational trust and proposes options for improving organizational trust among medical staff.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.44
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• pp.197-205
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• 1997

Manufacturers can meet the due dates of orders by using overtime, in which case, additional cost incurs for the amount of overtime. Although many studies have been reported on scheduling, only a few papers are founds on production scheduling using overtime. We consider the problem of production scheduling using overtime on a single machine, in which each job has a given due-date, a constant processing time. We assume that the daily overtime does not exceed the daily regular operation time. The objectives is to minimize the total overtimes, while meeting all due dates. We first present a mathematical model, and then suggest a heuristic algorithm for the problem.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2024

Background: Dental hygienists provide direct dental care in the closest proximity to the patient, and each practice requires a high level of focus and concentration. These skills are an important human resource that can impact the quality of dental care services. Since more than half of dental clinics provide as overtime work in addition to regular hours, this study aims to determine the association between working overtime and job performance for dental hygienists. Methods: The study was conducted using a combination of online and in-person surveys via Google Forms among 131 employed dental hygienists. The survey consisted of 7 questions on demographic and work characteristics, 16 questions on characteristics related to overtime and the effect of overtime on job security, health, and life, and 10 questions on job performance, for a total of 33 questions. Chi-square analysis and independent samples t-test were used to identify the characteristics of demographic and work characteristics, and descriptive statistics analysis was used for the characteristics of overtime. Independent samples t-test was used to test the difference in the mean of job performance according to whether or not they worked overtime, and linear regression analysis was used to show the association of working overtime and job performance. Results: The study found that 71% of dental clinics worked overtime. The average number of overtime per week was once (78.5%), and the most common problems with overtime were fatigue (52.7%) and lack of personal and leisure time (41.9%). The appropriate number of overtime per week considered by dental hygienists was once a week, which was confirmed to be 94.6%. When comparing job performance by overtime status, those who worked overtime were 3.38 points higher than those who did not (35.45 vs. 32.07). Multiple linear regression analysis of the association of working overtime night and job performance showed that a one-unit increase in worked overtime was associated with a statistically significant increase in job performance of about 3.1 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Working overtime was found to have a positive effect on job performance among dental hygienists. Therefore, as a way to improve the working environment, providing appropriate compensation or welfare for overtime can reduce the negative aspects of overtime and turn it into a positive influence on job performance. This could ultimately raise awareness of the dental hygienist as a professional and effect the efficiency of dental care services.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.1 s.23
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• pp.49-57
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• 2005

Construction labor productivity, which is the greatest source of variation in overall construction productivity, is the critical factor for determining the project performance in terms of time and cost, especially during scheduled overtime when extra time and cost are invested. The objective of this research is to select an appropriate type of probability distribution function representing the variability of daily labor productivity during overtime. Based on the results of statistical data analysis of labor performance during different weekly work hours, lognormal distribution is selected in order to take advantage of easiness of generating correlated random numbers. The selected lognormal distribution can be used for development of a simulation model in construction scheduling, cost analysis, and other applications areas where representation of the correlations between variables are essential.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.199-208
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of overtime work on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of Korean blue-collar workers. This cross-sectional study collected data on 229 Korean blue-collar workers in six small-sized companies from October to November 2015. The data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis to estimate the effect of overtime work while considering convergence variables. In the hierarchical regression model, when overtime work variable was included in the model, $R^2$ change was statistically significant. The significant predictors for HRQoL were overtime work (${\beta}=.152$, p=.025), depression (${\beta}=-.192$, p=.003) and night shift work (${\beta}=-.201$, p=.032). The results of this study provide a basic data for establishing optimal working hours standards for improving the quality of life of Korean blue-collar workers.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.54-67
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between nursing work environment and nursing outcome of clinical nurses. Also, the purpose of this study was to identify the nurses' workload. Method: The participants in this study were 246 nurses working at one hospital in a province. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from October 2011 to November 2011. Open questions were subject to content analysis; closed questions were subject to descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSS 18.0 program were used. Result: The number of patients per nurse in day-duty and overtime work had a positive correlation. Nursing performance and the overtime work in night duty nurses had a negative correlation. The results of this study, with a much higher number of patients per nurse, showed an increase in overtime hours. In the nursing delivery system experience of nurses, 13 themes were identified and they were divided into five categories. Conclusion: Therefore, in order to improve nursing performance and increase job satisfaction, efforts must be made to reduce overtime, and nursing personnel placement to secure a substantial nursing staff.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.1 s.52
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• pp.91-102
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• 1996

Low back pain patients and controls of shipyard workers were surveyed between June 1995 and September 1995 to identify risk factors of industrial low back pain. The patients were 17 male workers who had got medical treatment for over 3 days because of industrial back pain. Controls were 51 male workers who had not have musculoskeletal disorder for one year before the survey. By univariate analysis, the workers who did overtime work 4 times or more for the last 2 weeks showed odds ratio of 3.67 on low back pain with the workers who did less overtime work. Carrying heavy materials was also associated with the low back pain and the odds ratio increased with the increase of carrying weight. Work space and work posture were not associated with the low back pain significantly. The welder had higher odds ratio than the other workers on low back pain. The duration of employment and job satisfaction did not affect the risk of low back pain. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that frequency of overtime work for the last 2 weeks and carrying heavy materials among the risk factors were associated significantly with the low back pain. We found that important risk factors of low back pain of shipyard workers are work intensity factors such as overtime work and carrying heavy weight.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.18-27
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• 2012

Despite the rapid development in the construction industry due to the changing new technologies, many projects still fail to meet target deadlines. Shortage in manpower and skilled laborers is one of the main reasons for such delays. Markets with high economic growth and economic expansion (such as Gulf Countries in the Middle East) may have pronounced labor the shortages. Labor subcontracting practices are used sometimes to increase production rates and meet project deadlines. This paper explains and analyses labor subcontracting practices currently being used in many places around the world (and especially in the Gulf Countries) and in particular defines a maximum overtime rate for laborers in the laborer-subcontracting method ensuring that the contractor gains both the time saved during overtime and also reduces the cost per unit produced. The mathematical model used formalizes a closed-form equation for overtime pay in similar situations and as such can be applicable worldwide. Data was collected from representative projects that employed such practices from various trades. Validation of the model and formula has been tested successfully by analyzing historic data. The results prove that contractors often do not reach the optimum use of their practices resulting in a higher cost per unit. The presented model and the analysis should be of interest to many contractors currently involved in the practice or considering its use and to those who wish to find new methods that would help in eliminating as much wastes as possible by allocating their resources in the most efficient way.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual conditions related to the working environment of radiological technologist who is working in small or medium-sized hospitals or clinics. The results of this study were intended to improve the working environment of radiological technologist and care for patients. For data collection, a structured questionnaire was used as a research tool, and 838 women (52.4%) were used as a general characteristic of 1,598 people subject to this questionnaire. The annual salary of radiological technologists with less than one year experience was 33.76 million won, and the average annual salary of radiological technologists with more than 10 years of experience was 41.33 million won. It showed an increased of 1.84% per year. Among 1,540 radiological technologists, 879 workers were paid holiday work allowances, 340 workers did not, and 321 holiday workers work during the week. In addition, a total of 817 workers received overtime payment, of which 112 received overtime wage on a monthly basis regardless of the overtime hours. In addition, a total of 348 radiological technologists were not paid overtime wage, and 138 workers were included in the basis salary. There were no union in 85% of the them. According to the results of this study, the wages and working environment of radiological technologists in small or medium-sized hospitals or clinics were not appropriate. Therefore, the efforts of the radiological association and its members are necessary to provide a better working environment for radiological technologists. In addition, it is expected that this study will be used as basic data for the association's policy to improve the working environment of members who work in poor conditions.